한수지 49(6), 823-829, 2016 Original Article Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6),823-829,2016 배합사료내야콘, 생강및블루베리첨가에따른조피볼락 (Sebastes schlegeli) 치어의성장, 혈액성상및 Streptococcus iniae 감염에미치는영향 이기욱 김희성 조성환 * 박찬일 1 하민수 2 한국해양대학교해양생명과학부, 경상대학교해양생명과학과 1, 대한사료 2 Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Yacon, Ginger and Blueberry on Growth, Feed Utilization, Serum Chemistry and Challenge Test against Streptococcus iniae of Juvenile Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli Ki Wook Lee, Hee Sung Kim, Sung Hwoan Cho*, Chan-Il Park 1 and Min-Su Ha 2 Division of Marine BioScience, College of Ocean Science and Technology, Korea Maritime University, Busan 49112, Korea 1 Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea 2 Daehanfeed Co., Ltd., Incheon 22300, Korea Yacon (YC), ginger (GG) and blueberry (BB) were added to the diet of juvenile rockfish Sebastes schlegeli to investigate the effects of these substances on growth, feed utilization and resistance to Streptococcus iniae compared to feed additive ethoxyquin. A total of 480 fish were distributed in 12 tanks and four experimental diets [control (Con), with 0.01% ethoxyquin, and 1% YC, GG and BB diets] were provided in triplicate. After an 8-week feeding trial, 20 fish from each tank were infected with Streptococcus iniae. Fish fed the BB diet had higher weight gain than fish fed the GG and Con diets. Feed efficiency of fish fed the GG and YC diets was higher than that of fish fed the BB and Con diets. The protein efficiency ratio of fish fed the GG diet was higher than that of fish fed any other diet. The cumulative mortality 54 h after infection of fish fed the Con diet was higher than that of fish fed any other diet. These results indicate that YC, GG, and BB are effective dietary additive, not only improving growth performance and feed utilization but also lowering the mortality of juvenile rockfish exposed to S. iniae. Key words: Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli, Streptococcus iniae, Cumulative mortality 서론 (Sebastes schlegeli) 1980 2015 (85,448 ) (45,759 : 53.6%) (18,774 : 22.0%) (KOSIS, 2016). (Kim et al., 2001; Cho et al., 2015), (Lee and Kim, 2009), (Lee, 2002), (Lee et al., 2000; Mizanur et al., 2014), (Lee et al., 1996; Jeon et al., 2014) lysozyme (Hwang et al., 2013) Vibrio alginolyticus (Kim et al., 1999).,.., http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2016.0823 Korean J Fish Aquat Sci 49(6) 823-829, December 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 6 October 2016; Revised 30 November 2016; Accepted 5 December 2016 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 410. 4755 Fax: +82. 51. 404. 4750 E-mail address: chosunh@kmou.ac.kr Copyright 2016 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 823 pissn:0374-8111, eissn:2287-8815
824 이기욱ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환ㆍ박찬일ㆍ하민수 (WHO, 2006).. [Yacon (YC), Polymnia sochifolia Poeppig & Endlicher] polyphenol (Kim et al., 2010; Park et al., 2012), (Kim, 2013). Choi et al. (2010) Staphylococcus aureus. Kim et al. (2016) YC. [Ginger (GG), Zingiber officinale Roscoe] gingerols shogaol (Sebiomo et al., 2011), (Ekwenye and Elegalam, 2005) (Balestra et al., 2011). Akintobi et al. (2013) Salmonella typhi Proteus mirabilis,. (Nya and Austin, 2009; Talpur et al., 2013; Hassanin et al., 2014). [Blueberry (BB), Vaccinium ashei Reade] anthocyanin (Jeong et al., 2012; Vizzotto et al., 2013; Deng et al., 2014), (Dunlap et al., 2006; Molan et al., 2008; Papandreou et al., 2009).. ethoxyquin (6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline; EQ) (Thorisson et al., 1992), Wang et al. (2015) (Lateolabrax japonicus) EQ 13.78 mg/kg diet. Streptococcus sp. (Choi et al., 2010; Jung et al., 2012). YC, GG BB, S. iniae EQ. 실험어및사육조건 재료및방법 2, 1 2 ( : 52%, 12%) 2-4%. [ (Mean SE: 4.3 0.01 g)] 12 50 L ( : 45 L) 40. 1.41 L/min, aeration. 실험사료의준비 Table 1.,.. 0.1% EQ (, ) (Con). 1% YC, GG BB (, ) 1%. 3:1. -20. 8 1 2 (09:00, 17:00). 일반성분분석,, AOAC (1990). Kjeldahl method (Auto Kjeldahl System, Buchi B-324/435/412, Switzerland) ether-extraction method, 550 C 4, 105 C dry oven 24. 채혈및혈액성상분석 8 1, 5 50 ppm,. Automatic Chemistry System (HITACHI 7180/7600-210, Hitachi, Japan) total protein, total cholesterol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) triglyceride.
