류새한 박시룡 * 강상준 ** Riparian Vegetation and Bird Biotope of Urban Stream with Special Reference to Mushimcheon-River of Cheonju City, Chungbuk Province School of Science Education, College of Education, Chungbuk National University *Chungbuk Chapter, The Korean Association for Conservation of Nature *Dept. of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education For the purposes to prepare diverse habitate and biotope for riparian plants and animals, Cheongju attempted to create "eco-friendly natural river" from 2002 to 2007. The present study investigated the facts of biotope creation for birds associated with riparian vegetation in Mushimcheon-river. Phragmites communis community, P. japonica community, Zizania latifolia community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Typha angustata community, T. orientalis community as emerged plants, Lemna paucicostata-spirodela polyrhiza community as free-floating plant and Trapa japonica community as floating-leaved plant are distributed in riparian zone. In addition, Poa pratensis community, Bromus japonicus community, Calamagrostis epigeios community, Humulus japonicus community) as weeds are distributed in floodplain. The distributional area of plant communities estimated by actual vegetation map are as follows: Phragmites communis community was 421,747m 2 (33.95%), Salix gracilistyla community 24,898m 2 (0.26%), P. japonica-p. communis community 22,691m 2 (1.83%) and Zizania latifolia community 20,179m 2 (1.62%). The birds of 52 species are observed at Mushimcheon-stream from Sector 1 to Sector 10. The Sectors being observed diverse birds species and number of individual are Sector 1, Sector 4 and Sector 10. Especially, abundant bird species and number of individual are checked at Sector 1 and Sector 4 in winter, at Sector 7and Sector 10 in summer. By the observation of biotope, it is known that great tit(parus major), brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis), rufous turtle dove(streptopelia orientalis), dusky thrush(turdus naumanni),
black-billed magpie(pica pica), rustic bunting(emberiza rustica), daurian redstart(phoenicurus auroreus) and yellow-throated bunting(emberiza elegans) are used the shrubs of Salix sp. and Amorpha fruticosa communities for feeding and resting places. Tall-grass types as Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Phragmites japonica and P. communis are used as breeding places by rustic bunting(emberiza rustica), common buzzard(bueto bueto), ring-necked pheasant(phasianus colchicus), ellow-throated bunting(emberzia elegans), vinous-throuted parrotbill Paradoxornis webbiana), little egret(egretta garzetta), gray heron(ardea cinerea), bull-headed shrike (Lanius bucephalus) and daurian redstart(phoenicurus auroreus). It was also observed that the small birds such as rustic bunting, ellow-throated bunting and vinous-throuted heron were attacked and hunted by common buzzard. Rice paddy field and dry field are used as feeding places by rufous turtle dove(streptopelia orientalis), bull-headed shrike(lanius bucephalus), dusky thrush(turdus naumanni eunomus), oriental greenfinch(carduelis sinica), kestrel(falco tinnunculus), tree sparrow(passer montanus) and common buzzard(bueto bueto). Gravelly fields and sand delta formed in water channel are used as beeding places by long-billed ringed plover(charadrius placidus) and common sandpiper(tringa hypoleucos) and as feeding places by white wagtail(motacilla alba lugens), little egret(egretta garzetta), gray heron(ardea cinerea), common sandpiper(tringa hypoleucos) and other Tringa spp. Mud flat formed in water channel side are used as feeding and resting places by white wagtail, common sandpiper and common sandpiper. 서론 () (), 80 () (, Floodplain).,, ()., (),. 34.5km, 177.71km 2 2, 567m
.,. 100m,,,,,,, ( ),,,,. (),,., (sanctuary). () (), () 3,., (, ecotone),,.,., Biotope,. (, Riparian Vegetation), (), Biotope,. 조사기간및연구방법 2005 8 12,. 20 Braun-Blanquet (1964) ( ). 10, (Fig. 1). 1 :, 2,. (),. 2 :.,. 3 :,. 4 :,,.. 5 :.,
. 6 :. 7 :. 8 :,. 9 :,. 10 :,,,.., (Leica 2560 77mm, Kowa 2560 80cm, Nikon 25 78mm), (Line transect method) (Point count method). Biotope,. 결과및고찰 1. 하안식생,, (, 1 Sectio Location Vegetation Bird Item Vegetation map Biotope Environment ~2 2 2~ 3 4 1~ ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ - 6 ~ - 7 ~ - 8 ~ - 9 ~ - 10 ~ -
