Project of Apartment Housing Based on Ecolog ical Concept 2001
Planning of Apartment Housing Based on Ecological Concept 200 1 02 2001
2001 02
,.,,.,,. (Ecol ogical Hous i ng ),,,,,,
Li fe Cyc le.,, (Pr inciple Of Hol ism), (Pr incip of Cir culat ion), (Pr inciple of Diver s i ty), (Pr incip Evolut ion), (Pr inciple of Homeostas is ),,,.,,,,., -,,,,. Biot op,,,, Open Space,,., Open Space,, 3 Gr ouping,
.,, 3Bay,.,,.
1 1-1 3 1-2 4
2 2-1 9 2-1- 1 11 2-1- 2 11 2-2 19 2-2- 1 19 2-2- 2 20 2-3 21 2-3- 1 21 2-3- 2 30 2-4 32 3 3-1 2000 35 3-1- 1 35 3-1- 2 System 37 3-2 39 3-2- 1 39 3-2- 2 40 3-2- 3 41 3-3 44 3-3- 1 44 3-3- 2 49
3-3- 3 54 3-3-4 61 3-4 67 4 (D e s ig n Proje ct) 4-1 71 4-1- 1 71 4-1- 2 72 4-2 Project 75 4-2- 1 75 4-2- 2 75 4-2- 3 76 4-3 77 4-3- 1 78 4-3- 2 81 4-3- 3 86 4-3-4 90 4-4 93 4-4- 1 93 4-4- 2 97 4-4- 3 103 4-4-4 106 4-5 109
5 113
1 2000 36 2 37 3 40 4 Bi shopsgat e Tower s 41 5 Verbena Hei ght s 42 6 Next 21 Proj ect 43 7 45 8 49 9 54 10 61 11 75 12 76 13 76 14, 77
1 12 2 15 3 15 4 16 5 18 6 19 7 22 8 44 9 45 10 46 11 46 12 47 13 47 14 50 15 50 16 51 17 51 18 Bi ot op 52 19 53 20 56 21 57 22 58 23 59 24 59 25 59 26 60 27 60 28 62
29 62 30 63 31 CHS 65 32 71 33 72 34 ( ) 73 35 ( ) 73 36 73 37 78 38 79 39 80 40 Bi ot op 81 41 82 42 83 43 84 44 Open Space 85 45 85 46 86 47 Syst em 88 48 Gr ouping 89 49 3Bay Syst em 91 50 92 51 Mast er Pl an 93 52 94 53 95 54 96 55 1F 97 56 2F 98 57 3F 99 58 1F 100
59 2F 101 60 3F 102 61 103 62 104 63 105 64 106 65 106 66 107 67 107 68 108 69 108
1
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1 2,, 3 Proj ec t 4 Des i gn Pr oj ec t Pr oj e c t, 5 5
2 6
2 2-1,,,. 16-17, 18. 1,, 19 2. 20,,,,,.,,,,,.. 1) 1), :,, 1995 7
. 2) 1987 (t he Brundt land Commi ssion). 3) : Deve l opment whi ch meet s t he needs of the pr esent wi t hout compromis ing the abi l i ty of fut ur e gener at ions t o meet their own needs ( ).,, 4,,.. -.. - (car rying capaci ty). -.,. -.,.. -. 2).,,, 1989 3) 21(, ) 1999 5 8
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..,,,.. 2-2- 2,.. 11 ).,..,.,, 11) Hyeon Soo Kim, Okologisch orientiertes Wohnen und Bauen in Korea - Tradition und Chance, Univ. Hannover, 1993 18
,...,,,.... 2-3 2-3- 1... 19
,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,..,,,,,. (biosphere ) (ecospher e ). ( 2-7). 20
... 12) (ecology) Er nst Haeckel (, 1866) 19. ' ' " ". Ecology( : Okologie ) Oikos Logos Oikos ' ' ' ', ' ( ) '. (Ecology) " " " ( )"., ' '.,. 12), ODUM,, 1990 21
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(Pr i nc i pl e of Ci rcul at i on ).,,.,.,., ` `.. (Pr i nc i pl e of Di ver s i t y ) ` `.,., 23
..,.., ` `, ` `.. (Pr i nc i pl e o f Evo l ut i on ).,.,,. `, `... 24
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,,. (social foundat ion.. (sust ainable communi ty),,,,.,,,,.,,.,. (aesthet ics ),,,,.,. 20) 20),, 1998 29
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3 2000 31
3 3-1 2000 3-1- 1 90,,,. `, (1994) ` `. 21C 2000. 2000 21). 21) 1999-2000 (,,,,, LG) Catlaog 32
( 3-1) 2000 34 : 25 52 : 78 63 : 54 2003. 02 (, ) 2000. 03 : 180% e - 34 539 : 57. 7% 1282 36 : 278, 49 : 541 56 :389, 66 : 74 2002. 12 - -. 1 35 :836 46 :364 57 : 142 2002. 05 : 194% (SCIENCE) : 32% LG 1234 2002. 08 : 198% LG I I I 16-20, 8 556 2002. 06 (MEI STER) 33
