w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn, Jae ChanÁLee, jong seoláchol, Woo ChungÁLee, Byong Ju Abstract Automated rainfall warning system is a facility to prevent casualties who were recreating in the down stream region with operating lead broadcasting or signaling warning automatically when torrential rainfall occurs in mountainous area. But standard of conventional warning does not consider the characteristics of basin, and warning signal. Evacuation signal 1 and evacuation signal 2 are uniformly signaled when the 10minute moving total of observed rainfall is higher than 4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm respectively. therefore, local governments and relative agencies had re-established the standard of warning by analyzing the risk water level, critical discharge and reference rainfall, which are considering the characteristics of basin. In this study the standard of conventional and re-established warning of weolseong basin, which is available to acquire a real rainfall. There are analyzed by considering the risk water level, critcal discharge and reference rainfall. Also this study compares rainfall of conventional and re-established warning standard and indentifies problems by analyzing adequacy of rainfall estimation for warning and proposes alternative.gthe standard of conventional warning which investigates with the converted rainfall(unit of a minute) issued too many alarm. The re-established standard upward has the necessity which will be regulated about the alarm announcement number of times. Considers the safety, upward regulation of alarm standard rainfall is a necessity which will be prudent. Keywords : Automated rainfall warning system, Observed rainfall, Warning Criteria, critical discharge š y y d, w w w ù ü w vw w» w. ù»» p š w š d 10 w 4mm, 6mm, 8mm ƒƒ, v 1, v 2 w. 2003 e p š w x, w,» mw» w.» ƒ w û»» x, w,» š w mw. w,»»,» z mw» y w. 1 y» mw» w. z d» w w v ƒ. ù,» w d w v ƒ q. w :, d,», w 1. š y y d, w w Á w ù ü w vw w» w, 1996 l wš. x y 5 ( 05~ 09) w z wš 05 125 12 w. l,, ü * z Á m (E-mail : jcan365@nema.go.kr) ** z Á m *** z Á m **** z Á w m œw 101
, m d e, d e d e ƒ.»» p p š w š d 10 w 4 mm, 6 mm, 8 mm ƒƒ, v1, v2 w ƒ w., w wš ƒ e 2003 z,, w p š w x, w,» mw» w. ù,» Á w w w m w. û Á w mw» m» w, y w» k mwš w. 2.» w p 2.1 - w w p y p» w ƒ w, p w» w GIS v Arc/Info Arc/View w etš, ³e ƒ, w,, ƒ, w w. etš œ w ƒ 1 (30 30 m) DEM w etš w,, s³w, w w. 2.2 x (USGS) Rule of thumb w w wƒ w w. w (, 2004). x mw 10 ft 2 /s(ó 0.929 m 2 /s) w, š w s x ƒ wš Manning œ w, m 2/3bh, b 2/3hƒ w w txw. 0.929n h --------------- 2 C 3 -- 2/3 = S 1/3 3/5», h x, b ws, n Manning, C y (SI ), S. ( ü ) w» w ùkü (1) w x 0.57 m w. x (1) š x 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 m, v1, v 2 w, x, x w w, š w š w x y k š q. 2.3 w» w w» w x w wù, w, w v w w ƒ. w z w» w w. w w» w e w Manning œ w ùký. 1.486 0.5 Y b Q d = ------------ S Bb C ----------- n m + 1 0.38» S C w (ft/ft), B ws(ft), Y (ft), n Manning, Q d w (ft 3 /sec), m:x (Jarrett, 1984). ƒƒ ws w š d w, w GIS w etš w w w s³ w. ƒƒ x 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 m w ƒ w 20.02, 22.76, 26.06 m 3 /sec. w»w v w, x» š w p» kw (½ k; 2003, x ; 2004) 3.» xy 3.1 xy û,, ew. 1 ùkü Õ xk x ƒ š, ƒ w w. w y { w š. 123.804 km 2, 17.08 km š, m xy 95% w, m kƒ yw m w m w m w x. w 3, 15 ƒ z, e w e TM t t w 1 (, 2003). 