5 51 5 5 54 55 1

51 ( ) ( V ), 51 (Girder, 5 a), 5 a (Girder)

(Jois) 5 (Jois) (Purin, 5 c) 5 c (Purin) (ringer) (Cross Beam) 5 d (ringer) I-, H-,, -, -

5 51 1 -,,, - 5 a ( ) (V ), 5 ε ε φ (51) 4

a 5, φ, Hooke 54, (5) Eε Eφ (5) 54 h h da (5) (5) (5) (54 a, ) 5

h h h E φ da Eφ h da (54a) EIφ (54), I h h da (5) (54) c (55) I, c, I / c, - (I- ) ( 55) X- Y- X- 55 a, (56) 6

ma req (56) a 1 ( 56) X- c (57a) (57) (57a) I / e c (57) I / ec c 56 1 e e c, c 5 57 7

I- 57, - 58 - (easic-pasic ehavior) 58 - (ied momen)(58) ( 57 ) (58) 57 d ε E s 8

(pasic momen),, Z da da Z (59) p A (shape acor) (510) p Z Z (510) 59, I φ 59 φ 9

, I- (AIC W- ) 109 118, 11 I- ( ) 10% 10% I-, 5-1 d d 51 1 req ma,, d a d ( ) d / d d 0 d 6 p 10

p da d A p 15 d / 0 d 4 I- I 5 510, H-, I- (a) (Roed Beam) V τ v (511a) h () (Pae Girder) V τ v (511) d (c) VQ τ v (511c) I, V Q 1 I d, 11

h 510 5 51, A B C D, 1

5 511 I- 511 I- / 51 I - ( 4 4 - ) 1

51 ( ) 51 1) 41 4 4 14

51 (cm) 51 15

5 (N/mm ) 400 400 A 41 490 490Y 50 A 50 570 A 58 (mm) 40 40 100 40 40 100 40 40 75 75 100 40 40 75 75 100 ( N / mm ) 140 i 0,000( ) 10 i 0,000( ) 190 i 0,000( ) 175 i 0,000( ) 10 i 0,000( ) 00 i 0,000( ) 96i < 80i 96i 411i < 80i 411i 40i < 80i 40i 55i < 80i 55i 4i < 80i 4i i < 80i i 195 6i i 0,000( ) < 80i 6i 60 i 0,000( ) 50 i 0,000( ) 45 i 0,000( ) 91i < 80i 91i 97i < 80i 97i 00i < 80i 00i 16

) 4 (1) 1/16 514 ( ) 16 () 5 17

5 (N/mm ) 400 400 A 41 490 490Y 50 A 50 570 A 58 ] (mm) 40 40 100 40 40 100 40 40 75 75 100 40 40 75 75 100 ( N / mm ) 140 i 0,000( ) 10 i 0,000( ) 190 i 0,000( ) 175 i 0,000( ) 10 i 0,000( ) 00 i 0,000( ) 195 i 0,000( ) 195 i 0,000( ) 195 i 0,000( ) 195 i 0,000( ) 11 < 16 11 16 < 16 16 11 < 16 11 117 < 16 117 107 < 16 107 110 < 16 110 111 < 16 111 96 < 16 96 98 < 16 98 99 < 16 99 18

5 - - ) 1 a) L-, L- 0 6 (51a) [on/cm ] [kn/cm ] ), T- 4 76 (51) [on/cm ] [kn/cm ] (cm) I-T- (cm) ) a), 74 4 (51a) [on/cm ] [kn/cm ] (51) I s (cm 4 ) 19

4 d I s 19 150 (51) d 110 48 (51c) [on/cm ] [kn/cm ] d (cm),, 5-515, - (aera-orsiona ucking), 0

515 -, -, - 516 ( 516 a), ( 516 ) ( 516 c) a c 516, 517 1

Z 517 c,, 517 d L 517 C, CG e -, 518,, 518 a 518

518, -,, (55) (/ q ), - (55) 4 (514 a) (514 ) eq 06 1 + 04 (514 a) eq 04 1 (514 )

