5 2 ( 9 ) ) 40. ( School of Publ i c Heal t h) ,.., ? 6),. 19 (Sanitary Reform Movement) ( Char l es EA Wi nsl ow)

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "5 2 ( 9 ) 1996 1956. 5) 40. ( School of Publ i c Heal t h). 19. 20...,..,.. - -.? 6),. 19 (Sanitary Reform Movement) 19. 20. ( Char l es EA Wi nsl ow)"

학준 선우
7 years ago
Views:

1 5 2 ( 9 ) : , 1996 Korean J Med Hi st 5 : , 1996 : 1910 *,..,,,.., School of Publ i c Heal t h. 1) ) ,, 1. 3) ( I nst i t ut e of Publ i c Heal t h),. 4) * 1) ( ), ).. 3) Mast er of Publ i c Heal t h( MPH).,,,,,,. (.. :, 1996 : 172) 4).,

2 5 2 ( 9 ) ) 40. ( School of Publ i c Heal t h) ,.., ? 6),. 19 (Sanitary Reform Movement) ( Char l es EA Wi nsl ow), 19. 7) 19 ( sani t ar i an) 20 ( envi r onment al i st ) ( publ i c heal t h pr of essi onal s) , 8) 5). 6) ) Wi nsl ow CEA. The Evol ut i on and Si gni f i cance of Moder n Publ i c Heal t h Campai gn. New Haven : Yal e Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1923 : ) Ri char dson BW. Hygei a: A Ci t y of Heal t h. London,

3 - : ) 1848,,,.. ( Jer emy Bent ham, ) ( Edwi n Chadwi ck, ), 1848 ( Publ i c Heal t h Act ). 1 ( Sani t ary Condi t i on of t he Labouri ng Popul at i on of Great Bri t ai n, 1842) , ( sani t ar y engi neer i ng).. ( Loui s Phi l i ppe, ) ( Consei l de Sal ubr i t ). ( Of f i ci er de Sant é). 1 3 ( ) ( Medi cal Of f i cer of Heal t h). 10) 1848.,, ( Rudol f Vi r chow, ) 11) ( Di e Medi zi ni sche Ref orm). 19 ( Edwar d Rei ch, ) ( Thomas Mal t hus, ), ( Ber nar di no Ramazzi ni, ), ( Loui s Vi l l er me, ) ( Syst em der Hygi ene, ). 12),,. ( Johns Hopki ns) ( Wi l l i am H Wel ch, ) ( Max von Pet t enkof er, ) ( I nst i t ut e der Hygi ene) ) Shr yock RH. The Devel opment of Moder n Medi ci ne. Madi son : The Uni ver si t y of Wi sconsi n Pr ess, 1974; Rosen G. A Hi st or y of Publ i c Heal t h; Rosen G. Fr om Medi cal Pol i ce t o Soci al Medi ci ne 10) La Ber ge AF. Mi ssi on and Met hod: The Ear l y Ni net eent h- cent ur y Fr ench Publ i c Heal t h Movement. Cambr i dge : Cambr i dge Uni ver si t y Pr ess, ) Acker knecht EH. Rudol f Vi r chow: Doct or s, St at esman, Ant hr opol i gi st. Madi son : The Uni ver si t y of Wi sconsi n Pr ess, ) Rosen G.. ( ).. :, 1992 :

4 5 2 ( 9 ) 1996, ( Dani el C Gi l man). 13).,,,.. 14). ( Ot t o von Bi smar ck, ) ) ( Gener al Boar d of Heal t h) 1848, ( Poor Law Commi ssi on) ( l ai ssez- f ai r e) ).. 17) : 19,,.. ( cont agi oni sm) - ( cont agi on) - ( mi asmat i sm) - ( mi asma) -, ( pol i t i cal economy). ( quar ant i ne)..,,,.,,. 18) 13) Fl exner S and Fl exner JT. Wi l l i am Henr y Wel ch and t he Her oi c Age of Amer i can Medi ci ne. Bal t i mor e : Johns Hopki ns Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1941 : ) La Ber ge AF. op. ci t 15) Shr yock RH. op. ci t, ) Rosen G. A Hi st or y of Publ i c Heal t h. ( Expanded Edi t i on) Bal t i mor e : Johns Hopki ns Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1993 : ) Shr yock RH. op. ci t - 4 -

