DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

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1 Taxonomical Classification and Genesis of Yongheung Series in Jeju Island Kwan-Cheol Song, * Byung-Geun Hyun, Kyung-Hwan Moon 1, Seung-Jong Jeon 1, and Han-Cheol Lim 1 National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, RDA, Jeju 690 This study was conducted to reclassify Yongheung series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Yongheung series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Yongheung series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. The typifying pedon contains 3.2~3.4% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than 0.90 Mg m -3. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 15 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol or Alfisol. The typifying pedon has 0.9 % or more organic carbon in the upper 15 cm of the argillic horizon and accordingly, can be classified as Humult. It has a clay distribution in which the percentage of clay does not decrese from its maximum amount by 20% or more within a depth of 150 cm from the mineral soil surface, and keys out as Palehumult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Palehumult. That has 35 % or more clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Yongheung series can be classified as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Palehumults, not as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs. Most soils distributed in the southern coastal areas in Jeju island which have a humid climate are developed as Andisols. But Yongheung series distributed in this areas and derived from mainly trachyte, trachytic andesite, and volcanic ash are developed as Ultisols. Key words: Argillic horizons, Base saturation(sum of cations), Typic Palehumults, Yongheung series

3 Fig. 1. The typifying pedon of Yongheung series.

4 Table 1. Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon. 130 Horizon Ap BAt Bt1 Bt2 Bt3 Bt4 C Clay LT.002 Total Clay Silt Sand Silt Sand.05-2 Fine LT.0002 Coarse LT.002 Fine Coarse Pct of < 2mm (3A1) VF F M C VC Coarse Fractions(mm) 5-20 Weight mm Wt Pct of Whole Orgn C 6A1c Total N P Ret. Total S Fe 6C2b Dith -Cit Extractable Al 6G7a Pct of < 75mm (3B1) Soil Pct of < 2mm B3a 6S3 6R3a Mn 6D2a CEC 8D Ratio/Clay D1 Atterberg Limits LL 4P PI 4P Field Moist 4A3a Bulk Density 33 4A1d Oven Dry 4A1h COLE Whole Soil 4D1 Field Moist 4B4 Water Content 10 4B1c 33 4B1c B2a WRD Whole Soil 4C1 Pct < 0.4mm g/cc cm/cm Pct of < 2mm cm/cm Ca 5B5a 6N2e NH4OAc Extractable Bases Mg 5B5a 6O2d K 5B5a 6Q2b Na 5B5a 6P2b Sum Bases Acid- Extr CEC Al ity 6H5a Sum Cats 5A3a NH4- OAc 5A8b Bases + Al 5A3b meq / 100g Pct Al 6G9a Sat 5G

5 Table 1. Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon. Base Sat CO3 as Res Cond ph Acid Oxalate Extraction Sum NH4- OAc CaCO3 <2mm NaF KCl CaCl2.01M H2O Opt Den Al Fe 5C3 5C1 6E1g 8E1 8I 8C1d 8C1f 8C1f 8J 6G12 6C9a Si 6V Pct ohms/cm ds/m 1:1 1:2 1: Pct of < 2mm

7 Agricultural Sciences Institute(ASI) General remarks of Korean soils. revised edition. Dahlgren, R. A., F. C. Ugolini, S. Shoji, T. Ito, and R. S. Sletten Soil-forming processes in Alic Melanudand under Japanese pampas grass and oak. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 55: Hunter, C. R. and A. J. Busacca Pedogenesis and surface charge of some Andic soil in Washington, U.S.A. Geoderma. 39: Jeju Provincial Government (JPG) Geologic report of the Seoguipo- Hahyori sheet. Scale 1;50,000. Jeju Do Agricultural Research and Extention Service (JARES) Climatological report of mid-mountaineous area in Jeju Island. Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Climatological normals of Korea( ). Mizota, C. and J. Chapelle Characterization of some Andepts and Andic soils in Rwanda, Central Africa. Geoderma. 41: Mizota, C. and L. P. van Reeuwijk Clay mineralogy and chemistry of soils formed in volcanic material in diverse climatic regions. Soil Monograph 2. TSRIC. Wageningen, Netherlands. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (NIAST) Taxonomical classifiction of Korean soils. Parfitt, R. L. and M. Saigusa Allophane and humus aluminum in Spodsols and Andepts formed from the same volcanic ash beds in New Zealand. Soil Sci. 139: Parfitt, R. L., C. W. Childs, and D. N. Eden Ferrrihydrite and allophane in four Andepts from Hawaii and implications for their classification. Geoderma. 41: Parfitt, R. L. and J. M. Kimble Conditions for formation of allophane in soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: Parfitt, R. L. and B. Clayden, Andisols-The development of a new order in Soil Taxonomy. Geoderma. 49: Song, K. C Andic properties of major soils in Cheju Island.

8 Ph.D. Thesis, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. Song, K. C. and S. H. Yoo Andic properties of major soils in Cheju Island. I. Characterization of volcanic ash soils by selective dissolution analysis. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 24: Song, K. C. and S. H. Yoo Andic properties of major soils in Cheju Island. III. Conditions for formation of allophane. J. Korean Soc. Soil Sci. Fert. 27: Song, K. C Distribution, and conditions for formation of allophane in soils in Cheju Island. Minerology and Industry. 10(2): Song, K. C., S. J. Jung, B. K. Hyun, Y. K. Sonn, and H. K. Kwak Classification and properties of Korean soils. In NIAST. Fruits and future prospects for soil survey in Korea. p Suwon, Korea. Song, K. C., B. K. Hyun, Y. K. Sonn, Y. S. Zhang, and C. W. Park. 2009a. Taxonomical classification of Jangho series. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42: Song, K. C., B. K. Hyun, Y. K. Sonn, H. C. Lim, and S. C. Lee. 2009b. Taxonomical classification of Namweon series, black volcanic ash soils. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 42: USDA, Soil Survey Staff Soil Taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Agric. Handbook 436. USDA-SCS. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. USDA, Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. SMSS Technical Monograph No. 19, 4th ed. USDA-SMSS, Blacksbury, Virginia. USDA, Soil Survey Division Staff Soil Survey Manual. Agricultural Handbook 18. USDA-NRCS, Washington. USDA, NRCS Soil survey laborarory methods manual. Soil Survey Investigation Report No.42(revised). USDA-NRCS, Washington. USDA, Soil Survey Staff Soil Taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd ed. Agric. Handbook 436. USDA-NRCS. CRC Press, Boca Paton, Fla., USA. USDA, Soil Survey Staff Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 10th ed. USDA- NRCS, Blacksbury, Virginia.

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<B1B9B9AE5FB8F1C2F72E687770> 한국토양비료학회지 43권 2호 Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. Vol. 43, No. 2, 230-236 (2010) 보문 제주도토양인제주통의분류및생성 1 송관철 현병근 문경환 전승종 1 1 임한철 이신찬 국립농업과학원, 1 온난화대응농업연구센터, 2 제주도농업기술원 2 Taxonomical Classification and Genesis of