윤대권 이해택 남일우 이헌규 김용현 윤재곤 김주영 하성용 도합리적인해결책을모색하는데일조할수있다. 현재사고차의가치하락평가방법에대해서는대상자동차와동일성이있는다른자동차의매매사례를비교하여평가하는매매사례비교평가법, 4) 수리이력에대한감점을적용하여평가하는자동차진단평가기준 5) 등

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1 Transactions of KSAE, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp (2014) Copyright C 2014 KSAE / pissn / eissn DOI 자동차의수리후가치평가방법에대한연구 윤대권 *1) 이해택 1) 남일우 1) 이헌규 1) 김용현 1) 윤재곤 1) 김주영 1) 하성용 2) 한국차량기술사회감정평가위원회 1) 신한대학교자동차공학과 2) Study on Value Appraisal after the Repair of Cars Daekwon Yun *1) Haeteak Lee 1) Ilwoo Nam 1) Heongyu Lee 1) Yonghyeon Kim 1) Jaegon Yun 1) Juyeong Kim 1) Seongyong Ha 2) 1) Korean Automotive Professional Engineers Association, Appraisal Committee, 22 Teheran-ro 7-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul , Korea 2) Department of Automotive Engineering, Shinhan University, Gyeonggi , Korea (Received 29 October 2013 / Revised 18 January 2014 / Accepted 23 February 2014) Abstract : This study, the exchange value of the car after the repair, which affects the valuation elements and repair characteristics factors were investigated. Based on this specific accident damaged condition of the car, repair range, repair methods, repair costs, market transactions, taking into account the vehicle's depreciation appraisal method is proposed. Key words : Exchange value( 교환가치 ), Depreciation appraisal( 가치하락평가 ), Repair( 수리 ), Cost of repairs( 수리비용 ), Depreciation loss( 가치하락손해 ), Standard market value( 표준시세 ), Depreciation rate( 감가율 ) Nomenclature 1) : depreciation appraisal cos : cost of repairs : standard market value 1. 서론 소비자가중고차를구매할때중요하게평가하는기준은차량경과연수, 사고유무, 옵션장착, 안전도등의항목이다. 1) 또한자동차가일부파손되어수리를한경우에는일반적인수리방법, 즉탈착, 교환, 교정, 도장등의작업을통해안전도에결함이없도록물리적 기술적인복원수리는가능하나주요부품의교체나수리가필요한경우에는사고전과동 * A part of this paper was presented at the KSAE 2013 Annual Conference and Exhibition * Corresponding author, yun0321@nate.com 일한성능및외관을갖추도록완벽한원상복구의수리는사실상기대하기어렵다고할것이다. 2) 이러한이유로인해사고자동차는수리후저감된가격으로거래되는것이중고자동차시장의현실이고, 우리나라의보험실무도사고자동차의수리후가치하락으로인한손해를 자동차시세하락손해 로일부인정하고있다. 2,3) 사고차량의가치하락으로인한손해또는시세하락손해에대해서는아직까지법률적인손해의성격이나인정범위, 평가방법등이다소불명확하고논란의여지가있는상황이다. 다만법률적인해석이나판단은논외로두더라도기술적인측면에서사고차량의가치를보다객관적으로평가할수있는기준을제시하는것은중고차거래의투명성과신뢰성을제고시키고, 감정평가에있어서도합리적인손해액산정과보상범위설정의기초자료로활용될수있을뿐만아니라법적분쟁이나소송에있어서 19