3-1- 2 Syste m 6,,. 22) ( 3-2) 1. (,, 1. :,, 1. 2. :Deck,, 2., ) (, 3.,, 2. 3 ) 3. 30CM. 3. 4. 5. 1. (, 1.,, : ( 1.,,, ), 1, ) ( 2. 1 2. : ) 3. 3-bay :, 2.,. 3. - 1. :,,, 1. 1.,,, 2. ( 2.,, ) 3., ) 3. 3bay, 4bay 4. ( 2. 4. ) 3. ( 1, (,,, ) 5. 6. ) 22) 1999-2000 (,,,,, LG) Catlaog 34
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. 3-2 3-2- 1.,.,,... 1990,. 2,,,. 36
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3-2- 3. Bi shopsgat e Towers ( 1999, London ) (Mix- Income ), 3.,,. ( 3-4) Bishopsgate Towers Sky- i n-t he-ci t y:. 1. : 2. 3. :. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2... :. 38
. Verbena He i ght s ( 1996-1997, Hong Kong ),,,. ( 3-5) Verbena Heights. Sky Cour t. 1.,. 2.. 3.. Sol ar Shading:... Li ght Shel ves :.,.,,. 39
. Next 21 Proj ec t (Japan ) 21 `,, `,,. ( 3-6) Next 21 Project. 4 - ( ), 1 ( ), :, :,,. :, -,,, :,,,, 3,, :,. 40
3-3 3-3- 1..,,,,.,,,.,,,,. ( 3-1),, 3 23). 41
( 3-7) Bi ot op Sky-Li ne..,, ( 3-2) 23),, 97.03,, 96.09 42
.,. ( 3-3).. 24). ( 3-4) 24),,, 97.12 43
,.,,, Sky-Line,..,. ( 3-5) ( 3-6),. 25) 25),,, 97.12 44
,,,,. 45
3-3- 2,. Green Net wor k,, Biot op. 26) ( 3-8) Gr een Net wor k Biot op Open Space,,, Open Space,,, ( ) ( / ) ( ) 26),,, 2000.06,, 97.03,, 96.09 46
. Green Ne t work.,. ( 3-7),, (cor e ), (spot ), (point )..,,. Gr een Net wor k ( 3-8). 27),,,, ( 3-9). 27),, 96.09, 189P- 190P 47
.,.,. 28),,,. ( 3-10),,.,,,,..,, ( 3-11). 29) 28),, 96.09, 196P- 197P 29),,, 2000.07 48
. Bi ot op Biot op.,,,, Biotop,. ( 3-12) Biotop Biot op,, 30), Biotop,,., Biot op. Biot op 30),, 106P- 109P 49
., Biotop, Biot op,,,. ( 3-13).,,, Bir d Bat h,,,. 50
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. - -,. 34). ( 3-16).. 35).. 34),, 97.03, 127P 35), - -, 55
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..,,,.. ( 3-20) ( 3-21), 20% 1/2-1/ 3... 2. 36) 36),, 97.03, 130P 57
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,,.... ( 3-22) 1. 1 50cm 20cm... ( 3-23). 38)., 38), - -, 59
,,.,,,,,, ( 3-24),.,,. Durchwohen,. Spl i t Level Dur chwohen (2 ) Spl i t Level. ( ) ( ) (1/ 2 ), 2-3,. 39) 39),, 119P- 120P 60
.. 60 RC 30.... ( ),..,..... 61
10 1..,...,. ( 3-25) CHS (, ).. 24. 5 62
. ( )... 40) 40), - -, 63
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4 Desig n Project P roje ct 65
4 4-1 4-1- 1 2km 2,,. ( APT 4, 000 ), 2 ( 4-1) 5,. 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 2, 3 80. 41) 66
4-1- 2.,,..,.,, ( 4-2).. 41) - - 67
, (monsoon).,.,,,. ( 4-3) ( ) ( 4-4) ( )... ( ), ( ). 68
15, 20. 42) 4-2 Project Pr oj ect 42) Nobert Lechner. op.cit., p123 ( 4-5) 69
. 4-2- 1,,,. 43) ( 4-1) ( ),,,,,, (, ),, Bi ot op,,,, (pass ive, Act ive Sys t em),,,,,,, 4-2- 2,,,,. 44) 43),, 1999.02,,, 2000.06,, 97.03,, 96.09 44),, 1999.02,,, 2000.06 70
( 4-2) Context,, Open Space Open Space,,,,,,,,,,, System, 3,4Bay, Double Skin Floor 4-2- 3 ( 4-3) 2 7 26,970.9 8, 173 4, 542.6 1,376.5 45142.2 13,679.45 16.84 148.45 316 (22, 19, 16 ) (14, 11, 8 ) 34 : 210 28 : 78 21 : 28 / 4-3,.,,,,, 97.03,, 96.09 71
( 4-4),, - biot op,,, Open Space Open Space,,, (Publ ic )-, (Semi Publ i c )- (semi Pr i vat e )- (pr ivat e ),,,, SYSTEM Gr ouping OPEN SPACE 3. 3 (, ), - - - - 3BAY 3Bay 4-3- 1. Green Ne t work : - 72
.,,,,.,..,,,,. : ( 4-6).. 73
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: Open Space,. Open Space. :,,.,.,,. ( 4-8) : 75
