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1 J Korean Balance Soc 2006;5(2): 계명대학교의과대학신경과학교실 1,2, 원광대학교의과대학생리학교실 3,4 김현아 1,2, 이형 1,2, 박병림 3,4 Body Lateropulsion as an Isolated or Predominant Symptom of a Pontine Infarction Hyun-Ah Kim, M.D. 1,2, Hyung Lee, M.D. 1,2, Byung-Rim Park M.D. 3,4 Departments of Neurology 1, Brain Research Institute 2, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu; Departments of Physiology 3, Medicine and Hanbang Brain Disease Research Center 4, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea Background and Objectives: Body lateropulsion with falling to one side is a well-known clinical feature of stroke in the posterior circulation. Body lateropulsion as an isolated or predominant manifestation of a pontine stroke has not previously been reported. To elucidate the possible mechanisms of patients presenting with body lateropulsion as an isolated or predominant symptom of isolated pontine infarction. Materials and Method: Between May 2004 and February 2006, out of 134 admitted patients with an isolated pontine stroke we identified 8 consecutive patients (6.0%) in the Keimyung University Stroke Registry who had body lateropulsion as the main presenting symptom. Results: All lesions were localized to the paramedian tegmentum just ventral to the 4th ventricle. All except 1showed a uniform pattern of body lateropulsion, in which the direction of falling was away from the side of infarct. In 2 patients, body lateropulsion was the sole clinical manifestation, whereas the other patients had other neurological signs. All but 1 had contraversive tilting of the subjective visual vertical (SVV). In all cases, the direction of SVV tilt corresponded to the direction of body lateropulsion. The mean net tilt angle was 6.1 Conclusion: Based on the known anatomy of ascending vestibular pathways, the SVV tilting, and MRI findings, body lateropulsion probably results from damage to the graviceptive pathway ascending through paramedian pontine tegmentum. Key Words : Pons, Infarction 교신저자 : 이형 대구광역시중구동산동 194 계명대학교의과대학신경과학교실 Tel: , Fax: hlee@dsmc.or.kr *This study was supported by grants of the Oriental Medicine R&D Project (03-PJ9-PG6-SO ), Ministry of health & Welfare, Republic of Korea. 서론신체의측방돌진 (body lateropulsion) 은저항할수없이한방향으로갑작스럽게몸이기울어져넘어지는증상으로후순환 (posterior circulation) 뇌경색의잘알려진임상적특징이다. 1) 대부분의경우동반된신