2 ƒ x w, p t 1 (, 2003). y (Time of concentration) Kraven œ, Rziha œ w t w w Kirpich œ w, t (2) 102 w wz «y
1. e e e(, 2003,12) p š w Rziha œ l kw. CN w» w 1 : 25,000 m œ w m w, type A, B, C, Dƒ w type A Dƒ swš ùkû. s³ CN 2. x t 1. p (Km 2 ) (km) ws (m) w 123.804 17.068 0.078 40 0.06972 AMC II AMC III ƒƒ 66 82 ƒ, ƒ x w y w AMC III w š AMC III s³ CN w. 4 -» m 103
t 2. (min) s³ (m/sec) Kirpich Kraven Rziha Kirpich Kraven Rziha 98.52 32.99 49.81 2.89 9.52 4.05 3. 4. - ( ) z ( ) w sx(distributed) x GCUH (Geomorphoclimatic Unit Hydrograph) w, z (lumped) x Clark x w. sx x w p š w w z w w w š w, w x œ yƒ ƒ w - w w x. 4.» m 4.1 - y - y w p s š w w. w w Huff 4, Mononobe ƒ s w w xw. ù w»w w, s š w ƒ» 30 ü» wš w» ³ w s š j q. ƒ w 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120 w y w,» š w 5 mm~25 mm ü ww. w w, w w j y j ùkû. y w ƒw ùkû. 4.2 w» m 4.2.1»»» p p š w š 10 ƒ» w w p ¾ š w» k j ùkû,» v1, v2» 104 w wz «y
(mm) t 3. - y ( ) 10 20 30 60 90 120 Qp tp(hr) Qp tp(hr) Qp tp(hr) Qp tp(hr) Qp tp(hr) Qp tp(hr) 6 12.66 2.23 12.26 2.33 11.79 2.45 10.02 2.83 8.00 3.22 6.26 3.63 7 14.77 2.23 14.30 2.33 13.76 2.45 11.69 2.83 9.33 3.22 7.30 3.63 8 16.88 2.23 16.35 2.33 15.72 2.45 13.36 2.83 10.67 3.22 8.34 3.63 9 18.99 2.23 18.39 2.33 17.69 2.45 15.03 2.83 12.00 3.22 9.38 3.63 10 21.10 2.23 20.43 2.33 19.65 2.45 16.70 2.83 13.33 3.22 10.43 3.63 11 23.21 2.23 22.48 2.33 21.62 2.45 18.37 2.83 14.67 3.22 11.47 3.63 12 25.32 2.23 24.52 2.33 23.58 2.45 20.04 2.83 16.00 3.22 12.51 3.63 13 27.43 2.23 26.56 2.33 25.55 2.45 21.71 2.83 17.33 3.22 13.55 3.63 14 29.54 2.23 28.61 2.33 27.51 2.45 23.38 2.83 18.67 3.22 14.60 3.63 15 31.65 2.23 30.65 2.33 29.48 2.45 25.05 2.83 20.00 3.22 15.64 3.63 t 4.» v1 v2 w ( x 0.5 m) ( x 0.7 m) ( x 1.0 m)»» 4 mm/10 min 6 mm/10 min 8 mm/10 min 60m in 1(20 ) 9 mm/20 min 10 mm/20 min 11 mm/20 min '' 2(20 ) 9 mm/20 min 10 mm/20 min 11 mm/20 min 240 min z 9 mm/20 min 11 mm/20 min 12 mm/20 min '' ) 1.»» : 2003 ¾» 2. 1(20 ) : 2004 š» 3. 2(20 ) :x š»» wù w 60 240 4. z mw» 1mm 11 mm, 12 mm ùkû. 4.2.2 m w 1 y w» mw» w 1 ƒ ù, x 10 1 wš» m w 2004 10 w. w ü, y, š 3 3 w» m y w.» w w, w(moving sum), v1, v2» w w,» w» w 10 1 yw v ƒ. 10 1 yw ƒ ƒ ù, ƒx s x mw. ƒx s 5 (a) ùkü y w 1 p t w w wš, h 10 w ƒx w w 1 yw. 1 p w. n t ( j 0.5)r j j = 1 t = --------------------------------------- n n 2 r j j = 1 h = -------------- t j = 1 r j», r j j ùkü. x t t /2 t wš w x yw š ƒ w x mw ƒ x wš 10 w ƒx w w ƒx l 1 w. x ƒx s w 1 s 20 w s w ü 8 18 14 : 30 ~ 20 : 20, y 7 17 12 : 40~14 : 10, (3) (4)» m 105
