미국의바이오전력현황
Agenda for Today s Presentation Status of Biopower in the U.S. DOE Biopower R&D and Program Highlights Potential for Collaborative Efforts
U.S. Renewable Generating Capacity Hydroelectric 82.8% Wind 2.3% Geothermal 3.0% Biomass 11.5% Solar/Photovoltaic 0.4% Renewable Energy InfoCard 1999, Energy Information Administration, Department of Energy
Status of Biopower in U.S. Currently Installed: U.S. Biomass Power: 7,000 MW (mostly pulp and paper, does not include MSW and landfill gas) Over 500 facilities in U.S. generate electricity from wood or wood waste
Program Mission and Vision The mission of the Biopower Program is, in partnership with industry, to encourage the development and utilization of biopower technologies that are competitive with conventional power systems.
Goal Program Goal By 2010, develop biopower technology to enable the addition of approximately 11,000 MWe of new biopower capacity. Technology MW-On Line Energy Displaced (Quads/Yr) Cofiring 8,000 0.5 Small Modular 700 0.1 Gasification/Biorefinery 2,300 0.1 Totals 11,000 0.7 Based on Government Performance Results Act (GPRA)
Program Strategy Technologies Success in Biomass Policies Markets
Technologies The Technology Strategy is to: develop integrated biopower systems in partnership with industry provide technical assistance and information on biopower s potential as sustainable power Develop reliable, low cost, high yield feedstocks that provide environmental benefits. Committed to a portfolio of near-, mid-, and long-term R&D.
Policies Expand current tax credit to include Ag and Farm residues Renew tax credit for biomass to include cofiring and openloop Expand number of states with Renewable Portfolios Standard Establish Cofiring as a viable emissions reduction scheme
Markets Establish Cofiring as a viable emissions reduction scheme Utilize biopower technologies to address animal waste issues Provide incentives to lower the costs of new plants RD&D partnerships with energy producers and supplier companies Partner with deregulated power industry to promote Biopower Provide data and analysis for Environmental groups
Major Program Elements The US DOE Biopower Technology R&D Program consists of 5 Program Elements: Feedstock Production Systems Development Thermochemical Conversion Regional Biomass Energy Programs Bioenergy
Biomass Feedstocks Resource is Prevalent and Widespread Wood Residues Sawdust Wood chips Wood waste pallets crate discards wood yard trimmings Agricultural Residues Corn stover Rice hulls Sugarcane bagasse Animal waste Energy Crops Hybrid poplar Switchgrass Willow
Feedstock Development Program Collaboration between OPT, OTT, USDA performed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory Screened over 150 woody and herbaceous species as potential energy crops Validating the technical and economic viability of integrated supply systems More than 100,000 acres of short-rotation woody crops established by industry to date
Systems Development Near Term Cofiring (Rural Development) Mid Term Modular Systems Long Term Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle
CoFiring Commercialize and promote biomass cofiring using the least cost approach Broaden the base of utilities employing biomass in existing generating units Increase the number and type of technologies used in cofiring
Cofiring FY 2002 Highlights Continuing Rural Development Projects in New York and Iowa: New York Salix (Willow) Dunkirk Power Plant 10-15 MWe from biomass Iowa Switchgrass Ottumwa Generating Station Up to 35 MWe from biomass Expanding cofiring techniques by exploring advanced technologies that will enhance system reliability, including work with municipalities and electric cooperatives.
Small Modular Biopower Systems Working with industry to develop small, modular biopower systems Power range from 5 kw to 5 MW Cost-shared contracts awarded in gasification and combustion technologies
Small Modular Biopower- FY 2002 Highlights Phase III of the Small Modular Biopower effort will be started to demonstrate modular system prototypes and will expand to include other feedstock areas. System configurations will encourage the use of advanced power generating components such as microturbines and fuel cells. Initiating collaborative activities with U.S. Forest Service utilizing SMS systems in conjunction with forest health/fire mitigation projects by using the thinning and brush as fuel for power production.
Gasification Developing gasification technologies for the conversion of biomass into clean, sustainable energy and other products Elements: Build on successful and existing technology platforms Plan and implement a robust R&D program Establish supportive infrastructure
Gasification - FY2002 Highlights Phase I awards made September-2001 for five new advanced biomass gasification projects. Emery Recycling Salt Lake City, UT: IGCC and IGFC concepts based on Emery gasifier using segregated MSW and animal wastes, agricultural residues Sebesta Roseville, MN: Blomberg Alliant Energy UTRC CP&L Lansing, IA: Atmospheric gasification with gas turbine and SI engines at malting facility using barley residues and corn stover Combined cycle concept using fluid bed pyrolizer using Corn Stover East Hartford, CT: Biomass gasifier coupled to aero-derivative turbine with fuel cell and steam turbine options utilizing Clean wood residues and NG Raleigh, NC: Biomass gasification to produce a reburning fuel stream for utility boilers utilizing clean wood residues
Thermochemical Conversion R&D NREL Thermochemical Users Facility Develop and demonstrate integrated biomass gasification-power generation systems (diesel, Stirling, fuel cell) Emphasis on developing appropriate gas cleanup and conditioning operations as a function of gasifier type, feedstock, and power generation device fuel requirements
Regional Biomass Energy Program Technology Transfer Network Northeast - 11 States Southeast 13 States Great Lakes 7 States NORTHWEST WESTERN GREAT LAKES NORTHEAST Western 13 States SOUTHEAST Northwest 5 States
Bioenergy Integration R&D The Biopower Program, while managed separately, fully coordinates with the Biofuels and Bioproducts Programs within the Department. Each of these three programs provide funding for an annual Bioenergy Integration Effort and a Bioenergy Solicitation. The solicitation specifically seeks research projects that develop technology to produce a combination of power, fuels, or products.
FY 2002 Program Snapshot FY2001 Enacted FY2002 Requested Change Program Total $39.7M $37.8M - $1.9M Thermochemical Conversion 3.4 4.0 + 0.6 Systems Development (Co-firing, Gasification, Small Modular Systems, Rural Development) 25.7 26.6 + 0.9 Feedstock Development 3.3 3.5 + 0.2 Regional Biomass Energy Program 1.3 1.2-0.1 Bioenergy 6.0 2.5-3.5 FY 2002 Highlights Gasification R&D will include examination of gas conditioning and gas clean up technologies Phase I awards for five new advanced biomass gasification projects Rural Development Projects continue in NY and IA Collaboration with US Forest Service on SMB systems in forest management schemes Bioenergy broad-based solicitation examining innovative concepts for application in the gasification process
Bush Administration s National Energy Policy The policy makes several recommendations in support of biopower efforts: Chapter 6.7:...recommends...to extend and expand tax credits for electricity produced using wind and biomass. Chapter 6.1:...recommends...to re-evaluate access limitations to federal lands in order to increase renewable energy production, such as biomass... Chapter 7.11: Review New Source Review regulations