체계적인원고편집을위한 Editorial Style Guide Manuscript Editor 안환태 crowncon@naver.com Instruction for Authors / Manuscript Style Guide / Manuscript Template Instruction for Authors - 투고규정 -저자가논문작성시준수해야할포괄적규정 Manuscript Style Guide - 논문형식의세부적지침 Manuscript Template - 논문형식의세부적지침 - 형식에대한 Simple Layout
Instruction for Authors / Manuscript Style Guide / Manuscript Template Instruction for Authors Manuscript Style Guide I Manuscript Template I Aims and Scope Ethics Submission Manuscript Preparation General Guideline = Manuscript Preparation General Guideline Manuscript Preparation General Guideline Peer-Review etc II Manuscript Template II Simple Layout Editorial Style Guide 필요성 학술지형식체계화의필수요소 - 편집의질을향상 투고자, 학술지, 독자와의약속 템플릿, 투고규정보다세세한지침 - 학회지의 style 을구축 편집 (manuscript editing) 업무소요시간절약 편집업무담당자변경시일관성, 통일성유지
과학기술관련학회 Editorial Style CSE (Council of Science Editors) Manual -과학편집인위원회표준 Manual -미생물학, 동식물학, 의학분야 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Manual - 미국전기전자학회, 미국국가표준개발전문기구, 세계최대기술자 단체, 36 개의협회 - 통신, 컴퓨터부품, 의학, 물리학, 원자물리학분야 AMA (American Medical Association) Manual -미국의학협회표준 Manual. -생의학, 의학, 간호학, 생물학분야 과학기술관련학회 Editorial Style APA (American Psychological Association) Manual - 미국심리학회표준 Manual. -사회과학( 언어학, 행동과학, 사회학, 경영학등 ), 정신과학, 간호학, 가정학분야 ACS (American Chemical Society) Manual - 미국화학협회표준 Manual. aua. -화학분야 AIP (American Institute t for Physics) Manual - 미국물리학회표준 Manual. 물리학, - 천체물리학, 천문학분야 AMS (American Mathematical Society) Manual - 미국수학협회표준 Manual. -수학, 전산학분야
적용대상분야 의학, 생의학, 간호학, 생물학 AMA Manual of Style 은 JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) 와 Archives Journals (Oxford University Press 발행 ) 의편집진에의해만들어진저자와편집자를위한 style guide ( 편집지침 ) 의학분야의학술발행에필요한저술 (writing) 과인용 (citation) style 에관해구체적으로기술 적용대상분야 이학 ( 화학 / 화공학 ) ACS Style Guide -The ACS Style Guide: A Manual for Authors and Editors (1986) -The ACS Style Guide: Effective Communication of Scientific Information, 3 rd ed. 과학논문의작성, 심사, 투고편집을위해필요한정보를망라한지침. 화학분야의논문작성지침
적용대상분야 공학분야 IEEE (The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Style 단행본출간이아닌웹사이트에 PDF로 style 게재 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers에서발행하는다양한출판물 (Transactions, Journals, and Letters) 의투고용 style 전자공학, 전기통신공학, 컴퓨터공학, 정보기술분야 Article 구성 표제지 (title page) 제목 (title), 요약제목 (running title) 저자 (author) 소속기관 (affiliation) 교신저자 (corresponding author) 진행일자 (processing date) 초록 (abstract), 중심단어 (keyword) 본문 (main text) 참고문헌 (reference) 표 (table), 그림 (figure)
American Medical Association Manual of Style: A Guide for Authors and Editors, 10th edition Abbreviations and acronyms cannot be used in the title or pre cis. Abbreviations and acronyms must be spelled out the first time they are used in the abstract and again in the body of the manuscript. Capitalize the first letter of each major word in titles and subtitles. Do not capitalize articles (eg, a, an, the), prepositions of 3 or fewer letters, coordinating conjunctions (and, or, for, nor, but), or the to in infinitives. Do capitalize a 2-letter verb, such as Is or Be. Exceptions are made for some expressions, such as compound terms from languages other than English and phrasal verbs: -Ethical Questions Surroundings In Vitro Fertilization -Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Suprapubic Cystostomy Tract With Bladder Involvement -Choice of Stents and End Points for Treatment of De Novo Coronary Artery Lesions -Weighing In on Bariatric Surgery -Researchers Size Up Nanotechnology Risks -Universal Screening for Tuberculosis Infection: School's Out! -We Do Need to Treat Mild Hypertention IEEE Editorial Style Manual In the paper pp title, capitalize the first letter of the first and last word and all the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, and subordinating conjunctions (If, Because, That, Which). Capitalize abbreviations that are otherwise lowercase (e.g., use DC, not dc or Dc) except for unit abbreviations and acronyms. Articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor), and most short prepositions are lowercase unless they are the first or last word. Prepositions of more than three letters (Before, Through, With, Without, Versus, Among, Under, Between) should be capitalized.