5. 1 s š 8 5 20 : 50~21 : 30 mw, Method 1 x, Method 2 ƒx s, 10min Raifall 10 ùk ü. ü ( 6) 6» 15:20, 16:20, 17:10, 18:30 z ƒ w š, 6 (a) ùkù ƒx s wù ƒx ƒ wš» x š ù w x w 1 s wš. 20 w ƒx s ƒ w 17 : 30 ƒ wš, 15 : 30 x s wš v1 x s wš w, 17 : 30 v1, v2 s w wš. ƒ x s w 16 : 20~16 : 50 s, v1, v2 y s. y 7 17 12 : 40 l w l 1 z š ƒx s y w xw wš. x 13 : 10~13 : 30» y txwš ùkû. š x s x ƒx s z x ù x, x s 10 w 1 s ƒ, xw ùkû. t 5 x ƒx s w 1 s z z w x w s z ƒ w ù, x w xw ùkû. yw» mw» w 1 ƒ ù x 1 6. x ƒx s (ü : 8.18 14 : 30~20 : 20) 106 w wz «y
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wš» x w 1» ƒ» w m w wš w. 4.2.3 w» m w w» mw» w 10 x w 1 y w» w. x w 1 y k w,» ƒƒ» w z mw» wš w. m t 7» m w. 1 3~4 w 2 w ƒ w (2003) š ùkù d 2 10, 20 y ƒƒ 10.7 mm, 15.1 mm t 4 m» y d w š. ü 20 2 w 7 17 1z, 8 18 7z» v2 ƒ k w, 1, 2 z wš. y 20 2 w ù w 6 27 1z, 8 18 6z ü w. š 20 2 w ù w ƒ 6 27 2z, 7 17 2z, 8 2 4z, 8 3 3z, 8 18 4z ü, y w z» wš. 1 27z, 2 22z, z 20z 1 ƒ š. š 6 27 1 2z, v1, v2 wš ù, 2 z 1z ƒƒ wš. ü 8 18 w q (t 6). t 7 3 1 Thiessen w ƒ s³w ƒƒ» w. ü 0.21, y 0.19, š 0.61 š ƒ j., š w w e š w. ù z ƒ z ƒ y w ùkû. s³ w p w 1, 2, z ƒ w. 5. x, w,»» w» mw, mw. (1) x w 0.5 m t 7.» z ( s³ )»» 1 2 3 4 6.21 03:20 6.27 15:40 6.27 16:01 6.27 16:44 7. 7 11:25 6.27 16:02 6.27 16:04 6.27 16:06 7. 7 11:33 7. 7 11:36 6.27 16:02 6.27 16:04 6.27 16:06 7. 7 11:33 7. 7 11:36 6.27 16:02 6.27 16:06 6.27 16:08 7. 7 11:33 7.17 12:50 8. 2 17:57 8. 2 18:24 8. 3 17:10 8. 3 17:14 8. 3 17:18 8. 4 15:56 8.18 12:56 8.18 15:32 8.18 16:34 8.18 17:21 8.18 17:25 8.18 18:30 8.23 00:27 9.20 19:15 8. 3 17:18 8.18 17:30 8.18 18:32 8.18 18:35 7.17 12:55 7.17 12:57 7.17 12:58 8. 2 18:05 8. 2 18:07 8. 2 18:11 8. 3 17:15 8. 3 17:16 8. 3 17:17 8.18 15:38 8.18 17:27 8.18 18:28 8.23 0:39 7.17 12:55 7.17 12:57 7.17 12:58 8. 2 18:05 8. 2 18:07 8. 2 18:11 8. 3 17:15 8. 3 17:16 8. 3 17:17 8.18 15:38 8.18 17:27 8.23 0:39 7.17 12:55 7.17 12:58 7.17 13:00 8. 2 18:05 8. 2 18:11 8. 2 18:25 8. 3 17:15 8. 3 17:17 8. 3 17:19 8.18 15:38 8.18 17:30 8.23 0:39 22 z 5 z 20 z 18 z 17z 108 w wz «y
w» w w w š q. (2) w x d mw w, w s»w w, w xk w ƒ x mw w k mw yw v ƒ. (3) d 1 wš ù, 10 wš wz» w y l w q. (4) x ƒx s w 1 w, ƒx s p 2 xw ùkû, z x. x 1 xw ùkû ù, y x 10 w» wš z ƒ w 1 s ƒ w w ƒ» w w. (5) 1 y» mw» w, 1 18z~27z ƒ z d» w w v ƒ q. ù,» w d w v ƒ 1 w w z mƒ v w q. (6) x ³e 60 ü w w w š ù,» ƒ w ƒ 1 ƒ. w w w 60 w, x ƒ ƒ ƒ w ƒ w w v ƒ š q. (7) w ü w» wš w ƒ s³ w» kw w q ù, d mw w mƒ v w. š x, w w (2003) - -. ½ k, z, y (2002) y w w. w wz, w wz, 35 «, 5y, pp. 553-561. ½ k (2003) w y sƒ», w, w. (2004) y» l (II). x, ½yk, (2004) GIS GCUH w y». wm wz, wm wz, 24«, 4y, pp. 311-319. (2003) v w CN, w, w. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data (IAWCD) (1982) Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency, Bulletin #17B, subcommittee, U, S. Geological Survey, Reston Virginia. Jarrett, R.D. (1984) Hydraulics of High-Gradient Streams. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 110, No. 11, pp. 1519-1539. U. S. Department of commerce (1997) Automated Local Flood Warning Systems Handbook. Weather Service Hydrology Handbook No. 2. ú : 06 03 20 ú : 06 03 22 ú : 08 06 10» m 109