배합사료내사료첨가제가조피볼락치어면역성에미치는영향 825 Table 1. Ingredients (%, DM basis) and nutrient composition of the experimental diets Ingredients (%) Experimental diets Con YC 1 GG 1 BB 1 Fish meal 2 63.5 63.5 63.5 63.5 Fermented soybean meal 3 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Wheat flour 22.9 22.0 22.0 22.0 Ethoxyquin 4 0.1 Additives 1 1 1 Squid liver oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Soybean oil 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Vitamin premix 5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Mineral premix 6 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Choline 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Nutrients (%) Dry matter 90.9 90.8 90.8 90.4 Crude protein 50.9 51.2 51.1 51.0 Crude lipid 10.3 10.1 10.1 10.1 Ash 11.0 11.2 10.9 10.9 1 YC (Yacon), 1 GG (Ginger), and 1 BB (Blueberry) were purchased from Tojongherb Co Ltd. (Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea). 2 Fish meal and was purchased from Abank Co Ltd. (Seocho-gu, Seoul, Korea). 3 Fermented soybean meal was supplied by CJ CheilJedang Corp. (Jung-gu, Seoul, Korea). 4 Ethoxyquin was supplied from Chunhajeil feed Co Ltd. (Daedeok-gu, Daejeon, Korea). 5 Vitamin premix contained the following amount which were diluted in cellulose (g/kg mix): L-ascorbic acid, 121.2; DL-α-tocopheryl acetate, 18.8; thiamin hydrochloride, 2.7; riboflavin, 9.1; pyridoxine hydrochloride, 1.8; niacin, 36.4; Ca-D-pantothenate, 12.7; myo-inositol, 181.8; D-biotin, 0.27; folic acid, 0.68; p-aminobenzoic acid, 18.2; menadione, 1.8; retinyl acetate, 0.73; cholecalciferol, 0.003; cyanocobalamin, 0.003. 6 Mineral premix contained the following ingredients (g/kg mix): MgSO 4 7H 2 O, 80.0; NaH 2 PO 4 2H 2 O, 370.0; KCl, 130.0; ferric citrate, 40.0; ZnSO 4 7H 2 O, 20.0; Ca-lactate, 356.5; CuCl, 0.2; AlCl 3 6H 2 O, 0.15; KI, 0.15; Na 2 Se 2 O 3, 0.01; MnSO 4 H 2 O, 2.0; CoCl 2 6H 2 O, 1.0. S. iniae 에의한공격성실험 (challenge test) 8 20 7.9 10 6 CFU/L S. iniae (FP5024) 0.1 ml. 7, 4 6 3 12.,. 통계분석 One-way ANOVA Duncan s multiple range test (Duncan, 1955) SAS version 9.3 program (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). 결과및고찰 8, Table 2. 100%. BB Con GG (P<0.05), YC (P>0.05). YC, GG BB Con (P<0.05). Kim et al. (2016) ( ) YC, GG BB. (Choi et al., 2004), (Kim et al., 2005), (Cho and Lee, 2012), (Cho et al., 2013),, (Yun et al., 2016). 8, Table 3. BB (YC, Con, GG) (P<0.05), GG (P<0.05). GG YC BB Con (P<0.05). GG BB, YC Con, Con (P<0.05). GG. GG Con 0.1-1% GG (Oncorhynchus mykiss), (Lates calcarifer) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) ( ) (Nya and Austin, 2009; Talpur et al., 2013; Hassanin et al., 2014). 0.5% Chlorella (Bai et al., 2001) Lycium chinense (Lim et al., 2009)