2 윤대권 이해택 남일우 이헌규 김용현 윤재곤 김주영 하성용 도합리적인해결책을모색하는데일조할수있다. 현재사고차의가치하락평가방법에대해서는대상자동차와동일성이있는다른자동차의매매사례를비교하여평가하는매매사례비교평가법, 4) 수리이력에대한감점을적용하여평가하는자동차진단평가기준 5) 등이일부사용되고있으나아직까지사고차의구체적인수리범위와방법, 실제수리비용등의객관적인자료와중고차시장의실제거래실태를반영한평가방법이나기준은마련되지않은실정이다. 본연구는객관성이결여된사고이력이나수리차량을기피하려고하는거래관념적인영향을배제하고, 수리후자동차의교환가치에영향을미칠수있는수리특성상의물리적요인과가치하락평가요소를기술적으로고찰하였고, 이를토대로사고차의구체적인손상상태, 수리범위, 수리방법, 수리비용등의객관적인사고및수리데이터와중고차시장의거래실태자료를반영하여실무적으로활용가능한사고차의가치하락평가기준을제시하고자한다. 2. 본론 2.1 사고차의교환가치에영향을미치는복원수리특성 충돌사고시운동에너지는차량의특정부품이나부속시스템을파손시키면서흡수된다. 충격에너지가차량내부방향으로전파되어감에따라인접부품이충격을흡수하면서휘고, 좌굴되고, 변형되면서파손된다. 6) 이렇게파손된차량은개별적인손상진단과함께적정한수리방법을결정하여복원수리를하게된다. 사고차량에대한복원수리란파손된차량을사고발생직전의상태로원상회복시키는것을말하고, 여기서원상회복이란일반적으로행해지고있는수리방법에의해외관상, 기능상, 사회통념상원상회복되었다고인정되는정도로복구하는것을말한다. 7) 그러나사고차의복원수리는사고직전상태로의원상회복을전제로한것이지만실제정비공장에서이루어지는수리작업의현실을감안하면, 사고전과동일한성능및외관을갖춘원상회복은쉽지않 은측면이있다. 우선경미한사고로서차량의일부외판에대한단순판금이나교환이이루어진경우라하더라도도장차이나미세진동, 재질의노후화가발생할수있다. 수리된외판의도장상태를평가해보면거의대부분미세한색조의차이가발생할뿐만아니라도장막의표면두께도불균일하고신차의도장상태와현격한차이를발생시킨다. 주요부재의교환또는교정수리가이루어진경우에는용접이나수정작업과정에서재질의노후화와함께강도저하를발생시키고, 8) 그로인해차량의소음진동, 주행안전성, 내구성, 부식성등에영향을미칠수있다. 이러한영향은사고차량의파손상태, 수리부위와범위, 수리방법등에따라다소차이가있어일률적으로평가하기는어렵지만적어도통상의경우완전한원상복구의수리는불가능한측면이있다고할수있다. 2) 2.2 사고차의가치평가요소수리된사고차의가치하락은차량의기능성부품으로구성된새시 (chassis) 부분이아니라주로차량의차체 (body) 또는차체를구성하는프레임 (frame) 과주요구성부재에서발생하는것으로판단된다. 차체와주요구성부재는차량의상품성에큰영향을미치는외관을형성하고, 내구성이나안전성, 차량성능에직접적으로연관성이높은기초부재인반면, 기능성부품의경우에는일부품질이떨어지는재생부품이나중고부품이사용될수도있으나신품에있어서는기능에대한원상회복이가능하고일부에있어서는오히려품질이향상될수도있기때문이다. 일본이나우리나라에서중고자동차를평가할때사용하는기준의수리이력감점도주로차체의수리부위와주요구성부재의수리부분을평가대상으로설정해놓고있다. 5,10) 중고차시장거래에서실무적으로일부사용되고있는사고차량에대한표준감가율적용도표의항목도주로차체의외판 (outer & outside panel) 교환부위를평가대상으로하고있다. 9) 따라서사고차의주된가치하락평가요소는 Table 1에정리한것과같이크게차체의외판과내판 (inside & inner panel), 차체와연결된또는일체화 20 한국자동차공학회논문집제 22 권제 3 호, 2014

3 자동차의수리후가치평가방법에대한연구 Table 1 Body element of vehicle Section FRONT SIDE REAR Body element Hood Radiator panel Fender Inside panel Wheel apron Side member Cross member Cowl & dash Floor & cabin Door panel Front pillar Center pillar Rear pillar Side sill Roof Floor & cabin Trunk lid Back panel Fender Trunk floor Wheel apron Side member Rear panel Floor & cabin Table 2 Classification of repairs and damage Classification of repairs and damage A B C Bumper Hood Front fender Door panel Trunk lid Radiator panel (front panel) Back panel Rear fender Inside panel Trunk floor Side sill Wheel apron Side member Pillar Cowl & dash Roof Center floor 된주요골격및구성부재부분으로구분할수있다. 차체의외관을형성하는외판으로는후드 (hood), 프론트펜더 (front fender), 도어패널 (door panel), 사이드실 (side sill), 리어펜더 (rear fender), 트렁크 (trunk), 루프 (roof) 등이있고, 내판에는라디에이터서포트패널 (radiator support panel), 인사이드패널 (inside panel), 프론트패널 (front panel), 리어패널 (rear panel), 휠하우스패널 (wheel house panel & wheel apron), 대쉬패널 (dash panel) 등이있다. 주요골격및구성부재에는프론트필러 (front pillar), 센터필러 (center pillar), 리어필러 (rear pillar), 사이드멤버 (side member), 크로스멤버 (cross member), 플로어 (floor) 등이있다. Fig. 1 Depreciation rate of repair cars 2.3 사고차의중고시장거래실태조사사고차에대한거래실태는중고자동차매매전문기관에등록된차종별매물자료와표준시세자료를 571건조사하였다. 사고내용및수리부위에대한객관적인검증을위해중고자동차성능점검기록부가발급된차량을대상으로수리내용에따른판매가격을조사하였고, 연식과차종, 모델이동일한중고차의표준시세를조사하여비교평가하였다. 주행거리가많은차량은그만큼시장가치가떨어지게되므로그에따른영향을배제하기위해년 2만km를기준으로하여, 평균주행거리를크게벗어난차량은비교대상차량에서제외시켰다. 사고차의수리내용은 Table 2와같이손상및수리범위가확대됨에따라 A, B, C 등급으로구분하였다. Fig. 1~4는전체사고차및 A, B, C 등급사고차에대한중고차시장의거래실태를조사한감가율 (depreciation rate) 의분포도다. Fig. 2 Depreciation rate of repair cars, A-repair range Fig. 3 Depreciation rate of repair cars, B-repair range Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 3,

