1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2.
3. 1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3.
4. 1. 2. 3.. 2000 2/3.,,, 60 80~90..,,,,,.,,.,,.. 1993 12
. " " 60 1990 7.6%, 2000 11.5%. ' '., 8. 80 2/3. 60., 1960,..,,,,.,.. (empty nest)., ' '.,.,.., 15~25%.,,,,.......
,..,. ' '.,.,.. 21 ' '.,.,,,,,,.,,,,.,
.,.,.,,,....,..,,,. 1.,.,..,,... 1) 3~4 8. 1990 50 14.3 1.5, 55 10.7, 1.5. 60 8.2, 1.3.., 65 85.7% 30.4% 3.. 3., (empty nest).,,. ( 1). ( 1) Duvall 8
2 25~35. 6 8, 8 3. ( ).,.. 60 40, ( )...,,.,..., 1.,,..,. 1982 5 ' ', ' '.
2)..,. ' '., 24, ' '..,.,,. 3),.,,,, ' ' ' '.,. 3,, U..,.. 2... -..,.....
. 1) -. -.. -.,....... (modified extended family). 2) (1) -..,,,. -. -,. - 20,,,... ' '.,,.., -,,. (2) -..,,...
,..,,.,.. -. (3) :.. 1991 3 2. 1970~1975 8.9%, 1986~1990 13.2% 1991 14.8%, ' '.. 1993 3 20 30 3 25 71.4%, 30.4%. 5 1, 3 1. 28.5%, 9%, 14.2%, 12.6%. 6.3%, 4.7%.,.,. 40%, 60%.. -. ' ' ' '.,... ", ". :.,,,..
.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,.,. 10,., 10. 3..,,..,... ", "...,..,,. -. 4...,,., 4.,,,.,,,,,.,. (1986)
3.9% 27.7%., ( ),... 1.,. 1991 ' ', " ".. 1993 5,. 3..,..
. 1), 40~50. ( 1).. ' '..,, ( 1),. 60,,,..,,,. ( 1)..,. ( 1) (Togano : 1980)
2),...,....,,.,. (Silhouette).,,,.,,... 60 7 15 ' ',,(27.8%), (23.5%), (20.3%), (15.4%).
.,.,,,. 3)...,.....,,.....,........ ( 3) ( 2~8)
( 4)., (A) ( 5) ( 6). ( 7) ( 8)...,,, (stole). (V),,.. ( 9). ( 9)
4).,,, ( ) 50..,. ( ),...,,,,. 2. 1).. 60 1990 7.6%. 45 65, 65., ' ',.,,,.,,,,.,,,.,,,.
...,.,....,,.. 2). 1969. A... (1), ( ) 50~64 90%, 65 80%. 65 1,900Kcal, 1,600Kcal..,..,,,.. (2),..,,.,,,,..,,.. (3).,..
,. 80%. (4) ( : ),.,. ( : ),,,.,. (5) :..,. D,,. :.. 1 10g,,,. (6) A:. A., A,. B 1, B 2 : B 1 B 2 B1, B 2,,. C: C,,,,,,. C,. C,,. ( 1). ( 1)
3) ', '.., 40.,,,,. (1),.,.,. 10g.,, 20~30g.,,.. 2~3. (2)..,, 3.. 9. (3), D,.,.,
.. 4).,... (1).,..,,. (2)..,..,,,...,,,.. 65 ( 2). ( 2) (65 ) 1
( 3). ( 3) 1
(3),,.. :.. :... (,,, ), (,, ), (, ).,,.
(4).,.,,..,,.. (5).,... 1993 6.,,,,,, 6. ' ' (31.5%). (20.7%), (10.3%),, 11.8%.,, ' '.,.,,,,, 22.
.,.,..,,. DHA(docosahexa-enoic acid, C 22:6)...,,, A..,,,.,,.,. 1... 3......,. ' ', ' '..,..,...,. 1) ( ),.,...
.. ' '.,. 1993 123 80, 43, 104, 19. 65 0.3% 7 2 39 ( 1). ( 1).. 2).,,,.,,.. (1) (shared housing) 2.,,,.,,,..,.,,,,,,. (2) (accessory apartments),,..,
,,.,,,,. (3) (ECHO: Elder Cottage Housing Opportunities)..,.,,,,. (4) (retirement communities),..,. 500.,.,.,,,,,,,,,,..,,,.,. (5) (congregate housing), 1970.. 65~85. 50 ~450, 2 10 2 3. 1 2.,.,,,,,. (6) (nursing home),.,,. 24...
