우주관의변천 -1 고대우주관 ( 코페르니크스이전 ) 눈으로관측되는천체및현상
Timeline in American 6000 B.C. : First Agriculture appears in the Mexican Highlands 5000 B.C. : Cultivation of corn in Mexico 3000 B.C. : Pottery appears in Mexico, Columbia and Equador 2000 B.C. : First permanent villages appear in Mesoamerica. 1500 B.C. : Earliest known Mesoamerican monuments; Rise of the Olmec civilization on the Gulf Coast of Mexico. 700 B.C. : Monte Alban founded 300 B.C. : Pottery appears across American Southwest 200 A.D. : Teotihuacan Empire at its height in Central Mexico 250 A.D. : Beginning of Classic Maya period 300 A.D. : Nazca Culture in Peru 500 A.D. : Rise of Anasazi culture in American Southwest. First stone buildings appear. 600 A.D. : Collapse of Teotihuacan. 900 A.D. : End of Classic Maya period; collapse of the lowland Maya empire. Begin Post- Classic Maya 920 A.D. : Building of Uxmal and other sites in the Yucatan. 920 A.D. : Pueblo Bonito Complex built in Chaco Canyon, N.M. Anasazi culture at its height. 1000 A.D. : Caracol at Chichen Itza constructed. 1100 A.D. : Decline of Chaco Anasazi culture; New settlements appear to the north. 1250 A.D. : Dresden Codex written. 1325 A.D. : Pueblo people in the Rio Grande area. Pueblo IV era 1519 A.D. : Cortez lands in Mexico.
Timeline in Asian 6500 B.C. : Farming begins in Asia.. 4500 B.C. : Copper Smelting and casting in Mesopotamia. 4000 B.C. : Pottery Kilns, and the invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia. 3500 B.C. : Invention of writing in Mesopotamia. 2500 B.C. : Pyramids in Egypt, Chinese wheel appears 2000 B.C. : Ziggarats appear in Babylon 1792 B.C. : Hammurabi rules Babylon. From 1792 until 1750 B.C. rules and expands laws, and architecture 1400 B.C. : Chinese eclipse records begin 500 B.C. : Selucid Empire -- Babylonian astronomy reaches high point 265 B.C. : The hemispherical dome cosmology is developed, which predicts a nearly round earth, surrounded by a trough of water. 120 B.C. : Loshia Hung develops celestial sphere cosmology, which provides complete explaination of star motions, and sets framework for mapping planetary motions. 100 B.C. : Round earth theory and infinite empty space cosmology proposed. Chinese astronomers estimate the size of the round moon and earth. 28 B.C. : Chinese record sunspots for the first time 200 A.D. : Unification of China 250 A.D. : Water powered astronomical globes developed in China 700 A.D. : Beginning of Muslim Conquests 820 A.D. : Muslim astronomy in Baghdad flowers 940 A.D. : Oldest Chinese star map -- The Tunhuang manuscript star-map showing contellations. 1090 A.D. : Su-sung's armillary sphere developed. 1193 A.D. : The Suchow planisphere developed by the astronomer Huang Shang. 1247 A.D. : The Suchow planisphere committed to stone. 1350 A.D. : Chinese invent equatorial mounting for astronomical instruments
timeline in European 6000 B.C. : End of Channel land bridge; Britian separated from mainland 5000 B.C. : Early Neolithic period ; first farmers and megalithic tombs appear in Britain and Brittany 3500 B.C. : Building of Newgrange, Ireland; earliest construction of Stonehenge I underway. 2500 B.C. : Maes Howe 2300 B.C. : Stone megaliths appear at Stonehenge 2000 B.C. : Bronze introduced in Britain 1200 B.C. : Collapse of Minoan empire 1100 B.C. : Trojan War 624 B.C. : Birth of Thales. 385 B.C. : Eudoxus of Rhodes visits Plato's Academy 300 B.C. : Greek science reaches its height. 147 B.C. : Hipparchos develops star catalog, develops techniques for measuring stellar brightness and distance. 140 A.D. : Ptolemney's Almagest written; Greek science begins to decline soon afterwards. 450 A.D. : Decline and fall of Roman Empire 850 A.D. : Charlemagne founds Holy Roman Empire 1000 A.D. : Vikings discover America 1473 A.D. : Birth of Copernicus 1543 A.D. : Publication of De Revolutionibus, Copernicus' master work.
