:.. 2005 11 2
,,..,.. (regime change)........ ( ) ( ).,,. 1) Robert Kagan, America s Crisis of Legitimacy, Foreign Affairs, March/April 2004, pp.65-87.. 2..,,. (ICC).,.
. (democratic globalism)., (democratic peace)..,.,,.,...,,....,.,,.. 2) Stefan Halper & Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neo-conservatives and the Global Order, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004, p.92.
.....,.,... (more humane).,..,,.. 3) Irving Kristol, Reflections of a Neoconservative: Looking Back, Looking Ahead, New York: Basic Books, 1983, pp.266-269. 1970,. The Human Rights Muddle 1978.
....,.....,,.. ( )........ 4) Norman Podhoretz, The Present Danger, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1980, pp.106-108,,, :, :, 1991, pp. 175-188.,,, 9 3 (2003 ), pp. 83-101.
..,....,......,... 5) Irving Kristol (1983), p.267. 6) Irving Kristol (1983), pp.268-269.
,.......,,,.... ) ; ),,, ; ).,. (imperial power). (world situation) 7) Irving Kristol (1983), pp.264-265. 8) Irving Kristol (1983), pp.264 & 266. 9) Irving Kristol, Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995, p.90. 1967 American Intellectuals and Foreign Policy.
..., (neorealist)..,,..,.,,,,.,,...,, 10) Irving Kristol (1995), pp.90-91. 11) Iriving Kristol (1995), p.38. 12) Jeane Kirkpatrick, Dictatorships and Double Standards: Rationalism and Reason in Politics (New York: A Touchstone Book, 1982), p.49. (1991), pp. 180-181.
..,..,...,...,,....... 13) Kirkpatrick (1982), p.31. 14) Kirkpatrick (1982), p.26. 15) Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitariansim, New Edition, New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1958, 1973, p.460.
(detotalitarization)...,,..,......,,. ( ),.,.,. 16) Arendt, pp.xxxvi-xxxvii. 17),. Seyla Benhabib, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000, 2003, p.xliv. 18) Arendt, op.cit., p.460..
.,,.,.. -.. -..,. -. 19) (modernity). Benhabib(2003), p.xlvi. 19) 1985,. Commentary 1980. Halper & Clarke, America Alone, op.cit., pp.75-76. 20) (Young Turks)
.,.,..,, ( )..,.,,. 21),,,. Halper & Clarke, op.cit., p.76. 2 1 2,,,,,, 2004 12 28. 21) 2, Charles Krauthammer, Universal Dominion: Toward a Unipolar World, National Interest, Winter 1989/1990, p.47..
,.,..,,,. ( )...... :. ( )...,, 22) George P. Schultz, Turmoil And Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State, New York: Charles Scribner s Sons, 1993, pp.525-526.
,,,,.,,,.,,,. -..., (director of policy planning)..,.. (strong and remarkable leadership). 23) Schultz, p.525. 24) James Mann, Rise of Vulcans: The History of Bush s War Cabinet, New York: Viking, 2004, p.122. 25) James Mann, pp.132 & 234, 26) Tim Shorrock, A Skewed History of Asia, The Nation, April 17, 2003.
.,.,..,,..,.,,. 27). James Mann, p.131. 28) James Mann, pp.134-135.
....,.... -.... 29) Halper & Clarke, p.90. 1992., Joshua Muravchik, Conservatives for Clinton, New Republic, November 1992. Halper & Clarke, p.81. 30),, 2...,,. Paul Wolfowitz, Victory Came Too Easily, National Interest, No.35 (Spring 1993-94), p.87. James Mann, pp.227-228.
(William Kristol),....,. (reorientation),.,.. (shadow defense establishment).., 31) Hanna Rosin, Memo Master, New Republic, November 7, 1994, pp.22-24. Halper & Clarke, p.102.,,. Charles Krauthammer, Democratic Realism: An American Foreign Policy for a Unipolar World, Washington, D.C.: AEI Press, 2004, AEI monograph. 32) John Judis, From Trotskyism to Anachronism, Foreign Affairs, July-August 1995. Halper & Clarke, pp.102-103.
.....,,..,,,,.,,...., -. (land for peace). 33) Halper & Clarke, p.103. 34) 1990,,,,,, 7 (2003), pp. 2-3.
. (Binymain Netanyahu),. (Douglas Feith), (David Wurmser)., (ABM treaty).,,. WMD,,,..,.,.... 35) (Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs: JINSA). Halper & Clarke, pp.106-107. 36) Richard Bernstein and Ross H. Munro, The Coming Conflict with America, Foreign Affairs, March/April 1997, pp.18-32.
.. (Project for New American Century: PNAC). PNAC.,,,,. PNAC (Committee for Peace and Security in the Gulf)..,. PNAC..,,,. 37) Halper & Clarke, p.99. 38) (Elliot Abrams),,,,,,,,,,, (Frank Gaffney),,,,. Halper & Clarke, p.103. 39) Robert Kagan and William Kristol, eds., Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy, San Francisco, CA.: Encounter Books, 2000.
,...,,. (strategy of American pre-eminence).,... (regime change)..,,,,.,.,,.... 40).. Kagan and Kristol (2000), p.13. 41) Kagan and Kristol (2000), p.14. 42) Kagan and Kristol (2000), pp.17-22.