, 14, AIC C m AIC (515 a) (515 ) 67 67 [kg/cm ] [kn/cm ] (515 a) 14 10 14 10 d d A 6 4 [kg/cm ] [kn/cm ] A (515 ), (cm) (cm), 10% 5%, p, 4

I- 06 5 7 10 Cm r [kn/cm ] [kn/cm ] 0 6 [kn/cm ] (516) a 5 7 10 Cm 58 10 r 5 C m ( / ) r a[kn/cm ] [kn/cm ] 5 (517 a) 107 10 Cm 8470Cm a[kn/cm ] [kn/cm ] (517 ) H / A, 06 5 58 10 Cm r [kn/cm ] a [kn/cm a [kn/cm 1 10 C ] (518 a) ( / r ] 8470C 5 m ) m (518 ) H / A, 06, (cm), C m 5

, r - (cm) A (cm ) C m 10 C m 175 105( / ) + 00( / ) 0 (519) 1 1, 1 1 /, 1,,, C m 1 519 r r 1/ (, 1/6), r r w d I + 7 (50) 1 A + Aw 6 519 r I-,, 6

06 54 541, - 54 -, 55-54 (kg/cm 01N/mm ) (, Π - - ) 7

8 55 (N/mm ) ( 54 ) 0 45 45) 4( 140 45 140 < 0 40 40) 8( 1940 45 190 < 7 5 5) 44( 10 5 10 < 5 50 50) 66( 60 50 60 < 7 40 40) 4( 00 40 00 < 5 50 50) 6( 50 50 50 < c w A A 0 50 50) ( 10 50 10 < 0 40 40) 5( 175 40 175 < 7 40 40) 40( 195 40 195 < 5 50 50) 60( 45 50 45 < 0 9 9) 1( 140 9 140 < K K K 0 8 8) 19( 190 8 190 < K K K 7 7 7) ( 10 7 10 < K K K 5 10 10) ( 60 10 60 < K K K 7 8 8) 1( 00 8 00 < K K K 5 10 10) 1( 50 10 50 < K K K c w A A 0 10 10) 11( 10 10 10 < K K K 0 8 8) 175( 175 8 175 < K K K 7 8 8) 0( 195 8 195 < K K K 5 10 10) 0( 45 10 45 < K K K w A ) ( cm c A ) ( cm

K (cm) (cm) A w + A c 54, (Compac ecion) 14, -,, / d/ 4 ( ) (51 a) (51 ), a i [kn/cm ] 1 04 Cmλ p [kn/cm 15 ] (51 a) a 9000 [kn/cm ] [kn/cm ] (51 ) h 15 A 9

, C m 175-105( 1 / ) + 0( 1 / ) (5) 1 ( 1 / ) (+), (-) C m 1 a (on/cm ) (cm) i 1/6 (cm), (50) h ( ) A (cm ) E λ p π 06 1, AIC, 56 λ p, 56 λ λ r ( cm, kn/cm ) p λ, λ /, λd/ w I-, d, w λ p, λ r 0

λ λ p λ r 545 1174 70 545 890 1160 159 1996 h w 57 w 81 w 0 66 (5) a, 06 0% 066 p 1

10% 5-, 14 m w 0 kn/m ( on/m) I-, 490-5- 1 0 14, ma wl 490 [kn m] 49 [on m] 8 8 0 14 V ma wl 140 [kn] 49 [on ] 8 (, ) 0 a 1 [N/mm ] 1[kN/cm ] 1 [kg/mm ] 15 15 req, req,ma a 490 10 [ kn cm] 97 [ cm 1 [ kn/cm ] ]