표제지 제목, 부제목 대소문자표기를혼용하는경우 -대문자표기각단어의첫철자 2자 (2-letter) 동사 : Is, Be, Do 등 4자이상전치사 : With, Without, After 등 구동사 (phrasal verb): Size Up, Weigh hin 등 비영어권합성용어 : In Vitro, In Situ, De Novo 등 -소문자표기관사 ( 정관사, 부정관사 ): a, an, the 3자이하 (3 or fewer letters) 전치사 : in, at, on 등등위접속사 (coordinating conjunction): and, or, for, nor, but 등 to 부정사의 to 표제지 제목, 부제목 사용제한 -"Role of", 'Effects of", "Treatment of", "Use of", "Report of a Case of" 와같은구 (phrase) Avoid Effect of Smoking on Lung Cancer Risk Better Smoking on Lung Cancer Risk -평서문, 의문문 Avoid Fibromyalgia Is Common in a Postpoliomyelitis Clinic Better Prevalence of Fibromyalgia in Patients With Postpoliomyelitis Syndrome -약어(abbreviation) 사용예외, 공간이부족한경우, 잘알려진약어또는연구와그룹 Prevalence of HIV-1 in Blood Donations Following Implementation of a Structured Blood Safety Policy in South Africa Reporting of Noninferiority and Equivalance Randomized Trials: An Extention of the CONSORT statement CONSORT, consolidated standards for reporting of trials.
표제지 제목, 부제목 자수제한 -학술지마다다른기준 -Running title: JAMA 의경우 45 characters 이내 이탤릭체표기 - 종속과목강문계중속 (gene) 과종 (species) 으로이루어진생물의이름 Elimination of a Community-Acquired Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in a Nurse With Atopic Dermatitis - 유전자기호 (gene symbol) AFP B2M GLA NTSC GAPDH 연결단어 (Hyphenated compounds) 대소문자 Prefix, Suffix: Anti-, Intra-, Self-, Pre-, Post- Anti-inflammatory inflammatory Intra-abdominal Self-referral A single word Long-term Follow-up Part-time X-ray Temporary compound, Equal weight Cost-Benefit Low-Level B-Cell Age-Related
표제지 Runningg title Running title / Short title / 난외 표제 / 요약제목 -표제(title) 표제(title) 보다 단어 수에 제약(예, 제약(예 영문 10단어 이내) -표제와 달리 약어 사용 가능 Running head Running foot
표제지 저자 Jr, Sr, II, III 등포함하여 first, middle, last name 순 국내저자영문명표기일반적유형 Gil Dong Hong / Gil-Dong Hong / Gildong Hong 학위사용학위표기법은저널마다다르며최근에는 Nature, Science 처럼저자명에학위를추가하지않는곳이많아지는추세 Soon Shin Lee 1, Gil Dong Hong 2, Young Hee Kim 3, Soon Hee Choi 4 Soon Shin Lee *, Gil Dong Hong, Young Hee Kim, Soon Hee Choi Soon Shin Lee, MD, Gil Dong Hong, MD 1, Young Hee Kim, MS 2, Soon Hee Choi, MD 3 New England Journal of Medicine
Nature Science
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 저자 기관 ((AMA)) 저자와 기관 연결표기 저자가 아래와 같이 3명인 경우 Soon Sin Lee1, Gil Dong Hong2, You Sin Kim3 Department of Internal Medicine Medicine, 1Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 2Korea University College of Medicine, (Seoul), 3Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Departments of 1Internal Medicine, 2Pathology, and 3Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 1Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, 2Department of Pathology, Korea University College of Medicine, (Seoul), 3Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
저자 기관 (IEEE) 저자와기관연결표기 Ming-Zher Poh, Student Member, IEEE, Nicholas C. Swenson, and Rosalind W. Picard*, Fellow, IEEE M.-Z. Poh is with the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Cambridge, MA 02139 USA, and also with the Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA (e-mail: zher@mit.edu). N. C. Swenson is with the Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA (e-mail: nswenson@mit.edu). *R. W. Picard is with the Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA (e-mail: picard@media.mit.edu).
표제지 저자 - ORCID Open Researcher and Contributor ID (www.orcid.org) - 연구자고유식별코드 -개인의출판물및다른작업들을 metadata로통합해연결 -2010년에출판사, 연구재단, 협회, 대학, 기록관, 학자, 데이터제공자 등의대화를통해만들어졌고 2012년에서비스를시작한비영리기관 -16자리번호 ( 안환태 ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-990x) -HTTP URI 형태로표기 PubMed 에서 Kim JH 저자로검색하는경우, 13,192 건의논문검색 -과연 Kim JH는누구인가? Kim Jong Hyun, Kim Jong Hyeok, Kim Jong Hyuck, Kim Jong Hwan, Kim Jong Hak, Kim Jong Hak 등
ORCID Log in ORCID Registration
Received ORCID record -- https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5221-990x
ORCID linked in an article ORCID Tae-Il Kim http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-8021 org/0000 0003 8021 초록 일반적지침 투고규정에준수하며학술지의 heading 에따라작성한다. 제목을반복하는문구로초록을시작하지않는다. 참고문헌을인용하지않는다. 정확한결과값을기술한다 (P-value, incidence rate, confidence intervals) 주요용어를사용하고, database, study group을기술한다. 초록에서언급한데이터와개념이논문전체에서일관성있어야한다. 약의제품명은피한다. (acetaminophen vs. Tylenol) 약어처음사용시풀어서기재한다. 아래유형의논문의경우초록을요구하지않는다 Opinon, Letters, Special features, News articles, Editorial 등
초록- 형식 논문의유형에따른일반적형식 -Structured format: section heading 원저 (original article) 형식, 250-300단어이내로제한 Purpose (Backgroud)/Methods/Results/Conclusion(s) d /R /C l ( ) -Unstructured t or narrative format 종설 (review article), 증례 (case report) 형식 증례의경우보통 150 단어이내로제한 Section heading 없이서술형문장 IEEE Style Keywords 저자가 keywords를제공해야하는이유 논문을카테고리에따라분류 저자가주장하는주요논제를표현 논문의동료심사 (peer review) 하는데가이드역할 저널의색인가 (indexer) 에게도움 -논문쓰는사람의입장보다찾는사람의입장에서선택 -전문가의입장보다초심자의입장에서선택 -systematic review, meta 분석논문작성시선택용어 -NLM과 Korea PMC에서저자키워드를적용할경우대비