Biot op.,. 4-3- 2. Bi ot op :.,,.., ( 4-9) Biotop. Green Network 76
.. Gr een Net wor k,. ( 4-9),,,., 3. :.. 77
,, ( 4-10).,. :..,. : 78
.. 1,.,,. ( 4-11). Biot op.. 79
Open Space :, (Publ ic )-, (Semi Publ ic )- (Semi Pr ivat e )- (pr ivat e )., Por ket Park. 3. ( 4-12) Open Space,. :,,,,,,. ( 4-13) :, Por ket Par k 80
.. Porket Par k,. 4-3- 3. :., ( 4-14), 81
,.,,,. 3,.,. :,...... Sys t em: Open Space. 82
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4-3- 4. : - - - -..,..,. :,,..,. 85
. 3Bay : 3Bay,., 3Bay. ( 4-17) 3Bay System :,.,. 86
,. ( 4-18) 4-4 87
4-4- 1 ( 4-19) Master Plan 88
( 4-20) 89
90 ( 4-21)
( 4-22) 91
4-4- 2 ( 4-23) 1F 92
( 4-24) 2F 93
94 ( 4-25) 3F
( 4-26) 1F 95
96 ( 4-27) 2F
( 4-28) 3F 97
4-4- 3 ( 4-29) 98
( 4-30) 99
100 ( 4-31)
4-4- 4 ( 4-32) ( 4-33) 101
( 4-34) ( 4-35) 102
( 4-36) ( 4-37) 103
4-5 2, 3,.,,,, -,,,,. Biot op,,,, Open Space,,,, Open Space,, 3 Gr ouping,.,, 3Bay,.,, 104
,. 105
106 5
5,,,. 16-17, 18. 1,, 19 2.,,.,,,.,,,.,.,, 3. 107
.,,,,.,,. 2000,,,.. Green Network Biotop,,,., -,,,, 108
. Biot op,,,, Open Space,,., Open Space,, 3 Gr ouping,.,, 3Bay,... 109
,, 1997. 03, Gr een Town I I,, 1996, 1997,,, 1996,, 1996. 06, 1994. 9 -,, 1999. 09, Gr een Ci t y( ), 1995, ODUM,, 1990,, 1995, I,, 1999,,, 1996,, 1996. 03 Hyeon Soo Kim, Ökol ogi sch or ient i er t es Wohnen und Bauen in Kor ea - Tradit ion und Chance, Univ. Hannover, 1993 Br enda and Rober t Val e, Gr een Ar chi t ect ur e, Des ign for a sus t ainable furture, London, Thames and Hudson, 1991,,,, 1992, -,,, 1994,,, 1997 110
,,, 1992,,, 1996,,, 1983,, 1991,,, 1999. 12,,, 1998, ( ),, 1989, -,, 1996. 12,, 1998. 10,, 1993. 07,, 1997. 05,, 1986. 08,, 1997. 02,, 1997. 05,, 1996. 06,, 1995. 10,, 1987. 12 111
I I I, 2000. 06 07, Hous ing 21: The Qual i t y of Li fe, 1995, - -, 1993. 07, - -, 1994. 01, - -, 1994. 03, -, 1997. 03,,, 1997. 12, - -, 1993. 03,, - 21(, )-, 1999. 05 We b S i t e ht t p : / /www. kict. r e.kr / ar ch/ shkim/ main. ht m - ht t p : / /www. gr eenbui l ding. co. kr / - ht t p : / /www. gbc-kor ea. co. kr / - ht t p : / /www. ksdn. or.kr / - KSDN( ) ht t p : / /www. env. r e. kr - ht t p : / / ecohouse. j ugong. co. kr / - ht t p : / /houzine. j ugong. co.kr / - HOUZINE ht t p : / /www. kier. r e.kr / - ht t p : / /www. ar cosant i. or g/ ar col ogy/ int r o. ht ml - ARCOSANTI ht t p : / /www. moct. go.kr / - ht t p : / /www. kict. r e.kr / - ht t p : / /www. smar t home. com/ - SMART-HOME ht t p : / /www. int eger pr oj ect. co. uk/ - INTEGER-HOUSE 112
ABSTRACT Project of Apartment Housing Based on Ecolog ical Concept by Oh, Seung -Sup Dept. of Techno Design Graduate School, Kookmin University Seoul, Korea The pol l ut i on and des t r uct i on of gl oba l envi r onment have been caused by peopl e ar ound t he wor l d, which he l ped r ecogni ze t he r e lat ionshi ps bet ween t he envir onment and hous ing ar chi t ect ur e, cons i der ing ar chi t ect ur e as an i mpor t an fact or of br i ngi ng about envir onment a l dest r uct ion. Cons i der ing t hose s i t uat i o t her e have been new appr oaches made such as Ecol ogi cal Ar chi t ect ur e, Envir onment a l Hous ing, and Sus t ai nabl e Ar chi t ect ur e. Any par t i a l concept s could be di f fer ent fr om t he pr ocesses one anot her, but i t obvious l y seems s i mi l ar t hat a l l t he appr oaches view t he envi r onment, ar chi t ect ur e and peopl as one. 113
