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1 J Korean Balance Soc 2008;7(1):22-32 뇌자기공명촬영을이용한중뇌부동안신경속배열의 3차원모델 순천향대학교의과대학부천병원신경과학교실 1, 순천향대학교의과대학천안병원신경과학교실 2 박정호 1, 정두신 2, 박선아 1, 이태경 1, 성기범 1 3-D Model of The Oculomotor Fascicular Arrangement Within The Midbrain Using Brain MRI Jeong-Ho Park, MD 1, Du-Shin Jeong, MD 2, Sun-Ah Park, MD, PhD 1, Tae-Kyeong Lee, MD, PhD 1, Ki-Bum Sung, MD, PhD 1 Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital 1, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital 2 Background and Purpose: The oculomotor nerve fascicles arise along its entire length and sweep ventrally to exit the midbrain at the medial edge of the crus cerebri. A rostro-caudal topography among the fascicular fibers is relatively well established. There are, however, some controversies whether medio-lateral topography also exists. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records and MRI of the 8 patients showing isolated oculomotor nerve palsy due to midbrain infarction. Brain MRI was performed using a 1.5-T magnet with 2mm thickness and 0.1 mm slice interval. The anterior-posterior axis(x) was defined as the midline crossing the center of the cerebral aqueduct and the medio-lateral axis(y) as the line crossing the same point. For rostro-caudal measurement, the intercommissural line was used as base line of the Z axis. The location of the lesions was defined by measuring actual distance of the margins of the lesions in millimeter from each axis; anterior, right, and caudal direction was defined as positive values in X, Y and Z coordinates, respectively. Results: The mean values and range of the X, Y and Z are as follows: X=7.56±4.34, 1 X 15; Y=3.43±1.37, 0 Y 6; Z=6.51±3.91, 0 Z Conclusions: The distribution of all the MRI lesions was 0 Y 6 (mm), 0 Z 12.5 (mm) in mediolateral and rostrocaudal direction respectively, which is almost the same as the previously reported divergent range of the oculomotor fascicles in midbrain tegmentum. We suggest that our method of three dimensional measurements of the MRI lesion in midbrain tegmentum could be a useful tool for the study of oculomotor fascicular arrangement. Key Words : Oculomotor nerve, Midbrain, MRI 교신저자 : 성기범 , 경기도부천시원미구중동 1174 순천향대학교부천병원신경과 Tel: , Fax: sungkb@schbc.ac.kr 서론동안신경 (oculomotor nerve) 은외안근인내직근 (medial rectus; MR), 눈꺼풀올림근 (levator palpebrae; LP), 22

