SC Park, et al. Effectiveness of US-guided Angiocatheter Aspiration, Irrigation and Drainage for Head and Neck Abscesses 며, 5-8 저자들도초음파유도하에비용면에서저렴한 an

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1 원저 ISSN 일산병원학술지 2017;16(2): 초음파유도하 Angiocatheter 를이용한두경부농양의흡인, 세척및배농의유용성 국민건강보험일산병원이비인후과 1, 영상의학과 2 박상철 1, 정세원 1, 남재성 1, 홍창의 1, 박준철 1, 김보미 2, 신향애 1 The Effectiveness of US-guided Angiocatheter Aspiration, Irrigation and Drainage for Head and Neck Abscesses Sang Cheol Park 1, Se Won Jeong 1, Jae Sung Nam 1, Chang Eui Hong 1, Jun Cheol Park 1, Bo Mi Kim 2, Hyang Ae Shin 1 Department of 1 Otolaryngology and 2 Radiology, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea Background: Head and neck abscess usually requires hospitalization, intravenous antibiotic therapy, and surgical incision and drainage. Open surgical drainage may result in unsightly scars. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US)-guided angiocatheter aspiration, irrigation and drainage of the head and neck abscesses, prospectively. Methods: Eighteen consecutive patients diagnosed with head and neck abscesses sized 2 cm or more were treated between April 2011 and May All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics and underwent US-guided angiocatheter aspiration, irrigation and drainage under local anesthesia. Results: The location of abscesses included unilateral neck (8 cases), parotid (4 cases), submandibular (2 cases), submental (1 case), submandibular and submental (1 case), masticator (1 case) and buccal (1 case), respectively. The mean length of hospital stay was 8.3 days, the mean length of catheter indwelling was 4.5 days and the mean length of hospital stay after procedure was 6.7 days. All patients were completely cured with this procedure without open surgical drainage. Conclusion: US-guided angiocatheter aspiration, irrigation and drainage can be a simple, easy, safe and effective alternative procedure to open surgery in the management of the selected head and neck abscess. Especially this procedure does not require general anesthesia and has the advantage of scarless method. Key Words: Head and neck abscess, Ultrasonography, Angiocatheter, Aspiration, Irrigation and drainage 서론 두경부농양은최근항생제의발달및구강위생의개선으로그빈도는많이줄었으나, 치성감염이나편도감염, 인두감염, 이물등다양한원인에의해발생하며, 1,2 심한경우주위 책임저자 : 신향애 경기도고양시일산동구일산로 100 국민건강보험일산병원이비인후과전화 : (031) , 팩스 : (031) sha0109@nhimc.or.kr * 본연구는국민건강보험일산병원의연구비지원으로이루어졌음 (NHIMC 2012CR037). 의중요기관에파급되어기도폐색등의이차적인합병증을초래할수있어즉각적인치료를요한다. 3 통상적으로입원치료를필요로하며적절한항생제치료와수술적절개및배농이주된치료법이다. 4 수술적절개는항생제가효과적으로작용하지않는경우에농양을배농할수있어빠른회복을기대할수있지만, 전신마취하에시행하는경우가많아서전신마취에따른위험부담이있고, 주요혈관이나신경및주변조직의손상을일으킬위험성이있으며, 수술후반흔으로인한미용적인문제를일으킬수있다. 최근에는두경부영역에서수술적절개없이초음파유도하 pigtail 카테터를이용해경피적배농을시행하여치료한보고들이여럿있으 Volume 16 Number 2 December