2 김현아외 경학적증상이나징후가보이고이들은침범된구조물에따라다양하게나타난다. 이제까지측방돌진을주된증상보이는뇌교경색에관한보고는없었다. 뇌교경색에서측방돌진의가능한기전을추정하기위해본연구는측방돌진으로발현한뇌교의소경색을가진 8명의환자를분석하였다. 한환자를제외한모두에서주관적수직시축 (subjective visual vertical: SVV) 검사가병변반대방향으로병적으로기울어지는소견이관찰되었다. 재료및방법 2004년 5월부터 2006년 2월까지계명대학교동산의료원에서고립성 (isolated) 뇌교경색을가진 134명의환자중측방돌진을주증상으로하는 8명 (6.0%) 의환자를대상으로하였다. 환자들은모두작은크기의고림성뇌교경색만을보였다. 측방돌진을보이면서크기가큰뇌교경색을보인환자들도있었으나그들은편측혹은사지마비, 사지감각이상혹은의식장애를동반하여연구에서제외되었다. 측방돌진은현훈이나사지마비없이갑자기자세가한쪽으로기울어져서있을수없이넘어지는경우로정의하였다. 뇌자기공명영상 (MRI) 과자기공명혈관조영술 (magnetic resonance angiogram: MRA) 은 3.0 Tesla unit (Signa VH/I, USA) 기계를사용하여모든환자에서증상발현후 1일에서 3일사이에시행되었다. 모든환자에서뇌경색의위험인자에대한검사를시행하였다. 전정기능검사는전기안진검사기 (Nicolet ENG system) 를이용하여시행하였고안구운동 ( 단속운동, 원활추종운동, 시운동계안진 ), 자발안진, 주시안진그리고온도안진검사를포함하였으며자세한검사방법은이전연구에서언급되었다. 2) SVV 검사또한모든환자에서시행되었다. 환자는암실에서바로앉은자세에서머리를수평으로하여고정시킨후 120 cm 전방에 2 mm 폭에 90 cm 길이의흐린불빛막대를놓고원격조정으로본인이느끼는수직축과평행하게막대를위치시킨다. 각검사동안환자는양눈을사용하여 10회씩검사를시행하고평균값을구한다. 대조군은현훈이나안진이없고정상자기공명영상을보이는 20명의건강한지원자로하였다. 전기안진검사로대조군의전정기능이정상임을확인하였다. SVV 검사는평균값 ±2 표준편차를벗어난경우를비정상 (2도이상 ) 으로하였다. 결과환자의임상양상은 Table 1에요약된것과같다. 8 명의환자중 5명은남자, 3명은여자로나이는 57세에서 83세사이였다. 뇌졸중의위험인자는고혈압이 6명, 당뇨가 2명, 흡연 2명이었으며한명의환자는심근경색의병력을가지고있었다. 이전의뇌경색이나보행장애를가지고있었던환자는없었다. 추적조사는증상발현 2개월에서 9개월사이 ( 평균 4.6개월 ) 에시행되었다. 8명의환자모두에서가장흔하고특징적인증상은서있을수없을정도의심한자세불안으로급성기의모든환자에서서있지못하고넘어지는현상이관찰되었다. 병변방향으로기울어지는 1명의환자 (3 번 ) 를제외하고모든환자는병변반대쪽으로기울어지는같은양상을보였다. 안구의측방돌진 (ocular lateropulsion) 이나단속운동의측방돌진 (saccadic lateropulsion) 을보이는환자는없었다. 2명의환자 (1번과 7 번 ) 에서는측방돌진이유일한임상증상이었으며나머지환자들은다른신경학적징후를동반하였다 (Table 1). 환자들은항혈소판제로치료하였으며모든환자에서증상발현 2주내측방돌진이완전히사라졌다. 2개월에서 9개월이후에시행한추적검사에서단지두명의환자 (2번, 4번 ) 만이약간의자세불안정과모호한어지러움을호소하였다. SVV 검사는증상발현후 1일에서 3일사이에시행되었는데모든환자에서실제의수직축에서벗어난병적기울임을보였다. 한명을제외한모든환자에서 SVV는병변반대측으로기울임을보였다. SVV의병변측기울어짐은미측뇌교경색을가진환자 (3번) 1명에서만나타났다. 모든환자에서측방돌진의방향과 SVV 검사의방향은일치하였다. 평균 SVV 기울임각도는 6.1도 (3.7도 ~8.7도 ) 였다. 뇌경색발현 1일에서 3일사이에실시된 MRI에서모든환자는제 4뇌실바로앞쪽의방정중피개 (paramedian tegmentum) 부위에위치하는작은뇌경색을보이고있다 (Fig. 1). 병변은 5명의환자 (4~8번) 에서뇌교상부에, 1명 (1번) 은중간위치에, 1 명 (3번) 은미부에, 나머지 (2번) 환자에서는중부와미

3 table 1

4 김현아외 Fig. 1. MRIs of patients with an isolated or predominant body lateropulsion disclose lesions restricted to the just ventral portion of the 4th ventricle in the pontine tegmentum. 부에위치하고있다. MRA에서 5명의환자 (1, 2, 4, 7, 8번 ) 에서정상기저동맥을보여주었다. 2명 (3, 6번 ) 의환자에서는추골동맥근위부의심한협착을보여주었고 1명의환자 (5번) 는기저동맥근위부의협착을보였다. 고 찰 본환자들은뇌교의소경색에의한측방돌진이유일한혹은주된증상이었다. 측방돌진은후순환경색의주증상으로그빈도는비교적드물다고알려져있다. 이제까지가측연수경색 (lateral medullary infarction, 3-5) 상 하소뇌각경색 (superior and inferior cerebellar peduncle), 6) 적핵 (red nucleus) 을침범한중뇌경색에서 7) 측방돌진에대한보고가있었으나뇌교경색에의한측방돌진에관한연구는없었다. 모든환자는제4뇌실바로앞에위치한뇌교피개에병변을보였다. 뇌교영역에서측방돌진을설명할수있는가장가능한구조물은상행동수용성경 로 (graviceptive pathway) 이다. 측방돌진의방향은 SVV의기울임의방향과일치하며이는상행동수용성경로의병변과부합한다. 이석기관으로부터의상행하는동수용성 ( 구심성 ) 신경로는전정핵의위치에서수직반고리관으로부터의상행성동수용성신경로와서로만나정정안반사의 pitch와 roll plane에서기능을담당한다. 이런신호들은다시동안신경핵들을지나수직상태를인식하는피질중추로지나가게된다. 우리환자에서안구회선 (ocular torsion) 을측정하지는못하였으나이전의연구에서는 SVV의기울임과안구회선사이에밀접한상관관계가있다고잘알려져있다. 1,8) 1명을제외한모든환자에서측방돌진의방향은병변반대방향이었다. 동측으로의측방돌진을보인 1명의환자 (3번) 는미부뇌교피개에작은병변을보였다. 동수용성뇌간경로는전정핵들부터시작되어뇌교위치에서나반대편으로지나간다고알려져있지만정확한교차지점은아직명확하지않다. Dieterich와 Brandt 8) 는상부뇌교에서교차된다고하였지만본연