,,,,.,,.. (principled internationalism).,,..,....., (American Enterprise Institute), 43) William J. Bennett, Morality, Character and American Foreign Policy, in Kagan and Kristol, eds., Present Dangers, op.cit., pp.289-305. 44) Kagan and Kristol (2000), p.24.
. (democratic realism)... ( ) ( ),., ( ).,.,......,, (targeted, focused, limited), (existential enemy)... (Islamic crescent).. 45) Charles Krauthammer (2004), op.cit., AEI monograph. 46) Charles Krauthammer, In defense of democratic realism, National Interest, Fall 2004. 47) Ibid.
. ( )........,.,,. 48) 1973 Capitalism, Socialism, and Nihilism, 1979 The Adversary Culture of Intellectuals, 1992 The Cultural Revolution and the Capitalist Future. Irving Kristol (1995), pp.92-135.
,.,,,,..., -,,.,, (realpolitik).,...... ( ).,,.. 49) Ole R. Holsti and James N. Rosenau, American Leadership in World Affairs: Vietnam and the Breakdown of the Consensus, Boston: Allen & Unwin, 1984. 50) Charles Krauthammer, In defense of democratic realism, op.cit. 51) (liberal internationalism) (realist internationalism).., ( :, 2001), 3, pp. 254-279.
. ( ), ( )...,..,...,.,. 52) Human Rights Watch, Arms Division, U.S.: Military Aid After 9 11 Threatens Human Rights, February 15, 2002. 53) Steven A. Cook, The Unspoken Power: Civil-Military Relations and the Prospects for Reform, The Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World, Analysis Paper No.7, The Brookings Institution, September 2004, p.1.
...,,,. :............ 54) Human Rights Watch, HRW World Report 2002: Anti-Terror Campaign Cloaking Human Rights Abuse: New Global Survey Finds Crackdown on Civil Liberties, January 16, 2002. 55) Natan Sharansky, Ron Dermer, and Anatoly Shcharansky, The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror, PublicAffairs, September 2004. 56) Steven Erlanger, Sharansky Is Quitting Israel s Cabinet, The New York Times, May 2, 2005.
,,..,,.,,.. ( )...,..,,. 57) Carnes Lodd, The Modern Prince: What Leaders Need to Know Now, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004. Anne Norton, Leo Strauss and the Politics of American Empire, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004, p.130.
.,.
..,,...,.. : :...,,,,.. : Arendt, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism, New Edition, New York: Harcourt Brace & Company,,. Benhabib, Seyla, The Reluctant Modernism of Hannah Arendt, New York: Rowman & Littlefield,,. Bennett, William J., Morality, Character and American Foreign Policy, in Robert Kagan and William Kristol, eds., Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy, San Francisco, CA.: Encounter Books,. Bernstein, Richard and Ross H. Munro, The Coming Conflict with America, Foreign Affairs, March/April. Cook, Steven A., The Unspoken Power: Civil-Military Relations and the Prospects for Reform, The Brookings Project on U.S. Policy Towards the Islamic World, Analysis Paper No., The Brookings Institution, September, p.. Erlanger, Steven Sharansky Is Quitting Israel s Cabinet, The New York Times, May,. Halper, Stefan & Jonathan Clarke, America Alone: The Neo-conservatives and the Global Order, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press,. Holsti, Ole R. and James N. Rosenau, American Leadership in World Affairs:
Vietnam and the Breakdown of the Consensus, Boston: Allen & Unwin,. Human Rights Watch, HRW World Report : Anti-Terror Campaign Cloaking Human Rights Abuse: New Global Survey Finds Crackdown on Civil Liberties, January,. Human Rights Watch, Arms Division, U.S.: Military Aid After Threatens Human Rights, February,. Judis, John, From Trotskyism to Anachronism, Foreign Affairs, July-August. Kagan, Robert, America s Crisis of Legitimacy, Foreign Affairs, March/April. Kagan, Robert and William Kristol, eds., Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy, San Francisco, CA.: Encounter Books,. Kirkpatrick, Jeane, Dictatorships and Double Standards: Rationalism and Reason in Politics, New York: A Touchstone Book,. Kristol, Irving, Reflections of a Neoconservative: Looking Back, Looking Ahead New York: Basic Books,. Kristol, Irving, Neoconservatism: The Autobiography of an Idea, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee,. Krauthammer, Charles, Universal Dominion: Toward a Unipolar World, National Interest, Winter /. Krauthammer, Charles, In defense of democratic realism, National Interest, Fall. Krauthammer, Charles, Democratic Realism: An American Foreign Policy for a Unipolar World, Washington, D.C.: AEI Press,, AEI monograph. Lodd, Carnes, The Modern Prince: What Leaders Need to Know Now, New Haven : Yale University Press,. Mann, James, Rise of Vulcans: The History of Bush s War Cabinet, New York: Viking,. Muravchik, Joshua, Conservatives for Clinton, New Republic, November.
Norton, Anne, Leo Strauss and the Politics of American Empire, New Haven: Yale University Press,. Podhoretz, Norman, The Present Danger, New York: Simon & Schuster,. Rosin, Hanna, Memo Master, New Republic, November,. Schultz, George P., Turmoil And Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State, New York: Charles Scribner s Sons,. Sharansky, Natan, Ron Dermer, and Anatoly Shcharansky, The Case for Democracy : The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror, PublicAffairs, September. Shorrock, Tim, A Skewed History of Asia, The Nation, April,. Wolfowitz, Paul, Victory Came Too Easily, National Interest, No. (Spring - ).