2 SC Park, et al. Effectiveness of US-guided Angiocatheter Aspiration, Irrigation and Drainage for Head and Neck Abscesses 며, 5-8 저자들도초음파유도하에비용면에서저렴한 angiocatheter를이용하여흡인, 세척및배농을통해안면부농양 1예와및이하선농양 1예를반흔없이성공적으로치료하여보고한바있다. 9 이에저자들은초음파유도하에 angiocatheter 를이용하여흡인, 세척및배농을통해치료한다양한두경부농양환자를대상으로치료효과및유용성에대해알아보고자한다. 대상및방법 1. 대상 2011년 4월부터 2014년 3월까지본원에서심경부감염으로입원한환자중경부전산화단층촬영상두경부농양으로진단받은환자중에서농양의최대지름이 2cm 이상이고초음파유도하에 angiocathter를이용하여흡인, 세척및배농을시행한후 1개월간경과관찰된환자 18명을대상으로하였다. 2. 방법심경부감염으로인한기도폐색에의한호흡곤란, 패혈증, 광범위경부농양, 괴사성근막염을동반한경부농양등으로수술적치료가필요한경우나, angiocatheter 로접근이어려운심부감염은제외하였다. 환자들의성별및연령, 농양위치및크기, 발병원인, 기저질환, 입원기간, angiocatheter 거치기간, 시술후입원기간, 사용한 angiocatheter 갯수, 균동정검사, 혈액검사결과등을분석하였다. 모든환자는입원하여정맥을통해경험적항생제 (flomoxef 1 g bid, isepamicin 200 mg bid, clindamycin 600 mg bid) 를항생제감수성결과와세균배양결과가나올때까지일차적으로사용하였다. 환자에게수술적절개및배농과초음파유도하흡인, 세척및배농의장단점을 충분히비교설명한후시행하였다. 시술은한명의영상의학과전문의및한명의이비인후과전문의에의해시행되었다. 시술을위해환자를앙와위로한후농양주위의피부를베타딘으로소독한후국소표면마취를시행하였고, 초음파의탐침은소독된비닐주머니에넣어서준비하였다. 초음파로농양의위치를확인한후에농양의중심부와주변부에각각한개씩 angiocatheter 두개를거치하였고 (Fig. 1), 화농성의농양이배액되는것을확인한후 10 cc 주사기로농양을흡인하여항생제감수성검사와세균배양검사를의뢰하였다. 항생제 (clindamycin) 을혼합한생리식염수를 angiocatheter를통해주입한후세척하고배농하여 angiocatheter 를통해배액이잘되는지확인한후에나일론봉합사를이용하여피부에고정한후드레싱을시행하였다. 하루세번세척과배농을시행하였으며세척액을한쪽 angiocatheter 로주입하고다른쪽 angiocatheter 로배액이원활하게됨을확인하였다 (Fig. 2). 배액양상이깨끗해지면 angiocatheter 를제거하였다. 호전정도를객관적으로평가하기위해입원당시와 angiocatheter 시술후염증지표를나타내는혈액백혈구 (white blood cell) 수치및 C반응성단백질 (C-reactive protein) 를검사하였고, 항생제감수성검사및세균배양검사결과를확인하여배양된균이있을경우사용하던항생제의감수성여부를확인하였다. Angiocatheter 를제거한후환자는발열이나농양의재발소견은없었고, 혈액백혈구수치및 C반응성단백질수치가호전되어퇴원하였다. 퇴원후에는경구항생제 (cefditoren 100 mg tid) 를추가로 1주일간복용한후외래에서추적관찰을하였으며, 1개월간추적관찰하여재발소견이있는지확인하였다. 3. 통계분석통계적분석은 SPSS v21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) 을 Fig. 1. Left upper neck abscess (case 16). Contrast-enhanced axial CT image (A) and neck ultrasonography (B) shows about cm sized, a multilobulated abscess in the left neck level II. Gross photograph shows two angiocatheters in situ into the abscess (C). 156 Korean Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

3 박상철외. 초음파유도하 Angiocatheter 를이용한두경부농양의흡인, 세척및배농의유용성 사용하였다. Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann-Whitney U- test를사용하였으며, p값이 0.05 이하인경우에의미가있는것으로판정하였다. 결과 환자의연령분포는 25 세부터 85 세였으며 ( 평균연령 48 세 ) Fig. 2. Photograph shows irrigation with antibiotic-containing solutions through one angiocatheter and drainage through the other (case 17). 남자 12명, 여자 6명이었다. 농양의위치는일측성림프절 (unilateral neck node) 에서 8명으로가장많았고, 이하선공간 (parotid ) 4명, 악하공간 (submandibular ) 2명, 이하공간 (submental ) 1명, 악하공간과이하공간에동시에발생한농양 1명, 저작공간 (masticator ) 1명, 협공간 (buccal ) 1명이었다 (Table 1). 농양의크기는 2cm에서 5cm으로평균 3.5 cm 이었다. 농양의발병원인은급성림프절염이가장많았고, 침샘염, 치성감염순이었다. 총 18명의환자중내과적인기저질환을갖고있는환자는 10명이었으며, 고혈압 5명, 당뇨 4명, 위암으로위아전절제술시행받은환자가 2명, 그외에간경화, 만성신부전, 빈혈, 천식환자들이있었으며, 1, 6, 12, 15 번환자처럼두개이상의기저질환을갖고있는환자도 4명이있었다. 