Keywords International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) -IV.A.4. Abstract and Key Words Some journals request that, following the abstract, authors provide, and identify as such, 3 to 10 key words or short phrases that capture the main topics of the article. These will assist indexers in cross-indexing the article and may be published with the abstract. Terms from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) list of Index Medicus should be used; if suitable MeSH terms are not yet available for recently introduced terms, present terms may be used. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh nlm nih IEEE Editorial Style Manual (Index term) All papers must contain Index Terms as provided by the authors. A list of keywords is available by sending a blank email to keywords@ieee.org. Index Terms appear in boldface type as in the Abstract, in alphabetical order, and as a final paragraph of the Abstract. Acronyms are defined in Index Terms if they are defined in the paper. (http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani_prod/keywrd98.txt) Keywords -- MeSH MeSH (Medical Subject Heading) 미국국립의학도서관 (National Library of Mdicine) 에서제작하는통제어휘 ( 시소러스 ) 유의어, 반의어및상하위관련어등을정의해놓은용어사전 MeSH의구조 최상위주표목 19 개로부터시작하는상, 하위관계의계층 (tree) 구조 최상위부터가장세부적인개념까지최대 11단계까지의전개 MeSH의용어주표목 (Main Heading) -논문의 main topic을표현, 무엇에관한내용인가? 부표목 (subheading): 83개의 qualifiers ( 한정어 ) - 치료, 수술, 역학, 원인등에대하여세부적으로표현하기위한용어 - 색인시에항상주표목과조합하여사용
Keywords / MeSH Keywords Respiratory distress syndrome, newborn 유사어, 동의어유사어, 동의어 MeSH 아님
Keywords / Index term IEEE Editorial Style Manual (Index term): http://www.ieee.org/organizations/pubs/ani g p _prod/keywrd98.txt Keywords / Index term IEEE Computer society (Keywords): http://www.computer.org/portal/web/publications/acmtaxonomy p p p
본문 국내 생의학 저널 style y 원저(original article) INTRODUCTION / ((MATERIALS AND)) METHODS / RESULTS / DISCUSSION Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Materials and Methods 1. Methods 1) Patient MATERIALS AND METHODS Methods Patient 종설(review article) (INTRODUCTION) / 본문에서 제목 도출 (BODY TEXT) / CONCLUSION(S) 증례(case report) (INTRODUCTION) / CASE REPORT(S) / DISCUSSION Primary Secondary CASE REPORTS 1. Case 1 CASE REPORTS Case 1 Original g article
본문 IEEE 저널 style y Primary Heading Roman numerals and centered above the text. (전체 대문자, 대문자 로마자, 로마자 중앙정렬) I. INTRODUCTION / II. METHODS / III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION / IV. CONCLUSION / APPENDIX / ACKNOWLEDGMENT Secondary Heading capital letters followed by followed by periods, flush left, upper and lower case, and italic. (각 단어 대문자, 좌측 정렬, 이탤릭체) A. Ultrasound-Guided Prostate Intervention / B. Case for MRI-Guided Prostate Intervention Intervention Tertiary Heading Arabic numerals followed by parentheses. They are indented one em, and run into the text in their sections, italic, upper and lower case, and followed by a colon. (각 단어 대문자, 좌측 정렬, em dash 들여쓰기) 1) Transrectal Approach: / 2) Transperineal Approach: Quaternary Q t Heading H di identical id ti l tto ttertiary ti hheadings, di exceptt th thatt th they are indented i d t d two t ems, (첫 단어 대문자, 좌측 정렬, 2 em dash 들여쓰기) IEEE Structured format
참고문헌 - 생의학 style -NLM citing medicine 1978 년캐나다벤쿠버그룹이생의학학술지가갖추어야할이상적인형식과지침작성 ( 편집인소수 ) 미국국립의학도서관 (National Library of Medicine) 이개발한참고문헌형식포함한통일양식 (Uniform Requirements) 작성, 출판공표 이후참여인원확대 국제의학학술지편집인위원회 (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, ICMJE) 로발전 당시 500개가넘는학술지의에디터들이통일양식에맞추어투고 하는논문을수용하는데동의 NLM citing medicine을기준으로학술지마다변형사용. 참고문헌 일반적지침 본문에서의참고문헌표기는본문에서인용된순서에따라아라비아숫자를연속적으로부여한다. 본문내표기시위첨자 (superscript) 또는각괄호로표기한다. (IEEE 의경우각괄호표기 ) 참고문헌번호표기시숫자나축약된측정단위뒤에두는것을피하도록한다. As reported previously 1,3-8,19, The 2 largest studies to date included 26 patients [2] and 18 patients [3]. The largest lesion found in the first study was 10 cm [2]. Avoid The 2 largest studies to date included 26 2 and 18 3 patients. Better The 2 largest studies to date included 26 patients 2 and 18 patients. 3
참고문헌 본문내저자명표기및번호표기 저자가 1인 Doe 7 reported on the survey / Doe [7] reported on the survey 저자가 2인 Doe and Roe 7 reported on the survey / Doe and Roe [7] reported 저자가 3 인이상 : 성 + "et al." Doe et al. 7 reported on the survey / Doe et al. [7] reported 인쇄저널 (print journal) 표기 참고문헌 저자명 (author's surnames and initials) 논문의제목과부제목 (title of article and subtitle, if any) 저널약어명 (bb (abbreviated itdname of fjournal) 연도 (year) 볼륨 (volume number) 호 ( 이슈, issue number) 별호 (part or supplement number when pertinent) 페이지 (inclusive page numbers)
참고문헌 인쇄저널 (print journal) style 비교 NLM style Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, Ullmer L, Gallagher A, Cullen J, Gehan E, Hayes DF, Isaacs C. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct;23(28):6919-30. AMA style Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, et al. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct 1;23(28):6919-6930. 국내의학저널에서많이사용하는 style Stearns V, Slack R, Greep N, Henry-Tilman R, Osborne M, Bunnell C, et al. Paroxetine is an effective treatment for hot flashes: results from a prospective randomized clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:6919-30. - 저자가 6 인이상인경우 참고문헌 Rastan S, Hough T, Kierman A, Hardisty R, Erven A, Gray IC, et al. Towards a mutant map of the mouse: new models of neurological, behavioural, deafness, bone, renal and dblood ddisorders. d Genetica 2004;122:47-9. 47 - 기관이저자인경우 ( 모기관, 부속기관순으로나열. 구분은콤마기호사용 ) American College of Dentists, Board of Regents. The ethics of quackery and fraud in dentistry: a position paper. J Am Coll Dent 2003;70:6-8. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine; American College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee. Care of children in the emergency department: guidelines for preparedness. Pediatrics 2001;107:777-81. 107 777