5 - : ( Anci ent Règi me). 19),,. 19 -,,, ( Jacob Henl e, ) ( Loui s Past eur, ) ( Rober t Koch, ) ).. 21) 19 20,. ( 20 ) ( 19 ). 22). 23) ( Char l es V Chapi n) 24), ( Vi ct or C Vaughan), ( Wi l l i am Sedgwi ck) 25) 18) Acker knecht EH. Ant i cont agi oni sm bet ween 1821 and Bul l et i n of t he Hi st or y of Medi ci ne 1948 ; 22 : ) Tesh S. Hi dden Ar gument s: Pol i t i cal I deol ogy and Di sease Pr event i on Pol i cy. New Br unswi ck : Rut ger s Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1988 : 16 20) St ar r P ( ). I -,,. :, ) Fee E and Por t er D. Publ i c Heal t h, Pr event i ve Medi ci ne, and Pr of essi onal i zat i on: Br i t ai n and t he Uni t ed St at es i n t he Ni net eent h Cent ur y. I n A Hi st or y of Educat i on i n Publ i c Heal t h. ed by Fee E and Acheson RM. Oxf or d : Oxf or d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1991 : ) St ar r P. op. ci t 23) Fee E and Por t er D. op. ci t 24) Cassedy JH and Char l es V. Chapi n and t he Publ i c Heal t h Movement. Cambr i dge : Har var d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, ) Jor dan EO, Whi ppl e CG and Wi nsl ow CEA. A Pi oneer of Publ i c Heal t h, Wi l l i am Thompson - 5 -

6 5 2 ( 9 ) ( Al i ce Hami l t on), ( pel l agr a) ( Joseph Gol dber ger ), ( Edgar Sydenst r i cker ). 20. ( The Evol ut i on and Si gni f i cance of Modern Publ i c Heal t h Campai gn). 26) ,.. ( f i l t h t heor y),,. 27). 20. ( Her mann Bi ggs) ( Heal t h Cent er ). 28).,.. ( count y).,, ( Mi l t on J Rosenau),, Geor ge) ( Ll oyd ( Amer i can Associ at i on f or Sedgwi ck. New Haven : Yal e Uni ver si t y Pr ess, ) Wi nsl ow CEA. op. ci t, 49 27) Chapi n CV. How t o Avoi d I nf ect i on. Cambr i dge : Har var d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1917 : ) Ter r i s M. Her mann Bi ggs' Cont r i but i on t o t he Moder n Concept of t he Heal t h Cent er. Bul l et i n of t he Hi st or y of Medi ci ne 1946 ; 20 :

7 - : 1910 Labor Legi sl at i on). 29), ) ),,,. 32) 1909 ( I r vi ng Fi sher ) ( Report on Nat i onal Vi t al i t y: I t s Wast es and Conservat i on). 33) ( Theodor e Roosevel t ) 1912 ( Woodr ow Wi l son) ( Nat i onal Boar d of Heal t h) ( Mar i ne Hospi t al Ser vi ce) ( U. S. Publ i c Heal t h Ser vi ce). 34) (Public Health Professionalization) 1910,,... 35), ( Nor man E Di t man). 29)., : ; 4 : ). St ar r P ( ). I I -,. :, ) Amer i can Labor Legi sl at i on Revi ew 1919 ; 9 : ) i bi d, 48 33) Shr yock RH. op. ci t, 405; Rosen G. op. ci t, ) St ar r P. op. ci t, 23 35) Rosen G. The School s of Publ i c Heal t h: I t s Der i vat i on and Obj ect i ves. I n The Past, Pr esent, and Fut ur e of School s of Publ i c Heal t h. Uni ver si t y of Nor t h Car ol i na, Dedi cat i on Pr ogr am Addr esses,