2 박정호외 4 인 상직근 (superior rectus; SR), 하사근 (inferior oblique; IO), 하직근 (inferior rectus; IR) 과내안근인동공수축근 (pupil constrictor, P) 을지배한다. 동안신경핵복합체 (oculomotor nuclear complex) 는상구 (superior colliculi) 근처실비우스수도관주변흑질부 (periaqueductal gray matter) 의전방 복측 (anterior ventral) 에위치하며, 뒤맞교차 (posterior commissure) 에서부터도르래신경핵 (trochlear nucleus) 까지문미측으로 (rostrocaudally) 뻗어있는상하로긴원뿔모양의구조로되어있다. 이러한동안신경핵복합체는쌍을이루지않은하나의기둥 (column) 과쌍을이룬네개의기둥으로이루어져있다. 쌍을이루는기둥중가장내측의아핵 (subnuclei) 은반대편상직근을지배하며, 외측에위치하는세개의아핵들은동측외안근을지배하는데, 가장뒤쪽에있는아핵은하직근을, 중간에있는아핵 (intermediate subnuclei) 은하사근을지배한다. 1-7 과거에는가장앞쪽에있는아핵이내직근을지배할것으로생각되어왔지만최근의연구에의하면내직근을지배하는신경원들은동안신경핵내의서로다른세곳에 subgroup A, B, C로나뉘어져있음이밝혀졌다. 2 중앙의쌍을이루고있지않은기둥은동안신경핵복합체의가장후상방에위치하는 Edinger-Westphal핵과후하방에위치하는 caudal central핵으로이루어져있다. 5,6 이처럼동안신경핵복합체의해부학적구조는 retrograde tracer substance를이용한 labeling 기법이나 2 horseradish peroxidase를이용한 transport 기법을통한동물실험, 3 혹은사후부검과같은방법을통해 5,6 어느정도그구조가알려졌지만각아핵에서출발한동안신경속 (oculomotor fascicles) 의중뇌피개부 (midbrain tegmentum) 에서의국소적배열 (topography) 은잘알려져있지않으며, 주로증례연구에기초한 2차원, 3차원모델만이제안되었다 그러나최근들어영상학적기술발전에의해미세뇌간부병변확인이보다용이해지면서동안신경속의구조를밝히는데많은도움이되고있다. 13 단독 (isolated) 동안신경마비는해부학적으로동안신경핵, 신경속, 8,20 지주막하공간, 해면정맥동, 상안와열, 안와내를침범하는어떤병변에의해서도생길수있으나일반적으로는당뇨, 뇌동맥류, 혹은뇌막염등에의해발생하며단독중뇌부뇌졸중 (isolated midbrain stroke) 에의해발생하는경우는드물다. 8,11-15 본연구에서는단독동안신경마비가중뇌부뇌경색에의해발생한 8명의뇌자기공명영상에서병변들의해부학적위치를 3차원적좌표로비교함으로써중뇌피개부동안신경속배열을보다정확히알아보고자하였고, 기존의모델과의비교분석을통해뇌자기공명사진의계측을통한좌표화방법의유용성에대하여알아보고자하였다. 대상및방법본연구에서는 2002년 6월부터 2005년 10월까지순천향대학교부천병원신경과에단독동안신경마비로진단된 17명중동안신경마비의원인이뇌자기공명촬영상단독중뇌부뇌경색 (isolated midbrain infarction) 으로밝혀진 10명을대상으로하였다. 이들중안구운동검사 ( 안구운동사진기록, Red glass test, Hess test, Prism test) 가충분히시행되지않았던 2명을제외하였으며신경학적검사상안구운동장애는핵상마비의증거가없으며동안신경마비를제외한다른뇌신경학적증상이나운동증상, 감각증상, 소뇌증상및고위피질기능장애가없는환자 8명 ( 남자 3명, 여자 5 명 ) 이최종선택되었다. 동공검사상 1.5 mm 이상부동시를보이는동공산대가있으면서직접대광반사와간접대광반사검사상동공수축반응이없거나지연되는경우동공이침범된것으로하였으며, 눈꺼풀올림근마비는정면을바라볼때의눈꺼풀틈새 (palpebral fissure) 의길이가 8 mm 이하인경우 ( 정상은 9~12 mm) 로정의하였다. 모든환자의뇌자기공명영상은 1.5- Tesla General Electric Signa Unit를이용하여 T2- (repetition time 2,500 msec; echo time, 80 msec) weighted axial and coronal image를얻었다. Axial image는정중시상단면 (midsaggital section) 에서 anterior commissure와 posterior commissure를잇는가상선 (intercommissural line) 을기준으로중뇌시작부쪽으로평행하게내려가며단면두께 (slice thickness) 2 mm, 각단면사이간격 0.1 mm로촬영하여 6개의사진을얻었다 (Fig. 1). 중뇌병변의평면상에서좌표화를위하여병변이존재하는각횡단면 (axial plane) 에서실비우스수도관 (aqueduct of Sylvius) 과중뇌다리사이오목 (interpeduncular fossa) 을좌우로이등분하는직선 (X) 을긋고, 23