- 별호 (supplement, part) 가있는경우 참고문헌 Tolosa E, Valldeoriola F. Mid-stage parkinsonism with mild motor fluctuations. Clin Neuropharmacol 1994;17 Suppl 2:S19-31. Crawford M, Mullan J, Vanderveen T. Technology and safe medication administration. J Infus Nurs 2005;28(2 Suppl):37-41. Ophthalmology sourcebook & reference guide 1990. Ophthalmology 1990;(Pt 2):1-145. Brosen K, Gram LF, Sindrup S, Skjelbo E, Nielsen KK. Pharmacogenetics of tricyclic and novel antidepressants: recent developments. Clin Neuropharmacol 1992;15 Suppl 1 Pt A:80A-81A. - 참고문헌이초록인경우 참고문헌 Zhang Y, Griendling KK, Taylor WR. A critical role for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neointima formation induced by carotid ligation [abstract]. Circulation. 2004;110(17 Suppl):III-259. l)iii259 Abstract t no. 1238. - 온라인출판 (E-pub) 이이루어져 DOI (digital object indentifier) 가있는경우 Ousey KJ, Milne J, Cook L, Stephenson J, Gillibrand W. A pilot study exploring quality of life experienced by patients undergoing negative pressure wound therapy as part of their wound care treatment compared to patients receiving i standard dwound care. Int Wound J 2012 Oct 24 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-481x.2012.01098.x.
참고문헌 IEEE Style -Journal Article Author, "Name of paper," Abbrev. Title of Periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx, Abbrev. Month, year. [1] J. B. Wang, B. H. Zhou, B. Chen, L. H. Shi, and C. Gao, Weakly conditionally stable FDTD method for analysis of 3D periodic structures at oblique incidence, Electronics Letters, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 369-371, Mar. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2011.4007. [2] K. Fotopoulou and B. W. Flynn, Wireless power transfer in loosely coupled links: coil misalignment model, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 416-430, Feb. 2011. 참고문헌 -인쇄도서 (printed books): Book & Book chapter 저자명 (author's surnames and first and middle names) ( 책의 ) 장제목 (chapter title) 도서저자명 도서명과부서명 (title of book and subtitle, if any) 볼륨사항 (volume number and volume title) 판차사항 (edition number; do not indicate first edition) 출판지 (place of publication) 출판사 (name of publisher) 판권연도 (year of copyright) 페이지 (page numbers, when specific pages are cited)
참고문헌 -인쇄도서 (printed books): Book & Book chapter NLM style Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, editors. Geriatric i medicine. i New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003. p. 149-62. AMA style Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, eds. Geriatric Mdii Medicine. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003:149-162. 162 국내의학저널에서많이사용하는 style (NLM style 과유사하다 ) Tangarorang G, Kerin G, Besdine R. Clinical approach to the older patient and overview. In: Cassel C, Leipzig R, Cohen H, Larson E, Meier D, editors. Geriatric i medicine. i New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 2003. p. 149-62. 참고문헌 IEEE Style - 인쇄도서 (printed books): Book & Book chapter Author, "Title of chapter in the book," in Title of His Published Book, xth ed. City of Publisher, Country if not USA: Abbrev. of Publisher, year, ch. x, pp. xxx-xxx. [1] D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, 3rd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2005. [2] Z. Wang, H. R. Sheikh, and A. C. Bovik, "Objective video quality assessment," in The Handbook of Video Databases: Design and Applications, B. Furht and O. Marqure, editors, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2003, pp. 1041-1078.
참고문헌 - 컨퍼런스회의록 (conference proceedings) NLM citing medicine Cockett AT, Khoury S, Aso Y, Chatelain C, Denis L, Griffiths K, et al., editors. Proceedings of the 3rd International Consultation on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH); 1995 Jun 26-28; Monaco, Monaco. Channel Island: Scientific Communications International Ltd; 1995. p. 1-651. IEEE style C. Dwork and S. Yekhanin, "New efficient attacks on statistical disclosure control mechanisms," in Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference on Cryptology: Advances in Cryptology, Santa Barbara, CA, 2008, pp. 469-480. -Internet 자료 (online) 참고문헌 NLM citing medicine AMA: helping doctors help patients [Internet]. Chicago: American Medical Association; c1995-2007 [cited 2007 Feb 22]. Available from: http://www.amaassn.org/. IEEE style BBN Technologies (Jan. 2013). "BBN 802.11b Receiver." https://www.cgran.org/wiki/bbn80211./.