눈으로보이는천체들 해 양력 달 음력 별 ( 항성 ) 별자리 ( 신화 ), 황도 12 궁 떠돌이별 ( 행성 ) 점성술 살별, 꼬리별 ( 혜성 ) 객성, 신성 그밖의중요한천체현상 일식, 월식
태양의길 황도 12 궁
황도 12 궁
양황소쌍둥이게사자사자처녀처녀천칭천칭전갈전갈궁수궁수바다염소물병물고기
행성들의역행운동
헤일 - 밥혜성
Eqyptian alignments Temple at Karnak Certain alignments correspond to summer solstice sunset and winter solstice sunrise. Pyramid of Khufu at Giza Shafts from the King's chamber point to: Location of Polaris 5000 years ago Former position of Orion's belt The significance of these things is in thier mythology. The pyramid is also aligned perfectly N-S and E-W.
Temple at Karnac Karnac ;sunrise of winter solstice
Khufu s Pyramid 피라미트의천문학적의미
이집트시대사용한 측정기 :Merkhet 별이정남을지날때
Merkhet 를사용 : 별측정
안시관측때천체사이의각도측정기준
고대천문학의발자취 고대천문학 크로마뇽 (3만 5천년전 ) : 뼈에달의위상가장오래된유물 : 살리스버리평원 ( 영국 ) 거석구조물 (Stonehenge)
Stonehenge One of about 900 megalithic circles in the British Isles. (also Avebury) Consists of several concentric circles built in three periods, beginning about 2800 BC. The largest stones weigh 50 tons, and were transported from many miles away. Viewed from the center, the sun rises over the heel stone at the summer solstice. (This was first noted in modern history in 1771.) Gerald Hawkins (in the 1960's) found many other alignments which were verified by computer. He claimed that it could also be used to predict eclipses. There were some errors, some doubts, and reinterpretations (about 4000 years ago, the sun would have risen to the left of the heel stone.) Much is not understood, such as the Aubrey Holes - how many markers were used? How often and how far were they moved? When were they calibrated?
사리스버리평원의거석
Newgrange In County Meath, Ireland, British Isles Underground chambers (tombs) with passageways which point to the rising sun at Winter Solstice. Window allows light to enter at sunrise on the first day of winter.
1. 중동 - 티그리스, 유프라데스 BC 3000 : 사마리아인설형문천문관측기록, 진흑판 BC 1700 : 바빌로니아행성기록진흑황도 12 궁, 1년 12 개월, 윤월 60 진법 BC 600-800 : 아씨리아 -> 칼데아인천문기록축적 : 태양, 달, 행성운동, 식예측
기원전 1-2 세기에바빌로니아의목성에대한기록
2. 중국 BC 2000: 히와호 (2137 BC) 일식예측실패 : 처형 BC 4 세기 : 시간측정, 달력사용점성술 : 북극영역별자리 : 귀족서열쉬쉔 ; 809 개의별목록 ( 희랍의히파구스보다 200 년전 ) BC 1 세기 : 달의운동도표 : 식예측지구세차운동 중세 : 천체현상기록 (1054 년초신성기록 )
Chinese alignments A tower was built in 1270 AD to measure the sun's shadow. The shadow of the tower was shortest at noon, and the very shortest at the summer solstice. (Markers on the ground locate shadow positions.)
3. 인도 기록없이전설 BC 1500 : 달운동기록 BC 1100 : 태양년기초의달력밝은천체 : 신, 여신이름명명 BC 961 : 라마황태자시대행성들의운동주기에관한표태양과달의 247년주기관측 BC 1 세기 : 인도 + 바빌론 + 희랍
한국 -1 단군신화, 단군조선 : 강화도마니산첨성단 ( 별제사 ) BC 1682 : 왕명지 = 농업용달력 낙낭시대고분 : 달, 북두칠성, 황도근처별자리 BC 722 : 기자조선 : 일식기록 삼국유사, 삼국사기 : 일식, 월식, 오행 ( 금, 수, 화, 목, 토 ), 혜성기록
한국 -2 AD674 : 신라선덕여왕 ; 첨성대 고구려 : 삼가성도 (283 개별자리 1464 개별 <= 중국 ) 백제 : 점술역서의일본전수 AD 602 ; 관륵 해동역사문헌비고 : 혜성기록 : 고구려 (8), 백제 (15), 신라 (29) 일식기록 : 고구려 (11), 백제 (26), 신라 (29) 유성우, 운석낙하, 엄폐현상, 객성 ( 신성, 변광성 ), 흑점, 태양현상기록, 해시계, 물시계