. 3)..,. 1989 " " ' '. ' ' ' '. ' ' 68%, ' ' 21%, 89%. 41%, 94%.,. 1993 3 50 8. 72.3% ' ' 62.3%. ' ' 33.7%, ' ' 29.7%, ' ' 22.8%. 70~75 50.7%, 65~70 32.8%, 75 12%, 60~65 4.3%. 65.2%, 25.3%, 7.1%. (51%), (21.2%), (20%), 7.7%,. 63.8%,, 29%, 25.6%, 23.1%., ( 2). (1993),. ( ),.,,.,.,, ( 1). ( 2) ( ) (1993 7 )
( 1)
( 1) 120,,. 3 386..,,. ( 2).,
( 2).....,,,,,,,,,,. 4).,,,.. (1),,,,,,. ' '.., TV,... ( ). (, ),
. (, ),. (2) ( ). ( )......... 100cm~120cm..,. 60cm.. <16>. <17>. <18>,. <19>. <20>,,,,, TV. (3) ( )..,.,..,...
. ' '....... 60 20 3 3~6.,,. 1991 67.6 8 75.6. 3~4 12.,.. 1. 1.,,. 10 2,
70 20 3/4.,,..,....,,..,., ( : ).,.,..,.. ( 1). ( 1) 1)..?.
(1) : 4. A.. B. C.. D C.. 4.. : 4. A, B. C. D 6,. 1 2. (2),,,?.. ( ). :.. :.,.... :.... :.... :. :.. :..,.,,. (3) ( ).,,. 40 3~7.
3,,..,,.,..,. [ : 49 ]....... 2) ' '...,,...,.,... 3 2 60 65 53%, 41%... [ : 75 65 74 K. 3.. 65,., 70... ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' '...,,
.,. 2....,. ( 1). ( 1) 1)..,,.,.. 2)..,,. ( : )
..,,. 3)... 4) 45 ~65.,,,...,. 5) ( ),. ( ).,.,,..,. 6),..... 7),.,.,,. 3...,.....,,. 1)
(1)....,.. (WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: ), ( ), ( )... (2) ( ).,,,,,.,... 2)..,.....,,,,,... (1) ( )... (2)..... (3) 2.... 3)..,. ( ).
. ( ). ( ). (1).,., ( : ), ( : ),,,,,. (2) ( ) 65.,, ( ).,,. ( )., ( ),,. 4.. 65 2~3%,. (, ). 1986,,,.,..,.. 65 5~10%. 1),....,,... ' '..,,
, ( )... 2),,. (1)..,,,.. (2).,..... 4~5....., 1 ~2. (3)...,,,..,,,,,......,,,. ( ),,...,... (4),,.,. [ : 62 ] 37.
. 2. 48 1 ( : )..,. 2. (5). (manic depressive psychosis : ) ( ),.. [ : 72 ] 3. 3.... " 2. 2. 2~3. 5. (Eric Allison) ' '..,....,. 3.,., " ' ' ",.,.,..,... ( ).,
.,. 3........,, ( ). 1989 8, 60 1,005 ' ' ' ' ' ' (40.5%)... 21 30 40 60 4...
,..,,,, ' ' ' ',,. 1.. (10 ), (10 ), (8 ), 60. 20. 35.. 1991 3 2 5 39%.. ( 1) (, 1992 9 19 )
1983 4.3% 4.,. 1983 20 (5.5%). 1983 7.6% 1991 11.2%.,,, ( 1).,,,. 55 ' '. ' ' 5. (5 ), 50.,.
( 1)
. 30 40. 2. 1) 60 70%,......,,..,.,.. 2).,....,.....,,.. 3)...,.. ( )...
.,.. 3..... ' '..............,... 4....,,.,,. 1) 1993 " " 60 1,054. 8.7%, 1 3 20.1%, 3 5 27.1% 55.9% 5..
. ( 2) 65.3%, 47.7%., 39.4%, 38.2%.,,,... ( 2)......,... 2). ' ' 54.8%, ' ' 23.8%., 13.9%.,.,. ( 3)
., 5.6%.........,.,. 5.,.,.,..
55 60... 1) 1993 60, 49.9%. 60 62.7%, 75 40.1%. 54.6%, 45.8%.,.. 34.6%, 17.1%. 18.7%, 23.7%, 5.8%.. 30.1%, 34.9% 6.7%, 17.6%. 38.9%, 22.4%. 75.0%..,.....,. 12. 1993 1 ( 4)... 5 10 ( 1)
.,.,.,,. ' '. 5 50 1,. 20 1,,, 2,, 4 5. " "....., ' '. 2)..,,,,,. ' ',.
,...,,.,,,,. ( 5)... 1987 ( 5)... ( ).
1...,..,.,,...,,,.,...,.......,,,,. ',.' 82.
,..,..,., 2.,,,,.,..,,,.. 2...,.,...,.,,. 40% (1989). ' 2 ', ' '...,.. 3. ' '.,,...,.
.,.,,,,. 1).,. " "...,. ' '.....,,. (1989) ( 1). ( 1),.,.,,..