- 학위논문 (Dissertation & Theses) 참고문헌 NLM citing medicine Zhao C. Development of nanoelectrospray and application to protein research and drug discovery [dissertation]. Buffalo (NY): State University of New York at Buffalo; 2005. 276 p. IEEE style N. Kawasaki, "Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow," M.S. thesis, Department of Electronic Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan, 1993. - 뉴스기사 (Newspaper Articles) 참고문헌 NLM citing medicine Fialka, John J. How mercury rules designed for safety end up polluting. Wall Street Journal. 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:1 (col. 1). Major decline in U.S. deaths is recorded. New York Times (Washington Final). 2006 Apr 20;Sect. A:14 (col. 6). Taking steps back to normal after novel rabies therapy. New York Times (National Ed.). 2005 Dec 25;155(53439):23 (col. 3). 인터넷상의뉴스기사 Carey B. Psychiatrists revise the book of human troubles. New York Times [Internet]. 2008 Dec 17 [cited 2008 Dec 19];Health:[about 3 p.]. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/18/health/18psych.html?_r html? r=1&em
이해충돌 (Conflict of Interest) - 저자들의재정적공시 (financial disclosure) 는표제지또는 Acknowledgments section 에고지. -별도의 "Conflicts of Interest 섹션에고지하는것이추세. - 재정적이해관계 (financial interest and conflicts) 없는경우에도없다는것을기재. CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported. Financial Disclosure: Dr. Kroll has received research grants from and is a paid consultant to Progen International Inc, manufacturer of the neurochemical assay used in the study, and research grants from the International Society of Stress Research. Dr. Smith and Mr Otter have reported no relevant financial interest in this publication. 알림 (Acknowledgments) - 논문의다양한정보를커버하는포괄적인용어 (blanket term). - 논문에요구되는다양한정보기재. -본문(body text or main text) 의연장선으로보기때문에약어를 그대로사용. General advice, guidance, or supervision Critical review of the manuscript Critical review of study proposal, design, or methods Dt Data collection or data dt analysis Statistical assistance, technical assistance, research assistance or advice Writing assistance, editorial assistance, bibliographic assistance, clerical assistance Manuscript preparation Financial support, material support, grant support
알림 (Acknowledgments) -보조금(grant) 또는재정지원 (funding support) Funding/Support: This work was supported by research grant R01 MH45757 from the National Institute of Mental Health (Dr Hickson). - 저자기여사항 (author contibutions) Author Contributions: Dr. Yaffe had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity fo the data and the accuracy fo the data analysis. -사전발표 (previous presentation) Previous Presentation: The results of this study were presented at the British Association of Dermatologists Annual Meeting, July 8, 2004; Glasgow, Scotland. 알림 (Acknowledgments) -연구에관여된스폰서의역할 (role of sponsor) Role of the Sponsor: Progen International Inc supplied the neurochemical assay used in this study and funded the study. Through Dr. Kroll, Progen International Inc participated in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; and in the preparation of the manuscrpt. Progen International Inc reviewed the manuscript before submission and paid for editing assistance. - 기업이후원하는연구에대해학술기관에서행하는독립적통계분석 (independent statistical analysis) Independent Statistical Analysis: Independent statistical review of the data included in this analysis was performed by Stuart Pocock, PhD, and Duolao Wang, both of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
표와그래프 (Table & Graph) -좋은표와그래프의특징 중요하거나꼭필요한정보를나타내거나강조하는데사용되어야한다. 표와그래프의수는제한이되어야한다. 많은의학저널출판사들이표와그래프의수를 5개이내로제한하고있다. 각각의표와그래프는하나의분명한포인트가있어야하며단순화해야한다. 표는명료하고간결해야한다. 이는좋은본문의편집지침과동일한 원칙이다. 별도의설명과본문없이도해석되고이해될수있어야한다. 논리적인순서대로정리되어야한다. 보통내림차순으로구성할수있다. 본문, 표, 그래프모두에걸쳐일관성있는용어를사용해야한다. 투고규정, 가이드라인등관련기준을따른다. Table AMA style -일반적지침 (general guideline) 표내에서가로줄과세로줄을사용하지않는다. 본문에서언급하는순서에따라번호를부여하며일반적표기방식은문장내일경우 "Table 1" 으로표기하고문장의마지막에언급할경우괄호 를사용하여 (Table 1) 로표기한다. 본문에서사용된 Table이하나일경우번호를매기지않고 Table" 로만 표기하지만학술지에따라 Table 1 으로표기하는경우도있다. 수치를나타내는표의경우데이터필드를공란으로두지않으며 0 또는 - 로적절하게공란을채운다. 검사를시행하지않은경우에는 ND 또는 NA라고기재한다. 표가길어다음페이지로넘어가는경우제목뒤에 continued" 를괄호로 표기하며표의열제목을반복기재한다.