4 I- 600 190 1 5 I 4 900 cm, 50 cm I 4 540 cm, 67 cm i 499 cm, 1 mm, 15 mm, r1 g 1 [kg/m] 1[kN/m] 1 15 mm 5 51 / (51 c) d 110 [on/cm ] 48 [kn/cm ] d 600 5 550 [mm] w w 1 [mm] d 550 110 4 < 1 5 / (51 ) 48 1 615 OK 4 [on/cm ] 76 [kn/cm ] 190 95[mm] 5 [mm] 4 76 8 < 14 OK 6 - (51 a) (51 )

i a [ kn /cm ] 1 04 (51 a) C 15 mλ p 9000 a [kn/cm ] (51 ) a A - 0 a 1 [kn/cm ] 15 15 7 71 1 14 585 [kn m] 8 490 + 585 5 [kn m], ma 1 14 V ma 140 + 149 [kn] 7,ma 5 10 [kn cm] 16 [kn/cm ] < 1 70 [cm ] OK 7 τ ma 149 a Vw a 1914 [kn/cm ] 1 60 < τ 0 τ a 15 115 [kn/cm ] a 4

5- L164 m ma,00865 kn m (00865 on m ) H,, 46kN/cm 4600 kg/cm (570) 1 5, ma,00865 [kn m] [kn/cm ] a 50 a 6 [kn/cm ] 600 [kg/cm ],ma,00865 10 [kn cm], req 776 [cm ] a 6 [kn/cm ] 4 ( ) H- 900 00 16 8 9140 [cm ] >, reg 776 [cm ] g 4 [kg/m] 4[kN/m] 5 51 511 (5 ) d 40λ 5

d a 900 8 844 [mm] i 065φ + 01φ + 10 φ i 86 w 1, 1 1 844 16 [ mm] > 55[ mm] 40 86 OK ( 54 ) 51 d 844 w 16 751 91i 91 86 6 [kn/cm ] 600 [kg/cm ] a 5 51 ( 514 ) 14[mm] 8 [mm] > 89[mm] OK 16 16 00 16 14 [mm] 5 ( 55 ) 14[mm] 8[mm] > 15[mm] 96 96 6 [kn/cm ] 600 [kg/cm ] a 6 - ( 54 ) 54 6 [kn/cm ] 7 71 4 164 81700 [kn m] 8 00865 + 81700 0905 [kn m] a, ma 6

7 0905 10 [kn cm] 87 [kn/cm ] < 600[kN/cm ] 9140 [cm ],ma a OK 55, τ v τ a 57 57 (N/mm ) 400 400 A 41A 490 490Y 50 A 50 570 A 58 80 110 10 150 1 τ a s 15 7

1 / τ a s /15 (54) 15 AIC τ 04 (55) a, / h / 019 h / (56) h (cm) ( kn/cm ) (56) Huer-von ises-henck (energ o disorsion), - τ (57) (57) 167 05, (55) 05 h/, 60, / 04 8

5-4 80,000 kg 800kN I-600 00 11 17,, I-600 00 11 17 54 I-600 00 11 17 I 77,600 cm (a) τ Q V I 9

Q Q τ τ ange A nn Q 17 (0 ) 4 915 9911 [cm 8 11 + 14 [cm ] 9911 [cm ] 800[ kn] 051 [kn/cm ] 51 [kg/cm ] 4 77600[ cm ] 0 [cm] 1 1, 9911 [cm ] 800 [kn] 99 [kn/cm ] 99 [kg/cm ] 4 77600 [cm ] 11 [cm] 1 1, we τ 141 [cm ] 800 [kn] 141 [kn/cm ] 141 [kg/cm ] 4 77600[ cm ] 11 [cm] ma V 800 () τ average, we [kn/cm ] 11 [kn/cm ] 11 [kg/cm ] h 11 60 w ], 56-50, ± σ (58 a) ± σ c (58 ) c c 40