The out break of Ecological Hous ing i s t o be analyzed in ter ms of ecology. Fi r st, t he envir onment a l pol l ut i on such as a i r pol l ut i on, wat er pol l ut i on and pol lut ion, second, t he des t r uct i on of eco-sys t em caused by peopl e des t r oyi ng t he spaces for plant s and anima l s, t hi r d, sudden changes of cl i mat e over t h wor ld. In socio-economic aspect, res ident s pat ter ns of demand for hous ing and their l i fe cycles have been changed. Pr i nc i pl es of for ming ecol ogi cal hous i ng coul d be mai nly di vided i nt ecologica l aspect s such as pr i nc i pl e of hol i sm, pr i nci ple of ci r cul at i on, pr i n of diver si t y, pr inciple of evolut ion and pr inciple of homeost asi s, soc io-economic aspect s such as i nt egr at ion, communi t y, f l exi bi l i t y an pleasant ness. Thr ough t hese pr i nci ples of for mi ng ecol ogi ca l hous ing, I at t hi s poi nt ha dr awn pr oj ect e l ement s, whi ch ar e ur ban, hous ing deve lopment, bui l ding, and uni t, fr om ongoi ng shar e hous i ng se lect ed, and pl aned a r edeve l opment of shar e hous ing in Wha-myung ar ea in Pusan appl ying pr oj ect e l ement s of Ecological Hous ing. In pr oj ect element s, i t i s ur ban aspect t o connect Nakdonggang - Donglesan gr een bel t zones, t o pr oduce an ur ban ecol ogi cal pat h al ong wi t h ecologica l el ement s near by and t o pr ot ect local pl ant s, and cont i nui t y bet ween bui l di ng and space in t he ci t y, Ur ban-publ i c Space of l and-ne ighbor ing i nt er sect i on, 114
Ci r cul at i on connect i ng eas t and wes t have been appl ied. In hous i ng deve lopment, Ive used t he for mi ng of Bi ot op, maxi mi zat i on of Per meabi l i t y, bui lding ar rangement for t he r ight t o sunshine, cr eat ion ar t i f i ci a l foundat i on, separ at ion s i dewa lk fr om r oadway, Ranks of open space act ivat ion of Cir culat ion cont act ing point, and act ivat ion of Green-Road. In bui ldi ng aspect, Ive made a mul t i - l eve l Tr ee Pl ant i ng and des i gned not onl y t o ci r cul at e r a i nwat er and dr a inage, but t o vent i l at e bui l di ng and u through open space of the building, and pursued the comfort of circulation and thr i ft y thr ough minimizat ion of t he ar ea. Al so for act ivat ing communi t ies, I maint ained cont inui t y by way of grouping 3 f loor s and cor e par t s, and pr epar ed gr ouping for st eel fr ame and faci l i t y syst em consider ing bui ldi renovat ion aft erwards. In uni t r espect, Ive ma i nt a ined buf fer zone for ener gy saving and pleasant nes by 3Bay, act ivated ant i -out er space for absor bing and cir culat ing ecologica envir onment cont inuing in hous ing development, and searched t he met hod of cr eat i ng communi t i es t hr ough semi -pr ivat e space. It is expect ed t hat my wor k would be able t o cont r ibute to t he field from t he vi ewpoint of t he r e lat ionshi p bet ween peopl e and envir onment, and even of symbi os i s wi t h ar chi t ect ur e by pr oj ect i ng a shar e hous i ng which i s appl yin ecological pr inciples and societ y-economic pr inciples of cont inui t y. 115