Table AMA style -재목(title) 표기지침 본문내언급되는순서에따라아라비아숫자순으로번호를매긴다. (Table 1, Table 2 ) 표의제목에서사용하는대소문자규칙은논문제목의대소문자규칙 을따르는것이일반적이지만학술지마다의정책에따라다르다. 표의제목은보통문장 (sentence) 보다는구 (phrase) 형태로쓰여진다. 행제목이표기되는맨좌측열 (left-hand column) 은독립변수 (independent variable) 를맨상단의행은열에따라종속변수 (dependent variable) 를표기한다. 행과열의제목이수치를나타내면단위를함께기재한다. Table -설명(legend) 표기지침 첫번째기입 (entry): 일반적으로데이터의표기에관한설명을기재한다. 두번째기입 : 표에사용된약어를풀이할수있다. 학술지마다기준이다를수있으며약어풀이순서는알파벳순또는테이블의좌에서우로위에서아래순으로위치한약어를순서대로풀이를하며약어사이의구분기호는일반적으로약어다음콤마 (,) 를 준후풀이를기술하고세미콜론 () (;) 으로다음약어와구분하여준다. 세번째기입 : 주석 (footnote) 에대한설명을표기할수있다. 정책에따라위첨자기호 ( *,,,,,,**,,... ), 위첨자알파벳 ( a,b,c,d,e... ) 사용 네번째기입 : 테이블의정보원 (source) 과저작권자로부터의사용승인에대한내용을표기할수있다.
Table IEEE style -일반적지침 (general guideline) TABLE 내에서세로줄은꼭필요한경우만선택적으로사용한다. TABLE의번호는순차적으로로마자표기순서에따라이루어지며표의상단에위치하도록한다. TABLE은한페이지를넘지않도록작성한다. TABLE에서는하나의항목을하나의셀에들어가도록한다. Tb Tab 이나스페이스키를이용하여데이터를구분하면절대안된다. TABLE 의세로선은반드시필요한경우만선택적으로사용한다. TABLE 에서의시간단위는약어로기재한다. sec, min, hr,day,wk, mo, yr 제목은간단하고표의내용을잘설명해야하며, 구 (nonsentence) 형태로기재한다. 각단어대문자로맞추어기재한다. 너무일반적인제목은피한다. Characteristics of Students (X) 자세한설명은제목이아니라표의각주 (footnote) t 에기재한다. Table IEEE style -제목(heading) 제목은간단하고표의내용을잘설명해야하며, 구 (nonsentence) 형태로기재한다. 너무일반적인제목은피한다. Characteristics of Students (X) 자세한설명은제목이아니라표의각주 (footnote) 에기재한다. 모든데이터의상단 (column) 에제목을넣어야한다. 가장좌측상단의 제목은 stub bheading 이라하며, 그아래열의내용을대표하는제목을준다. 이부분에대각선을넣어하단과우측상단의제목을넣는것은금한다. 일반적으로상단의제목은중앙정렬, 우측의제목은좌측정렬을한다. 제목에단위만적는것은피한다. 제목은가능한간결해야한다. 2줄이내에서약어와기호를사용한다. 일반적이지않은약어는각주에설명한다. 단위는변수명다음에괄호안에기재한다.
Table IEEE style -표의데이터부분 (table body) 표의데이터가들어가는몸체부분에는숫자나문자값등이들어간다. 숫자가나오는경우는괄호, 점 (.), 콤마 (,) 등을기준으로정렬하며, 긴문자값의경우좌측정렬한다. 데이터의성격에따라정렬은조절할수있다. 분수와소수를같은표안에서혼합하여사용하지않는다. 빈셀 : 경우에따라빈셀이나올수있는데, 빈셀인경우NA, - 등으로 \ 표기하고그이유에대해하단노트부분에서밝혀야한다. -, too low to be measured; NA, Not available; NS, no significant. -각주(foot notes) 전체표나특정항목에대한설명을기재한다. 전체표에대한설명에는 각주표시를하지않는다. 각주표시는알파벳소문자위첨자 (a, b, C 등 ) 로하고, 표의상단부터시작 하여왼쪽에서오른쪽방향으로알파벳순서에따라부여한다. 약어설명은콤마와세미콜론으로각각을구분한다. Elements of a Table Table
Table Graph -일반적지침 투고규정과샘플그래프를보고사이즈를결정한다. 라인, 바그래프의경우대부분 1 column 폭이내로구성한다. 읽기쉽게구성하고과한디자인을피한다. x축에독립변수 (independent variable) 를 y축에종속변수 (dependent variable) 를기재한다. -적합한그래프선택하기 연속형 (continuous) 데이터의경우같은간격의연속적인데이터로표현되며라인그래프를선택한다. 범주형 (categorical) 데이터의경우. 범주에따른분류 ( 남성, 여성 ), 순서에따른분류 ( 첫번째, 두번째그룹 ), 순서없는분류 ( 빨강, 노랑 )), 간격에따른분류 (10-19, 20-29년 ) 등의 경우에바그래프또는칼럼그래프를선택한다.