내과적인기저질환이없는환자에비해기저질환이있는환자에서총입원일수와시술후입원일수가통계적으로유의하게길었다 (p<0.05). 그러나 angiocatheter 거치기간에따른총입원일수와시술후입원일수는두그룹간의통계학적으로차이는없었다 (Table 2). 모든환자는초음파유도하에 angiocatheter 를이용하여흡 Table 1. The characteristics of patients with abscess of the head and neck Patient No. Gender/ Age(Y) Location Size of abscess (cm) Underlying disease No. of Angio catheter Total hospital stay (day) Catheter Indwelling day (day) Hospital stay After Proce dure (day) Bacteriology WBC at admission (unit: ul) WBC after procedure (unit: ul) CRP at admission (unit: mg/dl) CRP after procedure (unit: mg/dl) 1 M/56 Buccal DM, HTN Streptococcus viridans 2 M/47 Parotid DM Streptococcus viridans 3 M/41 Submental None Enterobacter cloacae 4 M/47 Level II node Alcoholic LC, Klebsiella Hepatic failure 5 M/45 Level II node HTN No growth M/54 Parotid HTN, Gastrectomy status Streptococcus anginosus F/55 Parotid Asthma No growth M/51 Parotid 2 2 None Klebsiella F/53 Level III node None Klebsiella pneumonia 10 F/31 Level II node None Klebsiella M/62 Submandibular HTN Gram-positive bacilli 12 F/85 Masticator CRF, IDA No growth F/44 Level II node None No growth M/40 Submandibular 15 M/52 Level III node DM, HTN, Gastrectomy status None Streptococcus viridans Klebsiella M/25 Level II node None No growth F/36 Level I node None No growth M/41 Submandibular & Submental DM Streptococcus viridans, Volume 16 Number 2 December

4 SC Park, et al. Effectiveness of US-guided Angiocatheter Aspiration, Irrigation and Drainage for Head and Neck Abscesses Table 2. A comparison of hospital stay day between none medical disease group and underlying medical disease group None medical Hx group (n=8) Underlying medical disease group (n=10) p-value Total hospital stay (Mean days) * Hospital stay after procedure (Mean days) * Catheter Indwelling days (Mean days) Mann-Whitney U-test was used. *denotes statistical significance. Fig. 3. Pre-procedure photograph (A) and post-procedure photograph (B) (case 17). Table 3. A comparison of hospital stay day between one angiocatheter group and two angiocatheters group One angiocatheter group (n=5) Two angiocatheters group (n=13) p-value Total hospital stay (Mean days) Hospital stay after procedure (Mean days) Catheter Indwelling days (Mean days) Mann-Whitney U-test was used. 인, 세척및배농후즉각적인임상적인증상과이학적소견 ( 종창, 경화등 ) 상의호전을보였다 (Fig. 3). Angiocatheter 거치기간은평균 4.5일 (3-7일) 이었고 angiocatheter 시술후입원기간은평균 6.7일 (5-13일 ), 총입원기간은평균 8.3일 (5-16일 ) 이었다. 입원기간이가장길었던 12번환자의경우세척과배농을통해우측저작공간의종창증상이호전되어시술 7일째에 angiocatheter 를제거하였으나, 85세의고령으로철결핍성빈혈과만성신부전을기저질환으로갖고있었으며, 폐부종과저나트륨혈증등의내과적인문제가동반되어입원기간이길었다. 