8 5 2 ( 9 ) 1996 ( Amer i can Medi cal Associ at i on). 1913, ( John S Ful t on),, ) ( Shef f i el d Sci ent i f i c School ) 2. MI T( Massachuset t s I nst i t ut e of Technol ogy). ( sani t ar y engi neer i ng). 37).. 38) ( Depar t ment of Pr event i ve Medi ci ne and Hygi ene) 1911 MI T ( Geor ge C Whi ppl e) MI T ( Har var d- MI T School f or Heal t h Of f i cer s). 39) Har var d- MI T.. 40). I Pl an. 41) I Pl an Y Pl an., 2,,, 2 - ( Medi cal Doct or ) ( Doct or of Publ i c Heal t h) -. 42) MI T. - MI T ) i bi d 37) Vi sel t ear AJ. The Emer gence of Pi oneer i ng Publ i c Heal t h Educat i on Pr ogr ammes i n t he Uni t ed St at es. I n A Hi st or y of Educat i on i n Publ i c Heal t h. ed by Fee E and Acheson RM. Oxf or d : Oxf or d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1991 : ) Sedgwi ck WT. The Readj ust ment of Educat i on and Resear ch i n Hygi ene and Sani t at i on. Publ i c Heal t h Paper s and Repor t s 1905 ; 31 : ) Cur r an JA. Founder s of t he Har var d School of Publ i c Heal t h, New Yor k : Josi ah Macy, ) Wi nsl ow CEA et al. A Pi oneer of Publ i c Heal t h, Wi l l i am Thompson Sedgwi ck. New Haven : Yal e Uni ver si t y Pr ess, ) Jor dan EO, Whi ppl e CG and Wi nsl ow CEA. op. ci t, ) i bi d - 8 -

9 - : ) - MI T,,,..,. ( Rockef el l er Foundat i on). ( Rockef el l er Sani t ar y Commi ssi on f or t he Er adi cat i on of Hookwor m Di sease) ( Wi ckl i f f e Rose, ) ( Gener al Educat i on Boar d). ( Abr aham Fl exner, ), MI T.,.,,..,.. ( Al exander Abbot t ) ,,,,, ( Rockef el l er I nst i t ut e) ( Si mon Fl exner ) 20., ) < : >. Fee E. Di sease and Di scover y: A Hi st or y of t he Johns Hopki ns School of Hygi ene and Publ i c Heal t h, Bal t i mor e : Johns Hopki ns Uni ver si t y Pr ess,

10 5 2 ( 9 ) ( depar t ment )..... ( bi omedi cal model ) ) - 45)..... ( Wi l l i am Osl er, ) Heal t h Boar d) ( I nt er nat i onal )... ( < 1> ). 44) Navar r o V. Eur opean School s of Publ i c Heal t h i n St at e of Fl ux. Lancet 1995 ; 345 : ) A Memor andum Pr epar ed by Dr. Wi l l i am H Wel ch and Dr. Wi ckel i f f e Rose, Out l i ni ng t he Need f or and Gener al Pl an of an I nst i t ut e of Hygi ene 46) Fer r el l JA. Wi ckel i f f e Rose. Rockef el l er Foundat i on Quar t er l y Bul l et i n 1932 ; 5 :