Graph -그래프의종류 라인그래프 (line graph) Graph -그래프의종류 바그래프 (bar graph)
Graph -그래프의종류 파이그래프 (pie graph) -그래프의종류 누적바그래프 (stacked bra graph) Graph
- 라인그래프와바그래프의비교 Graph - 축제목표기규칙 Graph
표와그래프 (Table & Graph) -시간단위표기 대부분의학술지들이 SI (International System of Units) 를준수 테이블내에서사용하는시간단위는 second가유일한 SI (International System of Units) 단위이며나머지는파생 (derived) SI 단위로 second와 함께표와그림등에서약어형태 SI unit 처럼통상사용된다. Year y, yr Month mo Week wk Day d, day Hour h, hr Minute min Second s, sec First week k( (o), 1st wk (o), Week 1 (o), First wk (x) 대한의학학술지편집인협의회학술지재평가항목 실물평가항목 2-10 표 (table) 의설명문안과배치 (1) 1점 : 오탈자가없다. (2) 1점 : 사용한설명각주가올바르다. (3) 1 점 : 표의내부중간에세로줄, 가로줄이줄이없다. (4) 1점 : 표의내부에정렬의일관성이있다. (5) 1점 : 표의크기및배치가적절하다. (6) -3 점 : 원본표가아니거나남의표를사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합
Figure -Figure 형식 파일 format: TIFF, EPS (JPEG는해상도가높을경우 ) 적정 size: 그림의가로폭 (width) 이 4i inch h( 인쇄본 1 column 사이즈 ) 해상도 900 DPI/PPI for black and white images, such as line drawings or graphs. 600 DPI/PPI for photographs containing pictures and line elements, i.e., text labels, thin lines, arrows. 300 DPI/PPI for picture-only photographs. -Figure legend 그림은그자체만으로도설명이가능해야하므로그림제목다음에부가적인정보와약어풀이, 주석에대한설명도함께기술한다. Fig. 1. Anatomy of a line graph (title). The legend provides additional descriptive information as needed to make the graph self-explanary (legend). g Abbr.,, abbreviation (abbreviation). a) Fictitious, not actual, data (footnote). 현미경사진의경우염색방법및배율을기록함. ex) (H&E, x100), (IHC, x400), (Goldner's trichrome staning, x40) 등 Figure IEEE style 그림번호는본문에인용된순서대로부여하며 Figure 1 과같이아라비아 숫자로기재한다. 여러개의부분으로이루어진경우, (a),(b),(c)... 기호를넣어구분한다. 그림의위치는각 column의상단이나하단에배치한다. 그림의크기는 1페이지안에들어갈수있도록가로 7.5인치, 세로 10인치이내로한다. 해상도는최소다음의기준을맞춘다. Black and white: 300 dpi / Grayscale: 150 dpi Line art: 600 dpi / Black and white photograph: p 300 dpi 색상 : 모든색상허용. Line art의경우black and white로, photographs는 grayscale로한다. 그래픽폰트는 Times New Roman, Helvetica, Arial, Cambria와같은open type fonts나기호 (symbol) 사용을권장한다.
대한의학학술지편집인협의회학술지재평가항목 실물평가항목 2-11 사진의선명도, 설명및배치 (1) 1점 : 사진이선명하다. (2) 1점 : 설명체재 ( 배율, 염색명등포함 ) 에일관성이있다. (3) 1 점 : 설명이정확하고 ( 사진에각주, 화살표등표시 ) 상세하다. (4) 1점 : 크기와배치가적절하다. (5) 1점 : 사진설명에오탈자가없다. (6) -3점 : 원본사진이아니거나남의사진을사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3 점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합 2-12 도형그림 (line drawing) 의작성방법, 글씨크기및배치 (1) 1점 : 도형그림이선명하다. (2) 1점 : 글씨크기가적절하다. (3) 1 점 : 도형그림크기가적절하다. (4) 1점 : 배치가적절하다. (5) 1점 : 그림설명 ( 제목, 약어 ) 에오탈자가없다. (6) -3 점 : 타인의도형그림을사용하면서원저를인용하지않고있다 (3 점을감점함 ). ( ) : (1)-(6) 해당점수의합 Open access vs. Free access -Open access: CCL (Creative Commons License) 준수 -Attribution -Noncommercial -No Derivative Works -Share Alike -Free access: copyright permission Copyright & Permission
Copyright & Permission Copyright & Permission - 공공성을가지고있는정부공공기관이저작권자인경우 ( 국가기관,open acces 자료등 ) Data from (Adapted from, Data derived from) + 저작권자 ( 기관명 ). + 참고문헌인용번호 a Data from the US Census Bureau. 5 Adapted from the US Census Bureau. [5]. a Data derived from the US Census Bureau. 5) - 비상업적인이용과저작권자표기를조건으로하는공개접근 (open-access) 자료 Data from (Adapted from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지 + 참고문헌인용번호볼륨 : 페이지. + 참고문헌인용번호 Data from Baek et al. Virol J 2011;8:297. 2 Adapted from Baek et al. Virol J 2011;8:297. [21]
Copyright & Permission -저작권자로부터사용승인을받아야하는경우저작물의복제, 변형에따라표기내용을아래와같이테이블이나그림의설명 (legend) 에구분하여표기한다. Reprinted from (Reproduced from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지. + with permission of + 저작권자 + 참고문헌인용번호 -Adapted from 으로저작물의복제, 변형에구분하지않고표기하기도함. 저작물을변형없이그대로사용할경우 Reprinted (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. [50] 저작물을변형하여사용할경우 ( 저작권자인일부출판사의경우저작물의변형 을허락하지않으므로승인절차시확인이필요하다.) Reproduced (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. 50 Modified (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9, with permission of Cambridge University Press. 50 Copyright & Permission -저자가본인의저작물을동일저작권자로부터재사용할경우저작권자의정책에따라다르지만대부분별도의승인없이사용할수있다. 이경우승인에대한내용은삭제하고인용표기를한다. Reprinted from (Reproduced from) + 첫번째저자의성 (surname) et al. + 저널약어명연도 ; 볼륨 : 페이지. + 참고문헌인용번호 Reprinted (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 50 Reproduced (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 50 Modified (Adapted) from Gomez-Llorente et al. Proc Nutr Soc 2010;69:381-9. 9. 50