826 이기욱ㆍ김희성ㆍ조성환ㆍ박찬일ㆍ하민수 Table 2. Survival (%), weight gain (g/fish) and specific growth rate (SGR) of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed the experimental diets containing various sources of additives for 8 weeks Experimental diets Initial weight (g/individual) Final weight (g/individual) Survival (%) Weight gain (g/individual) SGR 1 (%/day) Con 4.2±0.00 16.3±0.02 b 100.0±0.00 a 12.1±0.02 c 2.40±0.002 b YC 4.3±0.01 16.5±0.02 a 100.0±0.00 a 12.3±0.02 ab 2.43±0.002 a GG 4.3±0.01 16.5±0.02 a 100.0±0.00 a 12.2±0.02 b 2.42±0.003 a BB 4.3±0.01 16.6±0.02 a 100.0±0.00 a 12.3±0.03 a 2.43±0.006 a Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). YC, Yacon; GG, Ginger; BB, Blueberry. 1 SGR (%/day) = (Ln final weight of fish - Ln initial weight of fish) 100/days of feeding trial. Table 3. Feed consumption (g/fish), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed experimental diets containing various sources of additives for 8 weeks Experimental diets Feed consumption (g/fish) FE (%) 1 PER 2 Con 11.6±0.03 b 104±0.2 b 2.06±0.004 c YC 11.6±0.06 b 106±0.5 a 2.08±0.009 b GG 11.5±0.03 c 107±0.2 a 2.13±0.003 a BB 11.8±0.03 a 105±0.1 b 2.09±0.003 b Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). YC, Yacon; GG, Ginger; BB, Blueberry. 1 Feed efficiency (FE, %) = Weight gain of fish 100/feed consumed. 2 Protein efficiency ratio (PER) = Weight gain of fish/protein consumed.. 8 total protein, total cholesterol, GPT, GOT triglyceride Table 4. (P>0.05)., (Jeon et al., 2013). 8 20 S. iniae, 7 Fig. 1. 24 Con GG Cumulative mortality (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Elapsed time (day) Con YC GG BB Fig. 1. Cumulative mortality of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed the experimental diets containing various sources of additives for 8 weeks, and then infected by Streptococcus iniae (means of triplicates±se)., 54 ( 7 ) YC, GG BB Con (P<0.05). S. iniae,, (Baeck et al., 2006). YC, BB GG 7 S. parauberis Kim et al. (2016). EQ, Kim et al. (2016) Table 4. Serum chemistry of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli fed experimental diets containing various sources of additives for 8 weeks Experimental diets Total protein (g/dl) Total cholesterol (mg/dl) GPT (IU/L) GOT (IU/L) Triglyceride (mg/dl) Con 4.16±0.061 a 212.0±1.73 a 1.7±0.33 a 45.0±5.86 a 290.3±20.28 a YC 3.81±0.284 a 184.7±18.22 a 2.3±0.88 a 39.3±11.46 a 246.0±45.62 a GG 4.29±0.144 a 206.7±5.24 a 1.3±0.33 a 53.7±7.22 a 275.7±5.21 a BB 4.29±0.115 a 205.7±13.42 a 2.3±0.67 a 39.3±2.33 a 240.3±21.18 a Values (means of triplicate±se) in the same column sharing a common superscript are not significantly different (P>0.05). YC, Yacon; GG, Ginger; BB, Blueberry.
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