50,, (59) ± ±, I- ( 51) a + a 1 (50), a (51) a (5) 41

4 51 a a I-,, aow + + (5) aow aow + (54) X- ( 54 55), Y-, 50,

4 57 58, (Camer) 58 58

,, /, 4 q 5q 5 5 ma (55) 84EI 48 8 EI 48 EI, ma H a, ma, I I a, ma (56) H ma, / H 5, ma (57) 4 E 74 1/00 1/50 1/500 1/800~1/11,00,,, ( + ), AIC(111), 1/60,, 44

58 1 A ) ( req ) ( a 4 ) (, req 5 4 6, 7, 6 5-5 10 cm, 11 kn/m 0 kn/m, 10 m 0 m, 490 I- 5m 490, 0 [N/mm ] 00 [kg/cm ] 1 5 [on/m ] 01[m] 0[m] 075[on/m], 011 [on/m ] 0[m] 0[o/m] ( ) 008 [on/m] 0[on/m ] [m] 09[on/m] 45

06[on/m] w 1 [on/m] 1[kN/m] 1 10, ma wl 65 [kn m] 8 8 1 10 V ma w 1050 [kn] 0 a 1 [N/mm 15 15 ] 1 [kg/cm ] 1 [kn/cm ] req 4 65 10 [kn cm] 11 [cm ] 1 [kn/cm ],ma, req a 5 I -400 150 15 5 4 I 1700 cm, 1580 cm i a i ( a) 405 cm, 4 A 15 1 cm, 5 cm, r 7 cm 1, i 161 cm 6 61 51) 4 4 1 4 150 5 60 < 14 OK 6 46

47 15 04 1 m a C i p λ (51 a) a A a 9000 (51 ) (51 a) 15 04 1 m a C i p λ cm 50 ] [cm 70 15 5 1 1 4 I ] [cm 75 15 5 A ] [cm 79 15 5) (40 6 1 6 1 w A ] [cm 4479 6 1 + w A A 108 ] [kn/cm 06 ] 1000 [kn/cm ] [on/cm 06 ] [on/cm 100 06 96 6 1 > + π π π λ p w E A A I i 10 m C (51 a)

a 50 96 1 04 10 108 15 1815 [kn/cm ] (51 ) 9000 9000 a 80 [kn/cm ] > 1[ kn/cm ] a 50 40 15 A 5 14 (51 a) (51 ) 15 a 1 [kn/cm 15 6 61 ] g 958 [kg/m] 01 [on/m] w 075 + 0 + 01+ 09 08 [on/m] 1 [kn/cm] ( ),ma 65 10 [kn cm] a 1661 [kn/cm ] < 1 1580[ cm ] OK 6 V 105 [ kn] τ v 1 [ kn / cm ] < 11 [ kn / cm ] OK a 15 [ cm] 40 [ cm] a τ τ 15 / 1 15 11 [ kn / cm ] 48

5-6 0 m 1 kn/m P 14 kn, 490Y W41( σ 4[kN/cm ]) 56 1 g 0[kN/m] w 1 0 + 0 40 [kn/m] P 140[kN/m] 14 0 4 0, ma + 70 [kn m] + 100 [kn m] 1910 [kn m] 4 8 14 4 0 V ma + 71+ 40 11 [kn] a 600 [kg/cm ] 60 [N/mm ] 60 [kn/cm ],ma 191000 [kn cm], req 9095 [cm ] a 100 [kn/cm ] 4 Producs Guide 49

H- 900 00 18 4 I 4 498,000 cm, 10,900 cm g 86kg/m r 8 mm 5 51 ( 41) min (51) 46i 900 4 8 [mm], i 065φ + 01φ + 10 86, φ 1 1 8 min 5[mm] < w 18[mm] 46 86 (5) 490Y, < 40 mm 8 8 [mm] > 7 [mm] i 86 a 100 [kg/cm ] 1 [kn/cm ] 5 ( 4) 16 18 15 4 [ cm] > 09 OK 16 6 - ( 1) - 100 [kg/cm ] 1 [kn/cm ] (54) cag 7 5 6-50

a 1 [kn/cm ] w 10 [kn/m] P 140 [ kn] g 86 [kg/m] [kn/m] 14 0 4 0, ma + 1910 [kn m] 4 8 14 4 0 V ma + 11 [kn],ma 191,000 [kn cm] a 175 [kn/cm ] < 1[kN/cm ] 10,900 [cm ] OK Vma 11 τ ma 19 [kn/cm ] < 11[kN/cm ] OK 18 90 5-7 5-5 0mm 57 I- 51