5 에서관찰된병변의크기가작은것을고려할때, 이동맥들의작은관통가지의폐색이대부분의환자에서뇌경색의기전이라생각된다. 결 론 과거에본교실에서발표한가쪽연수경색의특징적증상으로서의측방돌진에대한연구 3) 와함께본연구는, 추골기저동맥경색의특징적증상으로급성으로발현되는측방돌진과보행실조의중요성을강조하였다. 임상가들은다른특징적인뇌간징후가없더라도측방돌진을보이는환자에서뇌교경색의가능성을염두에두어야한다. Fig. 2. Hypothetical explanation of body lateropulsion due to a lesion of the ascending graviceptive pathways. Graviceptive inputs (dashed lines) from the otoliths converge with that from the vertical semicircular canals at the level of the vestibuar nuclei and cross the midline at the pontine level, just above the level of the vestibular nuclei (horizontal thick bar). After crossing, the graviceptive pathways ascend the entire brainstem presumably through the paramedian tegmentum. Finally, the graviceptive pathways reach to the multiple cortical centers through the thalamus. Curved arrows on the right side indicate the direction of the tilts of the SVV. Note that brainstem lesions just rostral to the vestibular nuclei cause contraversive tilts and falls, whereas all lesions caudal to this level cause ipsiversive tilts and falls. Vim: nucleus ventrooralis intermedius, Vie: nucleus ventrocaudalis externus, Ⅲ: oculomotor nucleus, Ⅳ: trochlear nucleus, Ⅵ: abducens nucleus, Ⅷ: vestibular nucleus, INC: interstitial nucleus of Cajal. 구에서는교차지점이보다뇌교하부, 즉전정핵위치바로위쪽인것으로생각된다 (Fig. 2). 2명을제외한모든환자에서는측방돌진이주증상이나다른신경학적징후가동반되었다 (Table 1 참조 ) 가장흔한징후는동수용성전정경로의바로옆에위치하는내측종속다발 (medial longitudinal fasciculus) 을침범하여발생한일측성핵간안근마비 (internuclear opthalmoplegia) 이다. 9) 뇌교의피개부위는기저 (basilar), 전하소뇌 (anterior inferior cerebellar), 상소뇌 (superior cerebellar) 동맥들에서분지된혈관으로부터혈액공급을받는다. 10) MRI REFERENCES 1) Dieterich M, Brandt T. Wallenberg syndrome: lateropulsion, cyclorotation, and subjective visual vertical in thirty-six patients. Ann Neurol 1992;31: ) Lee H, Sohn SI, Jung DK, Cho YW, Lim JG, Yi SD, et al. Sudden deafness and anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction. Stroke 2002;33: ) Lee H, Sohn CH. Axial lateropulsion as a sole manifestation of lateral medullary infarction: a clinical variant related to rostral-dorsolateral lesion. Neurol Res 2002;24: ) Kim SH, Cho J, Cho JH, Han SW, Kim SW, Park SC, et al. Isolated lateropulsion by a lesion of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Cerebrovasc Dis 2004;18: ) Maeda K, Saikyo M, Mukose A, Tomimatsu H, Yasuda H. Lateropulsion due to a lesion of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract. Intern Med 2005;44: ) Bertholon P, Michel D, Convers P, Antoine JC, Barral FG. Isolated body lateropulsion caused by a lesion of the cerebellar peduncles. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1996; 60: ) Felice KJ, Keilson GR, Schwartz WJ. Rubral' gait ataxia. Neurology 1990;40: ) Dieterich M, Brandt T. Ocular torsion and tilt of subjective visual vertical are sensitive brainstem signs. Ann Neurol 1993;33: ) Kim JS. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia as an isolated or predominant symptom of brainstem infarction. Neurology 2004;62: ) Parent A. Carpenter's human neuroanatomy. 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1996:

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