저자들은시술초기환자 5명에게는 angiocatheter 1개를농양에거치시켜세척과배농을시행하였으나, 세척시농양부위에압력이가해져통증이유발되는단점이발생하여이후 13명의환자에서는 angiocatheter 2개를거치시켰고, 한곳을통해세척액을주입하면다른한곳으로세척액이배액됨으로써농양부위에압력이덜가해짐으로써환자의주관적 Table 4. A comparison of mean WBC, CRP count between at admission and after procedure At admission After procedure p-value WBC (mean) (ul) 10,968 6,520 <0.001 * CRP (mean) (mg/dl) <0.001 * Wilcoxon signed rank test was used, * denotes statistical significance. 인통증을줄일수있었다. 1개의 angiocatheter 를사용했을때보다 2개의 angiocatheter 를사용했을때상대적으로배농이더잘이루어졌으나, 전체입원기간, 시술후입원기간, angiocather 거치기간에있어서는두그룹간의통계학적인차이는없었다 (Table 3). 12명의환자에서균이배양되었고, 이중 5명에서 Klebsiella, 4명에서 Streptococcus viridians, 그외 Streptococcus angiosus, Enterobacter cloacae, Gram-positive bacilli 158 Korean Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

5 박상철외. 초음파유도하 Angiocatheter 를이용한두경부농양의흡인, 세척및배농의유용성 가배양되었다. 배양된균주가모두기존의경험적항생제에감수성이있어서항생제의교체는필요하지않았다. 백혈구수치는내원시평균 10,968/ul에서시술후평균 6,520/ul 으로, C 반응성단백질은평균 8.14 mg/dl 에서시술후평균 0.88 mg/dl으로두지표모두통계학적으로유의하게시술후에호전을보였다 (p<0.05) (Table 4). 초음파유도하에흡인, 세척및배농하는과정에서혈관이나신경손상등의합병증은발생하지않았으며, 경부농양이호전되지않아수술적치료로전환된환자는없었다. Angiocatheter 제거후피부의상처는 2일이내에치유되었고, 퇴원후평균 1주간의경구항생제를투여하였다. 1개월이상외래경과관찰하였으며, 농양이재발된환자는없었다. 고찰 두경부농양의치료는적절한항생제치료와수술적절개및배농이주된치료법이다. 4 전신마취의위험요소가있는환자에서수술적절개및배농은시행부담이있고경동맥, 경정맥, 뇌신경, 식도등의주요주변구조물의손상가능성이있으며, 피부절개와농양의파열에따라수술부위와창상의감염가능성이있다. 3 수술후수술적절개로인한반흔형성의미용적인문제도간과할수없다. 또한당뇨나면역저하환자의경우창상치유에오랜시간이걸릴수있다. 3 수술적절개없이보존적인치료법으로두경부농양을치료하기위해초음파유도하에일회성으로 needle 로흡인하는방법 10,11 이나, 초음파유도하에 pigtail 카테터를이용하여경피적배농을시행하는방법이보고된바있다. 5-8 이는수술적절개및배농에비해흉터나창상감염, 수술적합병증을피할수있는장점이있어그임상적가치가크다고할수있다. 하지만일회성으로천자만시행하는경우는농양이다시생길가능성이있으며, 추가적인천자가필요하며, 재시행할때환자의불편함을다시감수해야한다는단점이있다. Pigtail 카테터를이용하는경우카테터를거치시켜지속적인배농을기대할수있으나, pigtail 카테터는구부러지거나꼬이기쉽고음압을이용하여배농을시도할때조직파편에의해사이드홀이막히는경우가있다. 7 이에저자들은 pigtail 카테터보다비용면에서저렴하면서도정맥주사시에널리이용되는 Angiocatheter 를이용하여농양을치료하고자하였다. Angiocatheter를이용하여농양을흡인한후농양내에 angiocatheter를거치시키고지속적으로세척및배농을함으로써빠르게염증과농양을줄일수있고, 세척을하지않는동안에도 angiocatheter 를통한농의배액을유도할수있다. 또한시술 이비교적쉽고간단하고안전하면, 환자에게반흔을남기지않으며, 특히비용면에서저렴하다는장점이있다. 농양으로인한기도폐쇄의위험성이없다면전신마취를시행하기어려운환자에서도유용한치료방법이다. 11 한가지주의할점은드레싱도중 catheter 의일부가빠지지않도록세심한드레싱이필요하다. 본연구에서 5번환자와 9번환자에서드레싱도중 catheter 일부가빠져나와재삽입하였다. 농양이액화화 (liquefaction) 되지않은경우에는항생제치료를하면서농양이충분히액화화되면시술을하는것이효과적이다. 두경부농양을유발하는가장흔한균주는대부분혼합성이지만, 2,3 호기성균중에서는 Streptococcus가, 혐기성균으로는 Bacteroids, Peptostreptococcus가대부분을차지한다고알려져있으며, 이들은구강균총으로정상점막이파손될경우독성을갖게된다. 당뇨가있는환자에서는 Klebsiella 가가장흔한균으로보고된연구결과도있다. 12 본증례에서도 Klebsiella 와 Streptococcus 가많은비율로동정되었다. 18명중 66% 인 12명에서만세균배양이되었는데, 균동정률이떨어지는것은균검사이전에항생제사용과혐기성균주의동정이이루어지지않아서동정이떨어진것으로보인다. 두경부농양은면역력이저하되거나당뇨, 고혈압, 간경화, 결핵등의전신질환을가진환자에서유병률이높게나타나며, 2,13 특히당뇨가있는경우임상경과가더급진적이고입원기간이길며합병증발생빈도가높은것으로알려져있다. 12 본연구에서도전신질환을가진환자에서총입원일수와시술후입원일수가통계적으로유의하게길었다. 본연구는대상군이크지않으며, 초음파유도하 angiocatheter를이용한흡인, 세척및배농을시행한것만분석하였기때문에수술적절개및배농술을시행한경우와비교하여입원기간, 합병증등을비교할수없었으나, 무작위비교연구에의하면수술적절개와배농을했을때보다초음파유도하에배농했을때환자의평균입원기간이 2일적었고, 총환자부담비용도 41% 적었다는보고가있다. 14 추후두경부농양의치료로수술적절개와배농을한그룹과초음파유도하 angiocatheter 를이용하여흡인, 세척및배농을한그룹간에농양의위치와크기를대응하여입원기간과합병증등의비교분석을하는연구가필요할것으로판단된다. 결론적으로초음파유도하에 angiocatheter 를이용한두경부농양의흡인, 세척및배농은전신마취를피할수있으며, Volume 16 Number 2 December