4 Daekwon Yun Haeteak Lee Ilwoo Nam Heongyu Lee Yonghyeon Kim Jaegon Yun Juyeong Kim Seongyong Ha Fig. 4 Depreciation rate of repair cars, C-repair range Table 3 Results of statistical analysis on repair cars Depreciation rate of repair cars Section Average Standard_dev All cars 15.56% ±7.00% A-repair 12.02% ±5.43% B-repair 15.62% ±5.72% C-repair 21.46% ±7.27% 시장조사에대한통계분석결과, 복원수리가이루어진전체사고차는동일한조건의무사고차표준시세대비평균 15.56±7.0% 저감된가격으로매물이형성되었다. 손상및수리범위가상대적으로경미한 A등급사고차의평균감가율은 12.02%, B등급사고차의평균감가율은 15.62%, C등급사고차의평균감가율은 21.46% 인것으로분석되었다. 평균값에대한표준편차는 A등급이 ±5.43%, B등급이 ±5.72%, C등급이 ±7.27% 이다. 이는우리나라의재판실무에서사고차의평균감가율이 10~20% 정도이고, 많게는 30% 정도의감가발생이확인되었다는거래형태와거의유사한결과이다. 2) Table 3은사고차의감가율에대한거래실태통계분석결과를정리한것이다. 2.4 사고차의가치평가모형일반적으로사고차의교환가치는손상부위와수리부위가넓을수록, 주요골격및구성부재에대한수리범위가넓을수록차량의기능이나성능, 사용기간, 미관상의장애에영향을줄수있고, 이러한사고차의요인들이실제중고차시장거래에서상품가치의하락으로반영되고있는실정이다. 5) 따라서사고차의가치평가에기본적으로고려해 야할요소는수리범위와수리비용이다. 사고차의수리범위가넓을수록비례하여수리비용도증가하게되므로, 대체적으로수리범위및수리비용이커질수록사고차의가치하락정도도증가한다고볼수있다. 다만, 수리비의일정비율만큼사고차의가치가감소된다고가정하면높은수리비구간에서는과도한가치하락이발생하기때문에수리비용이커질수록가치하락의절대크기는커지지만가치하락비율은점차적으로낮아지는구조로설정할필요가있다. 사고차의가치평가는본질적으로그기준이되는표준가격또는표준시세의영향을고려해야만한다. 가치하락또는감가상각의비율적감소를고려할때표준가격또는표준시세가높으면가치하락의절대크기는높아진다. 동일한수리범위또는수리비용구간에서표준시세의일정비율만큼사고차의가치가감가된다고가정할때표준시세가높은구간에서는평균을초과하는과도한가치하락이발생할수있기때문에표준시세가높아짐에따라가치하락의크기도커지지만가치하락감소율은점차적으로낮아지는구조로설정할필요가있다. 또한사고차의가치평가는실제중고차시장의거래실태를반영해야한다. 즉사고차의손상및수리내용이나방법등에대한기술적인평가요소는실거래의가치특성에부합되고, 합리적인조화가필요하다. 이상의검토와같이사고차의가치평가에서고려해야할중요변수는수리내용과수리비용, 표준시세, 감가율등이다. 수리내용에따른감가율이일정하다고가정할때시세가높은차량은평가액이과도하게높아지게되고, 수리비만을고려하면시장가치를제대로반영하지못할뿐만아니라수리비에따른변동성이커지는결과를가져오게된다. 따라서시세와수리비의기하평균가치를수리내용에따른감가율로보정하면, 각원인변수의변동성을상쇄시키면서시세와수리비의크기에비례적으로증감되는평가가가능하다. 여기서수리내용에따른감가율은시장조사결과를반영한감가보정계수이다. 사고차의표준시세 ( 표준가격 ) 와수리비, 수리범 22 한국자동차공학회논문집제 22 권제 3 호, 2014

