THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2017 Feb.; 28(2), 129138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2017.28.2.129 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) PT- Doppler Profile Extraction to Air-Breathing Targets with PT-Waveform Received Signal and Target Tracking Information on a Ground Radar 오현석 김수근 Hyun-Seok OhSoo-Geun Kim 요약 (signature). (pulse train), (aspect angle).,,.,. Abstract This paper has been shown for the extraction of Doppler signature from the radar signal for an air-breathing targets tracked in the ground radar. For the extractions, a Doppler resolution is confirmed from mathematical modeling of PT(pulse train) waveform. Doppler signatures of air-breathing target are varied to radar aspect angle of engine and are determined from physical parameter of jet engine. To confirm such Doppler signatures, the radar signal reflected from the air-breathing target is obtained by our radar signal storage. After this extraction, radar aspect angle of engine has estimated from tracking information. Relative differences of Doppler signatures to radar aspect angle of engine is verified from these results and Doppler profiles for radar target identification appliance are presented. Key words: Radar Signal, Doppler Signature, Pulse Train. 서론 PT [1],[2].. (DS: Doppler Spread) (JEM Jet Engine Modulation),,,. (Agency for Defense Development) Manuscript received November 21, 2016 ; Revised January 9, 2017 ; Accepted February 17, 2017. (ID No. 20161121-121) Corresponding Author: Hyun-Seok Oh (e-mail: ohs1231@naver.com) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 129
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017., (target recognition) [2]. [3],[4]. JEM [5] JEM [6],.. PT. JEM DS,,.. PT 파형에의한항공기도플러형상 2-1 레이다 PT 파형의도플러특성. PT. PT 1, ( ), ( ), (), PT ( ). PT [1]. PT 1 (1), (2), PT 표 1. PT Table 1. PT waveform parameters available at ground radar. 8.511.5 usec < 600 46 % - >500 910 GHz. PT sin sin sin sin (1). (1) sinc, 2 ( ) ()/(+) sinc. ( ) (2).. (2) PT ± [1], (3). ( ) () (+), 1 sinc. sin sin sin sin (3) 130
PT- Normalized Amplitude Normalized Amplitude 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 duty ratio=1% duty ratio=10% duty ratio=20% 0-4.8-3.2-1.6 0 1.6 3.2 4.8 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 velocity[km/s] (a) (a) Spectrum to duty ratio # pulse=100 # pulse=300 # pulse=500 0-50 - 40-30 - 20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 velocity[m/s] (b) (b) Spectrum to pulse number 1 1 PT. 1(a) 4.8 10 3 m/s () 10 %. 1(b) ( ). 300, 1(a), (b) 1 PT 800 m/s. 1(c) 0. PT (±) 800800 m/s, 600 m/s (Mach 2) PT. 300 m/s () x (), 1 sinc., 600 m/s () x (+). 1, 500 3 m/s,. PT PT. 2-2 제트엔진을갖는항공기도플러형상 (c) (c) Spectrum to velocity 그림 1. PT Fig. 1. Velocity spectrum analysis of PT waveform for parameter variation.. 2. 2(a) (high-bypass) [7]. 131
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017. (a) [7] (a) Hi-bypass turbofan engine [7] z (a) JEM (a) JEM by fan blade 팬블레이드 x y 허브 빈공간 (b) (b) Cross section on blades 그림 2. Fig. 2. Physical configuration of jet engine., 2, 3. 2(a). 2(b) /, -..,. JEM, 3(a). (b) DS (b) DS by turning cylindrical structure 그림 3. Fig. 3. Velocity spectrum of Doppler modulation. JEM [2] (4). sin (4) (4) (envelop). 1 ( ). (4) 132
PT-. (4) sinc n /. (4). (). (RPM) (5). ± Hz ± Hz (5) 2(a) RP M JEM. 2 2. 2 2 3(a). RP M ( ), ± JEM,., ± ± JEM. 2(b)., [8]. 3(b),, DS. (7) ( ) ( ) 표 2. JEM Table 2. Frequency sapcing in the JEM spectrum. Stage Blade RPM Frequency 1 ± 2 ± ± ±,. [2],. m ax ± Hz (6) 777-200., RCS. 777-200. 777-200 PW-4000-112 [9], 3.,.. (5) (6) 777-200, 4. JEM. 표 3. 777-200 (PW4000-112) [9] Table 3. Information for the jet engine of B777-200. Manufacture SHAFT rotation(max.) Pratt & Whitney 10,850 RPM # of fan 22 Fan length 61 inch(1.4 m) Rotation CCW 133
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017. 표 4. 777-200 Table 4. Theoretical Doppler modulation value to B777-200. JEM DS (Max) 71 m/s 250 m/s,.. 레이다도플러형상추출및분석 3-1 수신신호저장장치를이용한도플러형상추출 4 [10]. RF IF. IF - I/Q. [11] I/Q,. (DDCM) I/Q.. S/W., I/Q. I/Q PT,, S/W PT. 5 PT. R-V, (V), (R)., 그림 4. [10] Fig. 4. Simplified radar-received-signal storage structure in the radar. PT [1] 1.5 km. 3 m/s. 3-2 추적정보를이용한측각계산 (a) (a) Processing result (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 5. PT Fig. 5. PT signal processing result to the real air breathing target received signal. 134
PT-., PT. 180, 0. 6(a). 180 0., (8). (a) ( ) (a) Aspect angle cos (7). (b) (b) Aspect angle to tracking time cos (8), (10). cos (9) 200 m 360 PT. B777-200, (10) 6(b). 6(c). 200 m/s (c) (c) Tracking target radial velocity 그림 6. Fig. 6. Aspect angle and velocity of radar for the air breathing target., 0 m/s +250 m/s. 90 0 m/s. 50 90, 90 160. 6(b), (c) 135
THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 28, no. 2, Feb. 2017. PT. 3-3 도플러형상추출결과 7. DS 0 JEM. 5 7 (A, B, C, D). A, B DS, C, D JEM. DS, JEM 3 (peak). DS 5 A, B 236.5 m/s, 226.5 m/s 4 (±250 m/s), DS. 5 C, D JEM () 71 m/s, 74 m/s 4. 8(a) DS A PT, (R: 1.16 km) (V: 129.1 m/s) 8(b). 표 5. 8 (A, B, C, D) Table 5. Value of Doppler signature from Fig. 8 at time A, B, C, D. /2 JEM ( ) A DS 53.5 236.5 m/s - B DS 71.5 226.5 m/s - C JEM 148.4-74 m/s D JEM 156.9-71 m/s A: 2900090 tick, B: 3097041 tick, C: 3594484 tick, D: 3811231 tick. (a) (a) Processing result (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 8. 53.5 ( 5- A) Fig. 8. Doppler signature at aspect angle 53.5 (Table 5-A). 그림 7. Fig. 7. Doppler signature of tracking aircraft by radar signal process.. [11] CFAR 2 DS. 9 JEM C. 136
PT- (a) (a) Processing result 그림 10. Fig. 10. Doppler profile to the aspect angle from the civil aircraft. (b) (b) Velocity spectrum 그림 9. 148.4 ( 5- C) Fig. 9. Doppler signature at aspect angle 148.4 (Table 5-C). JEM (R: 0.82 km) (V: 210.0 m/s) peak, 5. 40 80 DS, 120 170 JEM., DS JEM. 3-4 측각에대한도플러프로파일 7. ( ) 7., DS JEM. 6(b) 7. JEM DS, 0, JEM DS (Relative Doppler Velocity) 10. DS JEM, 10., DS, (6) [12]. 130180 JEM 0. JEM DS.. 1 137
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