1 I A 6 515 1758[cm ] 0 4 ( 5 1875 ) 5156[cm ] 1580 1758 1404 [cm ] > 11 [cm ], req OK 5-8 anθ 064 L m, w 4 kn/m - 400 58 θ 0 o 1 ma wl 8 4 8 51 [kn m] 5

V 4 w 64 [kn] cosθ 51 096 478 [kn m] ma ma sinθ 51 04 1511 [kn m] ma θ 0 V sinθ 64 04 V ma 189 [kn] V Vma cosθ 64 096 6001 [kn] 4 [kn/cm ] (400), req 06 + 06 478 10 06 4 5 15 10 + 06 4 (54) + 60764 94 [cm ] 5 0 (I- ) - -15 150 75 65 10 A 71cm, g 186kg/cm 4 I 864cm, 115cm > 57 5 4 I 1cm, 6cm, C 1cm 4 41 V ma (4 + 0186) 8 558[kN m] 4186 6700[kN] 558 096 500[kN m] ma ma 558 04 18[kN m] V 6 700 096 655[kN] 5

4 41 / 51 c d 110 [/cm ] 48 [kn/cm ] 48 4 48 4899 71 d 150 10 140[mm], 65[ mm] d 140 65 < 48 71, OK 4 / 51 76 [kn/cm ] 76 4 16 75 8 < 10 76 16, OK 4 - - 9,000 9,000 1406[kN/cm ] 0 150 A 75 44 5 00 115 45[kN/cm ] 10 45[kN/cm ] 6 45 7767 + + 07 + 0486 086 < 10 a a 117 160 45 / 4 τ a 94[kN/cm ] 15 15 54

V 55 τ 0 064[kN/cm ] < τ a 94[kN/cm h 065 15 6 ] 54,, (we ieding) (cripping) ( 5),,, AIC 5 (ieding) (cripping) 55

N 45 5, (N+k), (oe o ie) 075 56

5 (cripping) R 0 75 (58) ( N + k ) R w w N k B B, B R N p, p (59) 5 p 0 75 075 ma 1 p ( ) p, B/-k, k + r 6 075 ma, ma p 57

req 4 p (540) 5-9 400 ( 400kg/cm 4kN/cm ), B 00mm N 150mm 59 1 R 00[kN] ( N + k) 10[cm] (15[cm] + 5[cm]) w + r 18 + 17 5[mm] k 0 75 (58) 10811[ kn / cm ] 075 4 18[kN/cm ], OK p 10811[kN/cm 1 ] 58

p R NB 00[kN] 0667[kN/cm ] 15[cm] 0[cm] req ( 540) req 4 p 65 4 0667 4 17[mm] B 00[mm] k 5[cm] 65[cm] [mm] 55,, R 1 7 Q (541) n i, Rn, 17 Q i (, ) 17 59

, 551 1 w u u Z u u Z req (54) 4 5 6, 5 req 5-10 510 a 510 60

a) 1 4 P / P 4 P u 4 P 4 ( ) P ) 1 16 P, P 16 61

P u δ θ + P δ 0 θ P Pu 6 4 ( ) Pu 6 P 9 P P 16 / 8 51 51 400 I-50 150 ), )! - 400, 40 N/mm (400 kg/cm ) 1 9mm, 5mm, r 1 mm g 585 kg/m, A 7458 cm 4 I 1500 cm, 871 cm, i 14 cm 4 I 715 cm, 954 cm, i 10 cm 6