.,,,.. 1950. (1989.12.30),,.. 5 2. (408, 38,882 ),. 1991 4 ' ' ' ' " ". 1993 6 1.,,,. 1991 12 29 4 2 15.. 2),....,.,,,.,.,,,,,,..,,. ' '. ' ',,.. 1972, 1974, 1975, 1976, ( ), 1977.,,,,, YMCA YWCA,,,,,,,.
( 2). ( 2) 1991 408 3 8 882. 1985 245 1993 281..,.......,,,,,,,. (45.7%) (14.2%), (21.9%) (22.0%).,,,.,,,,..,.,,,,...,,,,,,.
.,,. 3),,,..,..,.,,., ( 2),,.,......,,,,,. ' ', ' ', ' '.,,,..,,,,,,,,,,,.,,..,,. 4),,,,,,,,,. (1989) 1,005, ( 3). ( 3)
.,. 60~64 46.1%, 65~69 49.8%, 70~74 44.8%, 75 34.6%,., ( 4). ( 4),,.,,. (60~64 18.4%, 65~69 39.0%, 70~74 50.0%, 75 64.0%),,,,.,.., ' = '.....,,,,,. 1988 2 200, 1992 75 6 31 3 22, 23 9 47 4 205.
. 1993 1 21 9, 46 6 197.,. ' ', ' '. ' ',,.. 5).. 92, 82. 85. ' ' 5... 4..,..,.,., 20 1905 24.4, 22.6, 40 1945 45.6. 40 1985 71.3, 64.9 1905 3. 1995, 75.0, 68.2 10 4., 1990 64.8 1.5..,,,.,..,. 1950 1990 40 (, 1990), ( 48.2 68.2, 53.9 75.0 :21.1 ), (5 2 :3 ), ( 46.0 37.8 : 8.2, 42.0 35.2 : 6.8 )....,,..,, PTA,,,,.
.,.,,.,,.,,.,.,,,,. 1), 2)....,.,.,.,.,..,.,...,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.,,.,,..,.. ", ".,,,,,,..
60 1990 7.6%, 2000 10.7%, 2040 25.0%.,,,...,,,,,,..,,,. 4., ( ),, ( ) ( ), ( ), ( ). 1...,...
( )... ( ) ( )........,.. 2.. 4,,,,. ( 1),,.,,,. (demogrant) ( ) ( ). (social insurance) (,,,, ) ( 1),. (public assistance) ( ).
.... 4. 1) (1) ( 1). ( 1).. (2) ( ): (1960 ), (1975 ), (1988 )., 1992 1 470 7 5 1996. 1993 5.
20 ( ) 60 ( ).. 15 20 60 ( ). 15 60 ( ). 1,, ( ),. 1 2 ( ). 1988 20 2008. 1988 60 60.,. :,. 65, ( ) 1 300 1 13 (1993 ). (1993 5 6 ),. (1993 5 9 ),. ( ). 1 14 1,300.,,,. 1991 12 5 7 44 (65 5.7%), 6 3 89 (65 0.3%), 19 5 4 33 (65 8.8%). : 65 1993 70 (,, ) 1 5.. : 65,,,,, ( ) 50%. 65 12. : 1992 7, (3 3% 55 )... 60,.
. : 3 5,. :,, (1 5 ),,... ( ). :. 1993 41 22, 3, 2, 1..,.. 45, 2 50.,, 20., 15.. 2) (1) (( 2) ).. (2) :,.. :. 1., 2, 50~80%. 1 15 1,300 1/3, 40~60%. : 1983 ( ). 1 2. ( 2)
,. ( ) 2~3,...,.. 3) (1). 75%,.. (2) :. 3. 2 5, 1,500 ( 3 ). :.,,. 1993 1 17 9, 2 16 1, 14 3, 2. 1 18 4, 2 16 5, 14 7, 2.,
. 1993 1 2 42, 2 2 8 37, 1 2 50, 2 2 5 35. 1993 1994...,, ( ).,,. 3. 4) (1). (social services)... ( 3)..,,, ( ), ( ), ( ). (2) :.,,,. ( 3)
. :,,,,. 1993 3 5 ( ). 12 65 190,,.
' ' ' '., 10,,. 83 5.,,,. ( ): 1992 9 2 650, 60 1/3 100., 1 2 500...,. ' ' ' '. : 1987 756 ( ) 5 3.,. :,,, 1993 6 1. :,,,. 1993 10, ( )., 1 1~2 1~3.,,,,,. ( 3 ).,,.. 1993. : 65 3 1992. 65, 1992 7,. 1994. 3.,,..
...,,., ( ),,. 4., (, ),.... ( ),,,,. 1994..,..,.,.,.
1960,,,....,,. 1.?,..,,.,.., ' ' ' '.,.,,.,,.,.,,.
,.,.,...,..,,,,,. ' '. 2.,.. 60 15~20%., ( ),,,,...,,,..,,,. 3. 21 ' ',.,..,,.,,,,.,.,,..
. 1989 50% 70%.,.,,..,..., 35, 25..,...,,..,.,,,.,, 21.