, (Barack Obama). *
(Jesse Ventura), (Social Network Service) (Meetup) (Network Campaign) (Howard Dean, ).,. ICT(Information Communication Technology). UCC(User Created Contents) ). (connector) (bridging capital)., (device) (platform) (contents) (bonding capital)... ) ( ).
, (text), (image), (voice), UCC,,..,...,,. (node),, (hub). (web analysis) (contents analysis),..,
., UCC,.,, ( ) ( ) ( ). )., A., ( ), ( ).., B,,,,. )...
A. ), C,. ).. ) C ). ) ( ) ) ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( a b a b) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ).. ICT
. ), D C,.. C D ( : ).,,.,,, ( ) ( ). TV (( b c) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ; ( a b ) ; ( ) ; ( ) ). ).
. TV TV, TV,, (DM, Direct Mail).., ( ) (Fireside Chats).. ) TV, TV TV. TV, TV. ), TV TV. (Daisy, Peace, Little Girl ) (Barry Goldwater) ) %.. ) TV. TV TV. - (equal time rule) TV. (Aspen Ruling) TV TV (Commission on Presidential Debates).
.,,. TV TV ),..,. (), (Westling : ).,, (Kellner ; ; )., (FCC) ( : ),. ) TV.
- (), -UCC () - ().., ) (www.jesseventura.org) ), (Steve Forbes) (www.forbes.com). (www.moveon.com), ( ( ). ) ) ( : ). ) http://. ).. ).
(Web Campaign), (Cyber Campaign),... ),.,,,., %. ).,, (Shirky : ). ) (FEC Federal Election Commission).... ) Pew Research % %. (Pew Research ).
(infrastructure).. UCC,.. UCC. (MeetUp.com, ). (Joe Trippi), %,., (Trippi, ). ) (get local). ) TV( ).
,., (Westling : ).. (blogger) ( ), (deancalltoaction.blogspot.com) (deanforamerica.com).. ) %, ). ) (archive.org/web/web.php). ) % UCC %% % (Pew Research). % % ( %) (%) (Williams Gulati : ).
. ).. (Shirky : -). UCC ). UCC (UCC ) ). UCC.. ) ) ) (Shirky : ). ) UCC UGC(User Generated Contents). ) UCC ( : -).
.. ). UCC. ) ),. UCC UCC, UCC. ) (dailycos.com) (crooksandliars.com) (hotair.com) (firedoglake.com) (mydd.com) (dumpjoe.com).. ) (americablog.com) (powerblog.com) (littlegreenfootballs.com). ) (John Aravosis) ( Blog Wars ). ) UCC video blogger Vlogger ( : ). UCC UCC (: -). ). Fremantle.
UCC (Rather Gate) CBS minutes. (Times New Roman). ( ). (Joseph Lieberman) vs (Ned Lamont) (Blog Wars). %. UCC. UCC vs. UCC. (George Allen) (Macaca : ) UCC..,.. UCC (viral video). (Conrad Burns) Conrad Burns Naptime UCC,. (Joe Biden). (Jim Talent) (McCaskill) J. (Harold Ford Jr.). UCC Harold call me!... (John Kerry) You get stuck in Iraq UCC.
,. UCC UCC,,.. )., UCC. Vote Different UCC. ) UCC ( : ). CNN ) UCC ) % %. % UCC %. %. % SMS (Pew Research). ) UCC IBM TV. ) % (You Choose ) (www.youtube.com/ youchoose Lizza ; Gumbel ; Jarvis ).
() () () () ( ). UCC. UCC.,,,. - (APAP).. / ( ).. (www.hilaryclinton.com) ( ) - UCC. ( ),, (, %, %, ) vote different ( : contribute.hillaryclinton.com, www.justhilary.com, www.justsaynodeal.com, BlogHillary, Hillblazers, Women for Hillary,,,., Fact Hub, Delegate Hub ) ( : www.stophernow.com, www.againsthilary.com) UCC (www.johnmccain.com)(mccainspace).( )., ( )... ( : phonecalls.johnmccain.com, store.johnmccain.com, events.johnmccain.com). rubico.. (holy taco).,. CBS.. ( ) The Real Rommy UCC
(Democratic Debate) (Republican Debate) UCC. ) CNN UCC (gatekeeping),. % UCC.,,,, ),..,. (: ). ) UCC. ) (Westling : ).