3 3D-Model of Oculomotor Fascicles in Midbrain Fig. 1. T2-weighted axial and coronal MR images of the patients. Fig. 2A. Measuring method in the axial plane. The anterior-posterior axis(x) is defined as a midline crossing the center of the cerebral aqueduct and the medio-lateral axis(y) as a line crossing the same point. The distance of the lesion was measured in millimeter from the each axis. In this patient, the range of the lesion measured by this method is 4 mm X 9 mm and 0 mm Y 6 mm. 실비우스수도관을전후로이등분하는직선 (Y) 을그은후, 두직선의교차점을기준으로전방으로의방향을양의 X값으로, 우측으로의방향을양의 Y값으로하여, 밀리미터 (mm) 단위로병변의범위를실측하였다 (Fig. 2A). 병변의위치에대한 3차원적분석을위해 intercommissural line을기준선으로하여하방으로평행하게내려가며중뇌가시작되는곳으로부터시작하 여병변이존재하는단면까지의단면 (slice) 수를세어제1단면은 0에서 -2, 제2단면은 -2에서 -4,, 제6단면은 -10에서 -12 ( 단위 mm) 로설정한후단면사이간격인 -0.1mm씩을더하여이를 Z값의범위로하였다 (Fig. 2B); n번째단면에병변이존재한다고가정하면, 2(n-1)+0.1(n-1) Z 2n+0.1(n-1). 이렇게하여얻어진각병변에대한 X, Y, Z 의분포를알기위해 24

4 박정호외 4 인 Fig. 2B. Measuring method in the saggital plane. The white dotted line(*) represents the intercommissural line crossing the anterior and posterior commissures. The red dotted lines are parallel to intercommissural line. Range of the Z value can be calculated as follows; 2(n-1)+ 0.1(n-1) mm Z 2n+0.1(n-1) mm where n is order of the slices from the intercommissural line. IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP, levator palpebrae; MR, medial rectus; P, pupil constrictor; SR, superior rectus Fig. 3. Range of X of the lesions. X, Y, Z 축각각에대하여범위의중앙값들의평균과표준편차를구하였고각각의축에서의최소값과최대값의범위를구하였다. 병변의 3차원적위치평가를위해 X 9 mm인경우배측피개부병변으로구분하였고, 0 mm Y 3 mm인경우내측병변으로, 3 mm Y 6 mm인경우외측병변으로구분하였으며, 0 mm Z 4 mm이면상부중뇌 (Upper midbrain), 4 mm Z 8 mm이면중간중뇌 (middle midbrain), 8 mm Z 12 mm이면하부중뇌 (lower midbrain) 로병변의위치를 각각구분하였다 (Fig. 3-5). 그리고 Castro 등이제시한배열과 Ksiazek 등이제시한배열을본연구결과와비교하였다. 결과 1. 연구대상환자는모두 8명으로남자 3명여자 5 명이었고, 평균연령은 56.1±11.6세이었다. 고혈압이있었던환자는 5명, 고지혈증을가진환자는 3명, 당 25

5 3D-Model of Oculomotor Fascicles in Midbrain IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP, levator palpebrae; MR, medial rectus; P, pupil constrictor; SR, superior rectus Fig. 4. Range of Y of the lesions. IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP. levator palpebrae; MR, medial rectus; P, pupil constrictor; SR, superior rectus Fig. 5. Range of Z of the lesions. 뇨병이있었던환자는 1명이었다. 단일외안근마비만을보인경우는 2명으로각각하사근마비 (Patient 2) 와하직근마비 (Patient 7) 가있었다. 2개의외안근마비가있었던환자는한명으로내직근과눈꺼풀올림근마비가함께나타났다 (Patient 1). 3개의외안근마비가있었던환자는 2명으로 (Patient 3 and 6) 공히상직근, 하사근, 눈꺼풀올림근마비가함께있었다. 동공수축근마비를보인환자는1명으로하직근과내직근마비가병발되었다. 5개외안근마비가있었던환자는 1명이었다. 뇌자기공명촬영상마비를설명할수있는중뇌병변이이들모두에서확인되었다 (Fig. 1). 각환자에따른침범된외안근및동공침범유무를정리하면 Table 1과같다. 26