51 I-50 150 9 15 ) 1 11-1 11 ( 41) 15 mm 150 9 141 705 mm 705 47 < 11 15 ( 5) a 1400 kg/ cm 140 N/mm 1 ( 41) 6

9 1 mm 50 15 0 mm 0 56 < 56i 16 51 9 1 1, φ i 065 9 0i + 01 + 10 86 0 104 80 86 0 9 145 0 0 5 6 < 96i 15 1400 kg/cm 140 N/mm a,ma a 14 [kn/cm ] 871 [cm ] 1194 [kn m] 5 ) 1 11 - - 1 11 ( 411) 15 mm 64

150 75 mm 75 4 4 50 155 15 [on/cm ] 4 1 ( 41 1 9 mm d 50 15 1 94 mm d 94 110 110 71 9 [on/cm ] 4 1 4 [kn/cm ] a 160 [N/mm ] 15 15,ma a 16 [kn/cm ] 871 [cm ] 196 [kn m] 5 5, 10 m w 0 kn/m 400, 40 N/mm (400 kg/cm ) I-, 5 65

1 11,ma,ma wl 0 10 750 [kn m] 8 8 1 V ma wl 0 10 Vma 150 [kn] 1 400 a 40 [N/mm ] a 15 15 τ a 160 [N/mm ] 1600 [kg/cm ] / 40 [N/mm ]/ τ a 15 15, req 75 10 [kn cm] 6 [N/mm ] 60 [kg/cm ],ma req, 1 a 160 10 [kn/cm ] 44 [cm ] 4 I- ( 198, ) I-600 190 1 5 70 cm > 44 cm, req 4 I 900 cm, 4 I 540 cm, 1 1 mm, 5 mm, r 5 mm i 41 cm, i 87 cm 5 51 511-66

- 51 511 (51 ) 190 / 4 4 8 < 155 OK 5 [on/cm ] 4 51 (51 c) d 600 5 5 500 mm d 1 500 110 110 85 < 71 OK 1 [on/cm ] 4 51 a a 15 160 [N/mm ] 5 / τ a 94 [N/mm ] 15 6 61,ma 75 [kn m] 70 [cm ] 114679 [kn/cm ] 1147 [N/mm ] a 160 [N/mm ] < OK 6 ( 511 a) 1 150 10 [N] V τv < τ h 1 [mm] 60 [mm] 19 [N/mm ] a 94 [N/mm ] 5 5 490Y, 60 N/mm (600kg/cm )! 67

, 1,ma 750 [kn m] 75 [on cm] V ma 1500 [kn] 150 [on ] 1 490Y 06 06 60 144 [N/mm ] 144 [on/cm a ] 15 15 / τ a 19 [N/mm ] 19 [on/cm ] 15, req 75 10 [kn cm],ma req, a 144 10 [kn/cm ] 4 I- I-600 190 16 5 604 [cm ] 1 16 mm, 5 mm, r 1 5 mm, A 45 cm, 4 I 10000 cm, 40 cm, i 510 cm 5 51 511 - (50) A 190 5 6650 mm 665 cm A (600 5) 16 8800 mm 880 cm I w 5 190 0005416 mm 00054 cm 1 4 4 68

5 E 1 10 [N/mm ] 06 06 60 [N/mm ] λ π π 979 p a) (51 a) a 500 510 60 1 979 15 1 04 148 [N/mm ] ) (51 ) 9000 6 a < 500 60 15 15 665 1995 [kn/cm ] 4 [kn/cm ] (51 a) 148 [N/mm ] a 5 / τ a 94 15 [N/mm ] 094 [on/cm ] 6 61 75 10 [kn cm] 866 [kn/cm ],ma 40 [cm ] < 866 [N/mm ] a 148 [N/mm ] OK 6 V 150 10 [N] τv 1564 [N/mm ] < τa 94 [N/mm ] h 16 [mm] 600 [mm] 1 OK 69