( ) ( ) ( ) (impact.myspace.com). (virtual presidential election).. %. % You Choose CNN UCC UCC (youtube.com/citizentube). UCC. Election Pulse. % %, %. ABC. debate group.. (headtohead.com).,, TV, TV UCC. UCC :. ). (iphone)
.,,, UCC. ),, ). ). RSS... (followers) ) -. ).. ICT. ).. (Myspace). ).
www.twitter.com/barackobama / / / www.docstoc.com www.scribd.com / www.smugmug.com www.flickr.com/photos/barackobamadotcom, / www.skype.com revver.com www.metacafe.com blip.tv UCC www.viddler.com youtube.com/user/barackobamadotcom /, /, ( ) /,, / my.barackobama.com / / www.myspace.com/barackobama ( ) / / www.bebo.com/barack / / www.eventful.com/in/barackobama (A) / /, ( ) /, / www.facebook.com/barackobama ( ), ( ) / www.glee.com/barack_obama / /. www.ning.com digg.com/users/obamaforamerica / www.linkedin.com/in/barackobama / www.linkedin.com/static?key=campaign_obama my.batangga.com/barackobama / (B) www.migente.com/barack_obama / /, www.blackplanet.com/barack_obama / /, www.asianave.com/barack_obama / /, www.eons.com/barackobama / / www.faithbase.com/barack_obama / /.
,,.,.,., )..,.,., UCC. UCC, UCC,,. UCC UCC. )...
,...,., A,,,,,,, B. B A B. B A, A. ). ) (Westling : ).
.,,,,.. (PCC, Proteur Created Contents)..
B. UCC UCC (B),,,. (A) ). ( ) ID, ( ). ).,. ( ). ). (Putnam : ). ).
,.,,,,,,,,.,,. - ( : - ).,,,.....,,.
., TV. )..,,., ICT.. (smart mob).. ) (Trippi : -).
, (cool cognition) (hot cognition) (monitor citizen).,. (strong tie), (weak tie) ( : ).,.,,.,., UCC, ( A ).,.,, (social capital) (political capital). ) ).
..,,,. (link).
...... :. :... web.. :... :............ :. :... :. :... :,,,,........ :.... :.... UCC............ : UCC.. -.
...... :..... :... UCC... :.. Axford, Barry Huggins, Richard eds.. New Media and Politics. Sage. Baraba si, Albert-La szlo... :. :. Confield, Micheal Rainie, Lee. The Impact of the Internet on Politics. http://www.pewinternet.org/ppt/pip_internet_and_politics.pdf( : ). Dannen, Chris. How Obama Won It With the Web. Fast Company Nov.. http:// www.fastcompany.com/articles/ //how-obama-won-it-with-the-web.html( : ). Davis, Steve Elin, Larry Reeher, Grant.. Click on democracy : The internet s power to change political apathy into civic action. Westview. Gumbel, Andrew.... The YouTube elections : how campaigns are being scrutinised as never before. The Independent. Gulati, Jeff Williams, Christine.... Study on Candidates use of Facebook, referenced in Bentley College professors update data on candidates use of Facebook as campaign heads into final days. Ascribe Newswire. Jamieson, Kathleen Hall... :. :. Jarvis, Jeff.... The YouTube campaign : Why YouTube gets my vote for political punditry. The Guardian. Lizza, Ryan.... The YouTube Election. The NewYork Times. Palau, Christian.. Obama McCain Hilary web..
http://www.slideshare.net/christianpalau/obama-mccain-hillary-web-presentation( : ). Sanson, Angela.. Facebook and youth mobilization in the presidential election. New Media, Technology and democracy(vol.. No.. Summer). Shirky, Clay.... :. Putnam, Robert.... :. The Pew Research Center.... Social Networking and Online Videos Take Off : Internet s broader role in campaign. Trippi, Joe... TV. :. Westling, Mike... Expanding the public sphere : the impact of Facebook on political communication. Williams, Andrew Paul Tedesco, John C. eds.. The Internet Election : Perspective on the Web in Campaign. Oxford : Rowman & Littlefield. Williams, Christine B. Gulati, Girish J. Social Networks in Political Campaigns : Facebook and the Midterm Elections. American Political Science Association Annual Meeting Paper(Aug.. ). (WayBackMachine) http://archive.org/ web/web.php. http://www.comscore.com (Politico) http://www.politico.com (Open Secrets) http://www.opensecrets.org. http://www.techpresident.com Blog Wars (Fremantle. EBS. :. ).