),,, (,, ). (free-floating hydrophyte) - (Lemna paucicostata-spirodela polyrhiza community ) (floating-leaved hydrophyte) (Trapa japonica community). (emerged hydrophyte) (Phragmites communis community), (P. japonica community), (Zizania latifolia community), (Miscanthus sacchariflorus community), (Typha angustata community), (T. orientalis community). (floodplain weed) (Poa pratensis community), (Bromus japonicus community), (Calamagrostis epigeios community), (Humulus japonicus community) (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior community).,. 2. 조류 52. II (Bueto bueto) (Charadrius placidus), 323 (Falco tinnunculus), 327
(Aix galericulata). 1, 4 10, 1 4., 7 10,. 3. 식생도작성,, Biotope (), 14 5000:1. Fig. 4 1. -,,,,,,., Number of species 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Section Summer Winter Individuals of birds 250 200 150 100 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Section Summer Winter
Species() (Podiceps ruficollis) (Nycticorax nycticorax) (Butor idess triatus) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5 15 1 4 3 4 3 1 2 2 3 2 1 3 1 2 1 2 (Egretta garzetta) 8 13 3 12 5 4 11 8 5 2 1 4 2 3 2 (Egretta intermedia) 5 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 1 3 1 3 3 1 1 (Egretta alba) 17 1 5 8 3 2 1 (Ardea cinerea) 5 2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 2 (Anas platyrhynchos) 38 4 10 26 14 2 (Anas acuta) 1 (A. poecilorhyncha) 43 45 2 20 5 4 49 35 8 12 2 4 (Aix galericulata) 34 5 (Anas crecca) 19 27 46 17 5 (Mergus merganser) (Gallinula chloropus) (Tringa hypoleucos) (Tringa ochropus) 1 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 (Buteo buteo) 1 1 (Falco tinnunculus) 1 1 1 (Phasianus colchicus) 2 (Vanellus vanellus) (Charadrius placidus) (Charadriusalex andrinus) 6 1 2 9 (Calidris alpina) 1 2 (Streptopelia orientalis) 3 18 2 2 4 1 19 2 4 4 1 4 2 1 8 (Cuculus canorus) 1 3 (Cuculus saturatus) (Otus scops) 1 (Dendrocopos kizuki) (D. major) 1 (Picus canus) 2 (Alcedo atthis) 1 1 3
Species() 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (Hirundo rustica) 4 1 1 3 2 1 (Motacilla alba leucopsis) (Motacilla alba lugens) (Hypsipetes amaurotis) (Lanius bucephalus) (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) (Phoenicurus auroreus) (Turdus naumanni eunomus) (Turdus dauma) (Carduelis sinica ussuriensis) (Paradoxornis webbiana) (Aegithalos caudatus) 1 3 1 5 2 1 2 3 2 8 1 1 14 3 5 14 10 2 3 2 9 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 5 15 5 8 6 4 4 7 14 9 2 15 3 3 8 1 2 2 1 5 (Parus palustris) 8 2 5 2 9 2 1 3 1 7 (Parus ater) 1 1 (Parus major) 4 2 1 10 2 1 2 1 3 3 1 3 2 3 (Emberiza cioides) 3 2 2 2 (Emberiza rustica) 13 38 7 (Emberiza elegans) 8 12 3 10 8 (Passer montanus) 3 8 5 8 37 16 7 5 4 2 3 15 (Garrulus glandarius) 1 3 1 2 (Pica pica) 2 8 3 4 12 7 2 4 1 3 2 4 2 2 4 4 17 22 5 10 4 16 22 22 13 19 12 11 14 7 10 10 18 14 29 117 226 26 38 44 120 105 229 87 118 35 46 25 15 23 25 43 33 97 1. Fig. 5 2 2,,, -,. Fig. 6 1 3-1,,,,, -, -. Fig. 7 3-2,,. Fig. 8 4-1,. Fig. 9
4-2., -. 1,242,240m 2, () 579,134m 2 (46.62%), 140,338m 2 (11.30%),. 421,747(33.95%), 24,898m 2 (0.26%), - 22,691m 2 (1.83%), 20,179m 2 (1.62%) 4 489,515m 2 39.4%. 4. 조류 Biotope 유형 Salix,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,.,. Plant community() Area() (m 2 ) Ratio() (%) (Phragmites communis) 421,747 33.95 (Typha orientalis) 419 0.03 -(Typha orientalis-phragmites communis) 2,396 0.19 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia var. elatior) 5,217 0.42 -(Phragmites japonica-phragmites communis) 22,691 1.83 (Zizania latifolia) 20,179 1.62 (Phragmites japonica) 9,727 0.78 (Persicaria thunbergii) 809 0.07 (Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens) 1,382 0.11 -(Zizania latifolia-salix koreensi) 8,059 0.65 -(Zizania latifolia-salix hulteni) 1,969 0.16 (Salix gracilistyla) 24,898 2.00 (Salix koreensis) 3,275 0.26 (Cultivation land) 140,338 11.30 (Water area) 579,134 46.62 Total() 1,242,240 100.00
,.,,,,,,,,.,.,,,,,,,,.,., Vegetation type Plant community Breeding place Feeding place Resting place (A) - (B) -, -,,, + - - - - () -,, -,,,,,,,,,,, -, - - -,,,, - - - - - - -,,,,,,, - - - -,,,,, - -, -,, - - -
,.,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,. pond,,,,.,,,,.,,. Riverbed Plant community Breeding place Feeding place Resting place (+) -,,,,, (+) - -,,,,, +, -,,,,,,,, pond +, ( ) ( ) ( ), - - + - + -,,,,,
고찰 Biotope,,,,.., Biotope. 2 3,,,.,., (),, (), (),,.,,,, () (),,. 요약, Biotope. 34.5km Biotope.,,,,,, -,. (),,,. 421,747m 2 (33.95%), 24,898m 2 (0.26%), - 22,691m 2 (1.83%) 20,179m 2 (1.62%) 4 489,515m 2 39.4%. 52 1, 4 10, 1
4, 7 10. Biotope, Salix,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,,.,,,.,,,,,,..,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,. 인용문헌,. 1998... 21:435-448.,,. 2000... p.281.. 1995... p.371.. 2003... p.909.. 2004.. p.282. Braun-Blanquet, J. 1964. Pflanzensoziologie. Grundzuge der Vegetation skunde. Springer-Verlag. Wien. 865pp.