6 박정호외 4 인 Table 1. Characteristics of the patients. No. Sex/ Age Pupillary dilatation Involved extra ocular muscles Associated factors 1 F/50 LP, MR HL, HTN 2 M/36 IO 3 F/71 IO, LP, SR DM, HL, HTN 4 F/71 + IR, MR HL, HTN 5 M/60 IO, IR, LP, MR, SR HTN 6 F/57 IO, LP, SR HTN 7 M/55 IR 8 F/49 IO, MR DM, diabetes mellitus; HL, hyperlipidemia; HTN, hypertension; IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP, levator palpebrae; MR. medial rectus; SR, superior rectus Table 2. Range of the X, Y, and Z values of the lesions. Involved ocular muscles X Y Z Pt 1 LP, MR 9~11 4~6 10.5~12.5 Pt 2 IO 13~15 5~6 10.5~12.5 Pt 3 IO, LP, SR 10~13 3~6 4.2~8.3 Pt 4 IR, MR, Pupil 2~ 6 0~6 0~6.2 Pt 5 IO, IR, LP, MR, SR 4~ 9 0~6 4.2~10.4 Pt 6 IO, LP, SR 6~13 0~4 6.3~10.4 Pt 7 IR 6 2~3 2.1~4.1 Pt 8 IO, MR 1~ 3 1~3 0~2 ( 단위 mm) IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP, levator palpebrae; MR, medial rectus; Pupil, pupil constrictor; SR, superior rectus 2. 뇌자기공명사진위에전술한방법에따라좌표를설정하고좌표상기준점으로부터앞쪽, 오른쪽, 위쪽을양의값으로하여측정한각병변의 X, Y, Z 값의범위는다음과같다 (Table 2); Patient 1, 9 X 11, -6 Y -4, Z -10.5; Patient 2, 13 X 15, -6 Y -5, Z -10.5; Patient 3, 10 X 13, 3 Y 6, -8.3 Z -4.2; Patient 4, 2 X 6, 0 Y 6, -6.2 Z 0; Patient 5, 4 X 9, 0 Y 6, Z -4.2; Patient 6, 6 X 13, 0 Y 4, Z -6.3; Patient 7, X=6, 2 Y 3, -4.1 Z -2.1; Patient 8, 1 X 3, 1 Y 3, -2 Z 0. 모든환자들의 X, Y, Z 값의평균 1SD과범위는각각다음과같다 (Figure 3-5); X= 7.56±4.34, 1 X 15; Y =3.43±1.37, 0 Y 6; Z =6.51± 3.91, 0 Z 12.5 ( 단위 mm). 3. 전체병변의좌우방향 ( Y ) 및상하방향 ( Z ) 으로의범위는 0 mm Y 6 mm, 0 mm Z 12.5 mm이었고 이는기존에발표된중뇌피개부에서동안신경속의실제해부학적발산범위와근사하였다. 4. Y의절대값이 3 이상이었던 ( Y 3 mm) 외측병변들에서는동공수축근과하직근마비가나타나지않았으며, 동공수축근마비를보인병변의 Y 범위는 0 에서 6 (mm), 하직근단독마비를보인병변의 Y 범위는 2에서 3 (mm) 으로측정되어, 동공수축근과하직근의축삭은내측에위치하며, 동공수축근축삭이보다더내측에위치하였다. 5. 단독외안근마비를보인 2개의병변중, 외측에위치한 (5 mm Y 6 mm) 병변은하사근마비를, 내측에위치한 (2 mm Y 3 mm) 병변은하직근마비를보였다. 따라서, 하사근축삭이하직근축삭보다더외측에위치하는것으로생각되었다. 27

7 3D-Model of Oculomotor Fascicles in Midbrain 6. 하직근단독마비를보인병변의 Z 범위는 2.1 mm에서 4.1 mm 사이, 하직근마비에동반되어동공수축근마비가나타난병변의 Z 범위는 0 mm에서 6.2 mm 사이로측정되어, 동공수축근과하직근의축삭은모두상부에위치하였으며, 특히동공수축근으로가는축삭이가장상부에위치하였다. 7. 눈꺼풀올림근마비가있었던 4개의병변전체의 Z 범위는 4.2 mm Z 12.5 mm으로, 눈꺼풀올림근축삭은중하부중뇌를통과하는것으로생각되었다. 8. 중뇌피개부동안신경속배열에대한연구에뇌자기공명사진계측법은유용한도구로사용될수있을것으로기대한다. 고 부분 (partial) 동안신경마비는드물지만중뇌의동안신경핵이나신경속을침범하는병변에의해발생할수있다. 동안신경핵복합체는상부중뇌상구근처의실비우스수도관복측 (ventral to the aqueduct of Sylvius) 중심부 (midline) 에위치하며쌍을이룬 4개의 somatic cell columns와쌍을이루지않은하나의 cell column이전체적으로 V자형태의구조를하고있다. 1,3,6-8 동안신경핵아핵들의배열은위에서아래로순서대로최상부에부교감신경핵이위치하며그아래로하직근아핵 (dorsal column에해당 ) 과하사근아핵 (intermediate column에해당 ) 이위치하며가장아래쪽에는 caudal-central핵과상직근아핵 (medial column에해당 ) 이배열되어있으며내직근아핵 (ventral column에해당 ) 은가장복측에위치하는 subgroup A를포함하여동안신경핵내부의 3곳에나뉘어분포한다. 1-9 내직근, 하사근, 하직근아핵으로부터기시하는신경섬유는동측의외안근을지배하는데, 상직근아핵에서기시하는신경섬유는동안신경핵하 1/3 지점에서반대쪽으로건너간다음동안신경을따라주행하여반대편상직근에도달하게된다. 5,9 동안신경핵복합체의미측 1/3 위치의중심부에있는 caudal central nucleus는반대쪽으로건너가는신경섬유와건너가지않는신경섬유모두를가지고있어서양측의눈꺼풀올림근을 찰 지배하게된다. 