5 Study on Value Appraisal after the Repair of Cars Table 4 Application of value depreciation factor Fig. 5 Step of value appraisal 위와 수리방법 등의 변수를 고려하여 개발된 가치 하락 평가 모형은 식 (1)과 같고, 사고차의 가치하락 평가를 위한 단계별 절차는 Fig. 5와 같다. cos (1) 적용 예로서 사고차의 앞범퍼와 프론트패널를 교 환 수리하였고, 이때 소요된 실 수리비용( cos )이 where, : depreciation appraisal 100만원, 표준시세( )가 2000만원 이라고 가정할 cos : cost of repairs 때 수리내용에 따른 감가보정계수( )는 Table 4에 : standard market value : depreciation correction factor 식 (1)의 평가 모형에서 제안된 사고차의 감가보 정계수는 중고차시장의 거래실태 조사 결과를 바탕 으로 적용한다. 감가보정계수는 수리내용 및 범위에 따라 가치를 보정하기 위한 계수로, 사고차에 대한 시장의 실제 감가거래 비율을 평균한 수치 또는 표준 적인 감가거래 비율을 산술적으로 표시한 수치다. 의해 0.15이고, 가치평가 모형을 적용시켜 산정한 가치하락 평가액은 식 (2)와 같이 67만원이다. cos (2) 3. 결 론 Table 4는 사고차의 손상 및 수리내용(방법)에 따 본 연구는 수리후 자동차의 교환가치에 영향을 른 감가보정계수의 적용 방법을 표시한 도표이다. 미칠 수 있는 수리특성상의 물리적 요인과 가치하 예시된 감가보정계수는 사고차의 평균 감가율 또는 락 평가 요소를 기술적으로 고찰하였고, 이를 토대 B등급 사고차의 평균 감가율(약 0.15)에서 손상 및 로 사고차의 구체적인 손상상태, 수리범위, 수리방 수리범위가 비교적 큰 C등급 사고차의 최대 평균 법, 수리비용 등의 객관적인 사고 및 수리 데이터와 감가율(약 0.3)까지를 적용 범위로 설정한 것이다. 중고차시장의 거래실태 조사 자료를 반영하여 사고 실제 중고차시장 거래실태 조사에서는 사고차의 차의 가치하락 평가 모형을 개발하였다. 후드, 프론트펜더, 도어패널 등과 같은 비교적 경미 중고차시장의 거래실태 분석 결과, 복원수리가 한 외판 수리(A등급 사고차, 감가율 12.02±5.43%)만 이루어진 전체 사고차는 동일한 조건의 무사고차 으로도 시세에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석 표준시세 대비 평균 15.56±7.0% 저감된 가격으로 되고 있으나 Table 4의 손상 및 수리구분 내용은 자 매물이 형성되었다. 손상 및 수리범위가 상대적으 동차관리법에 사고차로 구분되는 수리부위만을 제 로 경미한 A등급 사고차의 평균 감가율과 표준편차 한적으로 표시한 것이다. 는 12.02±5.43%, B등급 사고차는 15.62±5.72%, C등 Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers, Vol. 22, No. 3,

6 윤대권 이해택 남일우 이헌규 김용현 윤재곤 김주영 하성용 급사고차의평균감가율과표준편차는 21.46±7.27% 인것으로분석되었다. 개발된가치평가모형은사고차의표준시세와수리비에수렴된변동율을고려하였으며, 실제중고차시장의거래실태자료와수리내용 ( 방법 ) 에따른감가보정계수를적용하여사고차의기술적인감가요소와실거래의특성을합리적으로조화시킨것으로판단된다. 다만, 연구결과의신뢰성향상을위해서는사고차의손상및수리기술에대한지속적인자료수집과평가분석을체계화하고, 중고차시장의거래실태를상시모니터링하여보다일반화시키기위한노력이지속되어야할것으로판단된다. References 1) K. H. Sung, A Study on the Purchasing Decision Criteria of Used Cars, M. S. Thesis, Chungang University, Seoul, ) S. H. Shin, The Depreciation of a Partially Destroyed Automobile after Repairs and the Measurement of Damages, Lawyers Journal, Vol.579, pp , ) FSS, Automobile Insurance Standard Terms, ) C. K. Park, A Study on Appraisal of Home Made Automobile, M. S. Thesis, Konkuk University, Seoul, ) KAIWA, Auto Appraisal, Goldenbell, Seoul, pp.85-90, ) G. H. Kim, Damageability, Repairability and Safety of Automobile at Low Speed Front and Rear Crash Test, KSAE Spring Conference Proceedings, pp , ) J. Y. Mok and Y. G. Han, Automobile Insurance Claim Adjustment Practices, Mijeon Science, Seoul, pp , ) H. S. Oh, Automobile Insurance Claim Adjustment Classes III, KART, Seoul, p.7, ) Carmart, Standard Depreciation Tables Used Car Pricing, Seoul, p.46, ) JAAA, Appraisal Method, 한국자동차공학회논문집제 22 권제 3 호, 2014

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