Copyright py g & Permission
Copyright & Permission
Copyright & Permission
원고의기술방법 AMA style 중심기술 띄어쓰기 (spacing) 수식연산자 (mathematical symbols) 와숫자사이학술지의정책에따라 띄어쓰기여부의선택이가능하다. a + b a = b a ± b a > b a < b a+b a=b a±b a>b a<b 단위 (unit) 와숫자사이온도 ( ) 와각도 ( ), 퍼센트 (%) 는숫자와반드시붙여서사용한다. 37.5 (o) 37.5 (x) 45 (o) 45 (x) 40% (o) 40 % (x) 그외단위들은숫자와띄어쓰기는하는것이일반적이다. 15 cm 20 mm 21 kg/m 2 140 nmol/l 100 mm Hg (AMA style 권장표기 ) 100 mmhg ( 학술지마다정책에따라관례적으로사용하는경우가많음 ) 원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) 두문자어 (acronyms and initialism) 를구성하는단어 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Colpidogrel as Adjunctive Repurfusion Therapy (CLARITY) Table, Figure 등과같은지정어 (designator)... summarized din Table 2. Table 1. Characteristics of allergy dermititis group.... the middle third of the basilar artery (Figure 1). 유전자기호 (gene symbol): 이탤릭체대문자 AFP B2M GLA NTSC GAPDH
원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) 종속명 (genus and species names) Streptococcus pyogenes streptococci ( 복수 ) streptococcal ( 파생형용사 ) 그리스문자 (Greek letter) 제목이나문두에서사용될경우그리스문자다음처음나오는비그리스문자 (non-greek letter) 는대문자로표기한다. β-blocker use during pregnance increases the risk that an infant will be small for gestational age. 원고의기술방법 대문자 (Capitalization) 연결단어 (hyphenated compounds) Anti-inflammatory inflammatory Intra-abdominal abdominal Long-term Follow-up Part-time X-ray Cost-Benefit Low-Level B-Cell Age-Related 기타대소문자표기아래표기는문장내위치에상관없이대소문자를그대로유지한다. PubMed PubMed Central Scopu Embase MEDLINE Internet Web 등
원고의기술방법 단위 (Metric Units) - 복수형 (plurals) 으로쓰지않는다. 70 L (o) 70 Ls (x) - 형용사로쓰일경우하이픈 (-) 을사용한다 a 10-mm strip and 8-L container - 소수점표기시소수점앞에 0 을표기한다. AMA style에서는 P 값의경우소수점앞에 0을두지않지만학술지마다정책에따라일반소수점표기와동일하게소수점앞에 0을표기한다. 0.123 (0).123 (x) P < 0.01 P <.01 원고의기술방법 단위 (Metric Units) - 분수 (fraction) 표기시 SI unit 을따른다. 2.5 kg (o) 2½ kg (x) -SI 표기 Length Area cm m km cm 2 m 2 km 2 Mass Volume g kg ml L m 3
원고의기술방법 이탤릭체 (Italics) 학술지의정책에따라제목 (heading) 의단계구분에사용된다 PRIMARY HEADING Secondary Heading Tertiary heading Tertiary heading 도서나저널등의표기에사용된다. New England Journal of Medicine Allergy: principles and practice 영어가아닌 (non-english) 단어나구의경우 AMA style의경우영어의일부분이된단어나구는이탤릭처리하지않으나 학술지에따라관례적으로이탤릭체로사용한다. in vivo in vitro en bloc in vivo in vitro en bloc 원고의기술방법 이탤릭체 (Italics) 미생물, 식물, 동물의속 (genus) 과종 (species) 단수 (singular) 와품종 (variety), 이종 (subspecies) 의형태에이탤릭체를사용한다. 복수와형용사형, 강 (class), 목 (order), 과 (family) 는이탤릭체를사용하지않는다. Baciliacae Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus staphylococci staphylococcal 통계용어 학술지의정책에따라이탤릭체사용여부가다르다. P r U df R 2 P r U df R 2
숫자 (Numerals) 문두에올경우풀어서표기한다. 원고의기술방법 Six-Month Trial of Bupropion With Contingency Management for Cocaine Dependence in a Methadone-Maintained Maintained Population 분모와분자사이에 % 가끼어들어서는안된다. Death occurred in 6 of 200 patients (3%). (o) Death occurred in 6 (3%) of 200 patients. (x) 퍼센트 (%) 와숫자의사용 from 10% to 20% 10%-20% (CSE 권장표기, 10-20%) between 10% and 20% 원고의기술방법 숫자 (Numerals) 분수표기일반적인분수표기는형용사형, 명사형상관없이하이픈이들어간단어로풀어서표기한다. Of those attending nearly three fourths were members of the association Of those attending, nearly three-fourths were members of the association. 시간 (time) 표기의경우소수점표기보다는분수표기를사용한다. The surgery lasted 3¼ hours.
원고의기술방법 하이픈 (hypen, -) 삭제표기 ante-, anti-, bi-, co-, contra-, counter-, de-, extra-, ecto-, mid-, multi-, non-, over-, post-, pre-, pseudo-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra-, uni-, under-, semi-, intraantimicrobial / nonresident / coauthor / overproduction / overrepresented preoperative / posttraumatic / midbrow / multicenter / interrater 2개의동일한모음또는 3개의동일한자음이올경우하이픈유지 semi-independent independent / intra-abdominal abdominal / anti-inflammatory inflammatory hull-less / bell-like 서로다른의미서로다른의미 re-treat vs. retreat/ re-formation vs. reformation / re-creation vs. recreation