1 동안신경핵복합체의위쪽을덮고있는 Edinger-Westphal nucleus는처음에는 2개의분리된세포군으로되어있다가문측으로가면서하나로연결되는구조로전체 somatic cell columns의문측 3/5 위치를차지하며동측 ciliary ganglion에연결된다. 4 동안신경핵복합체에서기시된동안신경속은내측종속 (medial longitudinal fiber) 을통과하여적핵 (red nucleus), 흑질 (substantia nigra), 대뇌다리 (cerebral peduncle) 내측모서리 (medial edge) 를통해지주막하공간으로빠져나오는데, 내측종속을통과하면서처음에는횡방향으로 6 mm, 종방향으로 10 mm까지펼쳐졌다가중뇌다리내측모서리로빠져나오기직전에다시수렴되어동안신경근을형성한다. 7,8,11,14 본연구의결과에서도부분동안신경마비를유발한중뇌피개부병변들은횡단면상의실비우스수도관에서외측으로 6 mm 이내의범위에서관찰되었으며 (Fig. 4), intercommissural line을기준으로하방 12.5 mm 이내의범위에존재하였는데 (Fig. 5), 이는실제동안신경속의알려진평균발산범위 ((0 mm Y 6 mm, 0 mm Z 10 mm) 와유사한결과를보였다. 따라서, 뇌자기공명사진을이용한중뇌부미세병변의계측화방법이동안신경속배열을연구하는데유용한도구가될수도있을것으로생각된다. 7,8,14 일반적으로동안신경속마비는소뇌실조, 이상운동증, 혹은편마비등과함께나타나는것이보통이지만드물게다른뇌신경학적증상없이순수동안신경마비가나타나는경우가있다. 6 이처럼동안신경이지배하는외안근들과동공수축근중에서일부만을선택적으로침범하는경우동안신경속의 intra-axial topographic arrangement의존재를시사하는임상적증거가될수있는데예를들어, 단독하사근마비만이나타난경우, 10 다른신경학적증상없이나타나는일측동공산대, 하직근과동공의침범없이하사근, 상직근, 내직근그리고눈꺼풀올림근마비가함께나타난경우 (reference) 동공침범을제외한모든외안근마비가함께있는경우 (reference) 에대한보고들에기초하여동안신경속의수평적배열에대한논의가이루어지게되었는데 1990년 Castro 등 (reference) 은눈꺼풀올림근마비를동반하지않은내직근마비는보고된적이없었으며눈꺼풀올림근과내직근마비가밀접하게연관되어나타난점과 14 뇌동맥류와동반되어나타나는 28

8 박정호외 4 인 IO, inferior oblique; IR, inferior rectus; LP, levator palpebrae; MR, medial rectus; Pupil, pupil constrictor; SR, superior rectus Fig. 6. Oculomotor fascicular arrangement of the Castro s model. The striped black bars are the cases, including our cases and other reported cases which are in good accordance with the proposed model, 10 whereas the stripped red bars are not. The stippled red bars in patient 3 and 4, representing saved axons in the midst of a single continuous lesion, could be a proof that this model has a fallacy; the position of the LP and MR are mispositioned. Refer to text for further explanation. Fig. 7A. The proposed 3-dimensional model of Ksiazek and associates. 11 이상신경재생 (aberrant regeneration) 에의한동시운동 (synkinesia) 이하직근과눈꺼풀올림근사이에서보다더많이나타난다는연구결과 (reference) 를근거로복측피개부에서의동안신경속배열을내측에서부터외측으로동공수축근, 하직근, 눈꺼풀올림근, 내직근, 상직근, 하사근을지배하는신경섬유순서로추정하였다. 이후동안신경상분지 (superior divisional) 마비또 는하분지 (inferior divisional) 마비가중뇌피개부병변에의해발생한증례들이보고되면서 16 상기수평적배열로는상직근과눈꺼풀올림근사이에내직근이끼어있어중뇌동안신경속병변에의한상분지마비를설명하기어렵다는이유로 6,11,18 새로운가설이필요하게되었으며, 이후눈꺼풀올림근을지배하는신경섬유가처음모델에서보다더외측인내직근신경섬유 29

9 3D-Model of Oculomotor Fascicles in Midbrain Fig. 7B. The location of the lesions in the YZ plane (red rectangle) and involved muscles of the patients. IO, lower lateral; IR, MR, and Pupil, upper; IO, IR, LP, MR, and SR, lower; IR, upper medial. Refer to text for further explanation. 와상직근신경섬유사이에존재하는것으로수정되기도하였다. 17 본연구에서 Patient 1, 2, 3은병변의 X값이 9 mm 이상으로 Castro 등이제안한 2차원배열에근거가된복측피개부병변으로생각되는데, 이들병변의 Y 는모두 3 mm 이상의외측병변으로동공수축근과하직근은침범되지않아상기두개의근육을지배하는축삭은내측에위치한다는 Castro의모델과일치하였다 (Fig. 6). 그런데동공수축근을침범한 Patient 4의병 변은 0 mm Y 6 mm이었으며, 단독하직근마비를보인 Patient 7의병변은 2 mm Y 3 mm으로내측은보존되어있었으므로, 동공수축근으로가는축삭이하직근으로가는축삭보다내측에위치한다고추정할수있었다. 단독외안근마비를보인 2개의병변중, 하사근마비를보인 Patient 2의병변의 Y 범위는 5 mm Y 6 mm, 하직근마비를보인 Patient 7의병변의 Y 범위는 2 mm Y 3 mm으로측정되어, 하사근축삭이하직근축삭보다더외측에위치하는것으로 30