6 SC Park, et al. Effectiveness of US-guided Angiocatheter Aspiration, Irrigation and Drainage for Head and Neck Abscesses 시술이비교적쉽고간단하고안전하며, 비용면에서저렴하다는장점이있으며, 환자에게반흔을남기지않아좋은결과를기대할수있을것으로판단된다. 농양이충분히형성된환자에서적용가능하며, 심경부감염으로인한기도폐쇄의위험성이없다면전신마취를시행하기어려운환자에서도선택적으로적용할수있는유용한시술이다. REFERENCES 1. Sethi DS, Stanley RE. Deep neck abscesses--changing trends. J Laryngol Otol 1994;108(2): Parhiscar A, Har-El G. Deep neck abscess: a retrospective review of 210 cases. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110(11): Osborn TM, Assael LA, Bell RB. Deep neck infection: principles of surgical management. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2008;20(3): Barratt GE, Koopmann CF,Jr, Coulthard SW. Retropharyngeal abscess--a ten-year experience. Laryngoscope 1984;94(4): Chang KP, Chen YL, Hao SP, Chen SM. Ultrasound-guided closed drainage for abscesses of the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005;132(1): Yeow KM, Liao CT, Hao SP. US-guided needle aspiration and catheter drainage as an alternative to open surgical drainage for uniloculated neck abscesses. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2001;12 (5): Han KY, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim JY, Shim BS, Song YJ. Ultrasonography guided percutaneous aspiration and drainage of deep neck abscesses. Korean J Otolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2009;52: Ochi K, Ogino S, Fukamizu K, Yazaki H, Ohashi T, Ashida H, et al. US-guided drainage of deep neck abscess. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 1996;522: Roh KJ, Suh MJ, Park SC, Kim HJ, Kim BM, Shin HA. Two Cases of Ultrasound-guided angiocatheter irrigation and drainage of the head and neck abscesses. Korean J Head and Neck Oncology 2011;27(2): Baek MY, Park KH, We JH, Park SE. Needle aspiration as therapeutic management for suppurative cervical lymphadenitis in children. Korean J Pediatr 2010;53: Al-Belasy FA. Ultrasound-guided drainage of submasseteric abscesses. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(1): Chen MK, Wen YS, Chang CC, Lee HS, Huang MT, Hsiao HC. Deep neck infections in diabetic patients. Am J Otolaryngol 2000;21(3): Levitt GW. Cervical fascia and deep neck infections. Laryngoscope 1970;80(3): Biron VL, Kurien G, Dziegielewski P, Barber B, Seikaly H. Surgical vs ultrasound-guided drainage of deep neck abscesses: a randomized controlled trial: surgical vs ultrasound drainage. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013;42:18, Korean Journal of National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital

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