11 - : ,,. < 1> I nst i t ut e of Hygi ene School of Publ i c Heal t h,, ) ( Mi l bank Memor i al Fund Commi ssi on) ( Hi gher Educat i on f or Publ i c Heal t h) 48), : ( i ) ; ( i i ) ; ( i i i ) ( uni ver si t y) ; ( i v) ( i nst i t ut e of hygi ene) ( Publ i c Heal t h Act ) ) Fee E. Desi gni ng School s of Publ i c Heal t h f or t he Uni t ed St at es. I n A Hi st or y of Educat i on i n Publ i c Heal t h. ed by Fee E and Acheson RM. Oxf or d : Oxf or d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1991 : ; Fi neber g HV et al. Changi ng Publ i c Heal t h Tr ai ni ng Needs: Pr of essi onal Educat i on and t he Par adi gm of Publ i c Heal t h. Annual Revi ew of Publ i c Heal t h 1994 ; 15 : ; Rosen G. op. ci t ; Wi l l i ams G. School s of Publ i c Heal t h: Thei r Doi ng and Undoi ng. Mi l bank Memor i al Fund Quar t er l y 1976 ; 54 : ) Mi l bank Memor i al Fund Commi ssi on. Hi gher Educat i on f or Publ i c Heal t h. New Yor k : Pr odi st,

12 5 2 ( 9 ) ,..., ,..,..,.,... ( Chemi cal Di vi si on), ( Bi ol ogi cal Di vi si on), ( Engi neer i ng Di vi si on), ( St at i st i cal Di vi si on), ( Di vi si on of Gener al Hygi ene and Pr event i ve Medi ci ne).,.,,,,,,,,,. - ( ) ( hygi ene).., ( sani t ar y sci ence),,,

13 - : < >( School of Publ i c Heal t h).,.. < >( I nst i t ue of Hygi ene) < - >.. : ,. - MI T ,,. ( Jer ome D Gr eene) ,,,, ( ),,..,,. MI T MI T ( Mar y A Nut t i ng) ( Haven Emer son)

14 5 2 ( 9 ) 1996,...,,....,, ,,. School of Publ i c Heal t h. School of Hygi ene and Publ i c Heal t h. Hygi ene... Johns Hopki ns School of Hygi ene and Publ i c Heal t h., ,, ( ) ( Leni ngr ad I nst i t ut e f or Advanced Medi cal St udi es). ( Li ege) 1908 ( I nst i t ue of Hygi ene and Soci al

15 - : 1910 Medi ci ne).. 49) ( London School of Hygi ene and Tr opi cal Medi ci ne) ( Tr i ni t y Col l ege),,, Di pl oma i n Publ i c Heal t h( D. P. H). 50) ( Nat i onal Heal t h Ser vi ce) 103. Medi cal Of f i cer of Heal t h ( School of Hygi ene) I nst i t ut e of Publ i c Heal t h Al l - I ndi a I nst i t ut e of Hygi ene and Publ i c Heal t h.,,,,,,,,,,,.. ( ) ( )......, ( mi ddl e wor ker ) ( ). 49) Roemer MI. Mor e School s of Publ i c Heal t h: A Wor l dwi de Need. I nt er nat i onal Jour nal of Heal t h Ser vi ces 1984 ; 14 : ) Acheson R. The Br i t i sh Di pl oma i n Publ i c Heal t h: Bi r t h and Adol escence. I n A Hi st or y of Educat i on i n Publ i c Heal t h. ed by Fee E and Acheson RM. Oxf or d : Oxf or d Uni ver si t y Pr ess, 1991 :

16 5 2 ( 9 ) ( ).... ( ) ,,.? : < - >

13 2 ( 25 ) Korean J Med Hist Dec 2004 ISSN X * ( ) ( ) ( ). 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2) ( ) 3) 1990 ( ) 4) * 1) ( ) C

13 2 ( 25 ) Korean J Med Hist Dec 2004 ISSN X * ( ) ( ) ( ). 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2) ( ) 3) 1990 ( ) 4) * 1) ( ) C 13 2 ( 25 ) 2004 12 Korean J Med Hist 13 198 218 Dec 2004 ISSN 1225 505X * 1 11 1( ) ( ) ( ). 1) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2) ( ) 3) 1990 ( ) 4) * 1) ( ) CD- ROM 2) 1962 p 204 2000 p 18 3) 1966 p 330-1 198 5)