Review and Analysis of Energy-Efficient MAC Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks A wireless sensor network consists of sensor nodes which are expected to be battery-powered and hard to replace or recharge. Thus, reducing the energy consumption of sensor nodes is an important design consideration in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we introduce existing energy-efficient MAC protocols, routing protocols, Cross Layer issues and standard technologies for wireless sensor networks. We here analyze two MAC protocols: Sensor MAC (S-MAC) and Timeout MAC (T-MAC) protocols which were proposed as energy-efficient MAC protocols for wireless sensor networks. We compare the performance of the S-MAC protocol with that of the T-MAC protocol in terms of average power consumption and average delay for varying various input parameters. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Networks, Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol, Cross Layer, Sleep Mode Control
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III T active T sleep T slot T slot T active T sleep T 1 T 2 T 1 T active T 2 T sleep T 1 T active T active P 1 (1) T 1 T 2 T active T sleep T slot T 2 T sleep T sleep T active P 2 1 (2) T 1 T 2 T active T sleep T slot T slot D s D s D s Σ Pr(N pkt k)(dn pkt k)t sleep 2, (3) k0
N pkt (DN pkt k) k D s D s D D P sleep D s P sleep T sleep 2P 2 T 22 (4) E s E s T sleep T slot 1T active T slot (5) P c i Pc i 2 P cσ Pc i P i Pc active P 1 Pc sleep P 2 (6) i1 T active Duty cycle T active T sleep (7)
T A T 1 T 2 T slot 0 T slot (T slot t)t 1 exp(tt 1 )dt 0 T slot 1T 1 exp(tt 1 )dt T slot exp(t slot T 1 T ) slot T 1 (10) 1exp(T slot T 1 ) T 1 T 2 P 1, P 2 (8) T 1 T 2 T 1 T 2 T 1 T 1 E[T 1 ] S T A T 1 T p T p T 1 N 1 N 1 N 2 E[ Σ S i Σ {(T pj T pj T A )S j }T A ] i0 j0 N 1 N 2 E[ Σ S i ]E[ Σ (T pj T pj T A )S j ]T A i1 j1 E[N 1 ]E[S]E[N 2 ](E[T p T p T A ]E[S])T A, (9) N 1 S i i N 2 N 1 T pj (j1) j T p1 N 1 λ p T 2 E[N 1 ]λ p T 2 T slot exp(t slot T 1 ) λ p { T slot T 1 } (11) 1exp(T slot T 1 ) N 1 N 2 E[N 2 ]Σ npr(n 2 n) n0 n Σ nπ Pr(T pi T A )Pr(T pn1 T A ) n1 i1 Σ n ( T n A λ p exp(λ p t)dt 0 ) ( λ p exp(λ p t)dt n1 T A ) Σ n(1exp(λ p T A )) n exp(λ p T A ) n1 1exp(λ p T A ) (12) exp(λ p T A ) T 2 E[T 2 ]E[T slot T 1 T 1 T slot ]
S S αk s α t α1 (Pareto) f s (t) µ p exp(µ p t) (exponential) δ(t1µ p ) (constant) k s α (Pareto) E[S] α1 (13) 1µ p (exponential or constant) E s E s P 2 (T slot T A )T slot (17) P c i Pc i 2 P cσ Pc i P i Pc active P 1 Pc sleep P 2 (18) i1 k s α S T p T A T p E[T p T p T A ] T A tλ p exp(λ p t)dt 0 1 T A exp(λ p T A ) (14) T A λ p exp(λ p t)dt λ p 1exp(λ p T A ) 0 T 1 T A T 2 T slot T A D s D s T 2 2(T slot T A )2 (15) D (T slot T A ) (T slot T A ) D P 2 T 22 (16) T slot 2 Duty cyclep 1 T A T slot (19) IV E s D s D s D s E s D s P c
µ D s P c P c T A T slot T A
λ µ λ µ λ µ λ µ λ λ P c T A T active P c λ p 1µ p λ p 1µ p P c T A T A D T A D T A D T A T active D λ p 1µ p D T A D T A D T A P c λ p λ p P c λ p T active P c 1µ p P c T A P c
λ λ µ λ µ λ µ λ µ λ µ µ µ µ λ λ D λ p λ p D λ p T active D 1µ p D
µ µ µ µ λ λ D D V
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