10 박정호외 4 인 생각되었다 (Fig. 7B). Fig. 7A처럼 Ksiazek 등은 11 처음에는동공산대와하직근마비가주된증상으로발현된이후내직근마비와눈꺼풀올림근마비로진행된두명의환자와이와유사한증례분석을통해동안신경속의수직적배열을추가한새로운모델을제시하였다. 단독하사근마비만을보인 Patient 2의병변은 10.5 mm Z 12.5 mm 로측정되어하사근으로가는축삭은하부중뇌를지나고, 단독하직근마비를보인 Patient 7의병변은 2.1 mm Z 4.1 mm로측정되어상부중뇌를지나, Ksiazek 의 3차원모델 11 과일치하였다 (Fig. 7B). 그런데동공수축근을침범한 Patien 4의병변은 0 mm Z 6.2 mm 로측정되었고, 이는상부중뇌의병변이지만동공수축근이침범되지않은 Patient 7의병변보다상부에위치하므로, 동공수축근으로가는축삭은가장상부에위치한다고추정할수있었으며이또한 Ksiazek의 3차원모델과일치하였다 (Fig. 7B). Patient 4와 Patient 5는병변의 Y 값의범위가 0에서 6 mm로서로같지만동공침범이있었던 Patient 4는상부중뇌병변이었으며 (0 mm Z 6 mm), 안검하수를보인 Patient 5는하부중뇌병변으로 (4 mm Z 10 mm), 이는동공침범은주로상부중뇌병변에서, 눈꺼풀올림근침범은주로하부중뇌병변에서나타난다는여러보고들과일치되는소견이라생각된다. 4,13 눈꺼풀올림근마비가있었던 4개병변의 Z 의범위는 4.2 mm에서 12.5 mm이므로이근육으로가는축삭은주로중뇌중하부에위치한다고추정되었다 (Fig. 7B). 한편병변이알려진동안신경속좌우범위전체에걸쳐있는 Patient 4 (0 mm Y 6 mm) 에서 Castro 등의모델 10 과달리하직근과내직근사이에존재하는눈꺼풀올림근, 상직근, 하사근이보존된점은 (Fig. 6), 병변의 Z 범위가 0 mm에서 6 mm에이르는상중부중뇌병변으로, 상기 3개의외안근으로가는축삭은하부에위치하는 Ksiazek의 3차원모델 11 로설명이가능하다고할수있다 (Fig. 7B). 내직근이침범될수있는외측, 중부, 전방중뇌병변인 Patient 3에서 Castro의모델에서눈꺼풀올림근과상직근사이에존재하는내직근이보존된사실은 (Fig. 6), 1) Ksiazek의 3차원모델에서처럼내직근으로가는축삭은넓은범위에걸쳐퍼져있으므로일부가보존되었을것으로해석하거나, 2) Castro의 2차원모델에서주장하는눈꺼풀올 림근과내직근의위치에는오류가있다는 16,18 주장처럼실제로는내직근이눈꺼풀올림근보다내측에위치하면설명될수있다. 두가지가능성중 2) 번이론이 Patient 3뿐만아니라앞서언급한 Patient 4에서눈꺼풀올림근이침범되지않은사실을설명할수있으므로보다설득력이있어보인다. 기존동안신경속의해부학적모델은주로앞쪽중뇌병변환자를분석하여개발되었지만, 정확한해부학적배열을알아내기위해서는본연구처럼내외측거리와상하위치관계뿐만아니라실비우스수도관에서복측으로의전후거리도중요한의미가있을것으로생각된다. 연구대상환자의수가적은점, 개체마다중뇌의미세형태와크기가일정하지않으며이에대한표준화된계측치가없어모든개체에적용되는일정한좌표계를설정시발생되는오차가존재할수있다는점이본연구의제한점이지만, 향후중뇌부크기와위치에대한영상학적계측방법의개발및표준화, 보다많은환자를분석하면, 저자들이제시한뇌자기공명사진중뇌부계측을이용한 3차원좌표화법은동안신경속배열을밝히는데많은도움을줄수있을것으로기대하는바이다. 중심단어 : 동안신경, 중뇌, 자기공명영상 REFERENCES 1. Warwick R. Representation of the extraocular muscles in the oculomotor nuclei of the monkey. J Comp Neurol 1953;98: Büttner-Ennever JA, Akert K. Medial rectus subgroups of the oculomotor nucleus ant their abducens internuclear input in the monkey. J Comp Neurol 1981;197: Porter JD, Guthrie BL, Sparks DL. Innervation of monkey extraocular muscles: localization of sensory and motor neurons by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. J Comp Neurol 1983;218: Burde RM, Loewy AD. Central origin of oculomotor parasympathetic neurons in the monkey. Brain Res 1980;198: Sibony PA, Evinger C, Lessell S. Retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport after oculomotor nerve injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1986;27: Brazis PW. Localization of lesions of the oculomotor nerve: recent concepts. Mayo Clin Proc 1991;66:

11 3D-Model of Oculomotor Fascicles in Midbrain 7. Donzelli R, Marinkovic S, Brigante L, Nikodijevic I, Maiuri F, DE Divitiis O. The oculomotor nuclear complex in humans: microanatomy and clinical significance. Surg Radiol Anat 1998;20: Marinkovic S, Marinkovic Z, Filipovic B. The oculomotor nuclear complex in humans. Microanatomy and clinical significance. Neurologia 1989;38: Bienfang DC. Crossing axons in the third nerve nucleus. Invest Ophthalmol 1975;14: Castro O, Johnson LN, Mamourian AC. Isolated inferior oblique paresis from brain-stem infarction. Perspective on oculomotor fascicular organization in the ventral midbrain tegmentum. Arch Neurol 1990;47: Ksiazek SM, Slamovits TL, Rosen CE, Burde RM, Parisi F. Fascicular arrangement in partial oculomotor paresis. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;118: Gauntt CD, Kashii S, Nagata I. Monocular elevation paresis caused by an oculomotor fascicular impairment. J Neuroophthalmol 1995;15: Saeki N, Murai N, Sunami K. Oculomotor nerve palsy due to small midbrain infarct--functional topography based on MRI findings. No To Shinkei 1992;44: Saeki N, Murai H, Mine S, Yamaura A. Fascicular arrangement within the oculomotor nerve MRI analysis of a midbrain infarct. J Clin Neurosci 2000;7: Schwartz TH, Lycette CA, Yoon SS, Kargman DE. Clinicoradiographic evidence for oculomotor fascicular anatomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;59: Hriso E, Masdeu JC, Miller A. Monocular elevation weakness and ptosis: an oculomotor fascicular syndrome? J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1991;11: Johnson LN, Castro O. Monocular elevation paresis and incomplete ptosis due to midbrain infarction involving the fascicular segment of the oculomotor nerve. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 1992;12: Abdollah A, Francis GS. Intraaxial divisional oculomotor nerve paresis suggests intraaxial fascicular organization. Ann Neurol 1990;28: Pusateri TJ, Sedwick LA, Margo CE. Isolated inferior rectus muscle palsy from a solitary metastasis to the oculomotor nucleus. Arch Ophthalmol 1987;105: Roper-Hall G, Burde RM. Inferior rectus palsies as a manifestation of atypical IIIrd cranial nerve disease. Am Orthopt J 1975;25:

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