54 5 1 ( 56 ) 5 L ma,ma 48 EI 5 (100 10 [cm]) 750 [kn m] 4 5 4 48 1 10 [kn/cm ] 1 10 [cm ] 14 [cm] ma 14 L 1000 1 699 < 1 00 OK 55 60kN(6), 5!, N 0cm, a 60 kg/cm 6 N/mm 1 R ma R ma 60 [kn] A c a 5 ck 0 5 A ck A ck A 40 kg/cm 4 N/mm ck 70

A c A a 05 60 kg/cm 6 N/mm 06 kn/cm ck A A R req 60 [kn] ma req a 06 [kn/cm ] 4 B N 0 cm 600 [cm ] B A 600 B req 0 [cm] N 0 5 p r 5 mm, k + r 5 + 5 50 mm, B 00 mm B k 150 50 100 mm, 06 [kn/cm ] 60 [kg/cm ] ma 6 1 p p ma ma 0 75 cr 71

req 4 p 4 60 100 16 mm 400 60 kg/cm 6 N/mm p 400 kg/cm 40 N/mm 6 mm N 00 mm, B 00 mm, mm 7 (58) 400 40 N/mm R 60 [kn] N + k 1 [mm] (00 [mm] + 50 [mm] w ( ) 1108 [N/mm ] 075 075 40 180 [N/mm ] < OK 56 10m 5 P 00 kn ( on ), w 40 kn/m (4 on/m) 400, 40 N/mm (400 kg/cm ) H-!, 7

5 1 11, ma,ma wl PL 40 10 00 10 + + 150 [kn m] 8 4 8 4 1 V ma wl P 40 10 00 Vma + + 450 [kn] 54 1 a a 140 [N/mm ] 1400 [kg/cm ] τ a τ a 80 [N/mm ] 800 [kg/cm ], req 150 10 [kn cm],ma req, 1 a 140 10 [kn/cm ] 4 H-900 00 16 8 899 [cm ] 9140 cm > 899 cm, req A 098 cm, g 4 kg/cm 4 I 900 cm, 4 I 540 cm, 1 16 mm, 8 mm, r 8 mm 5 7

gl 4 10 075 [kg m] 075 [kn m] 8 8, ma,ma 150 + 075 1804 [kn m] V ma 10 V ma 50 + 4 615 [kn] 51,ma 1804 10 [kn cm] 9140 [cm ] 1401 [kn/cm ] a 14 [kn/cm ] 5 τ V 615 [kn] ma v 515 [N/mm ] < a 80 [N/mm ] h w 1 [mm] 900 [mm] τ 6 5 61 51 1 16 00 00 8 104 < 16 OK OK 5 400 10 4 < 11 140 N/mm a 6 51 > 56i, 900 8 844 mm, i 065φ + 01φ + 1 0 1 φ, 1 1 φ 74

844 575 < 96i 1586 16 a 140 N/mm 1400 kg/cm OK 57 54 Y 490 H-!, ( L 50 m ) 1 11 d 100 [kn m] d 1 V 60 [kn] a d 5 [m] 167 0 [m], 4 5 < < 0 55 7 < < 7 Y 490 a 1 044 ( 5) 1 044 (167 5) 1519 [kn/cm ] 1519 [N/mm ] τ a 57 τ 10 N/mm a 75

d 100 10 [kn cm] req, a 1519 [kn/cm ] 4, H-900 00 16 8 85571 [cm ] 1 16 mm, 8 mm, r 8 mm, A 098 cm, 4 I 411000 cm, 9140 cm, g 4 kg/m 5 51 d,ma 150 [kn m] 56 gl 4 10 075 8 8 [kg m] 075 [kn m] d,ma + 150 + 075 18075 [kn m] 51 10 V d 50 + 40 615 [kn] 6 61 d 1804 10 9140 1401 [kn/mm ] a 1519 [kn/mm ] < 6 Vd 615 10 τ v a 16 900 w 515 [N/mm ] 7 76

71 51 16 14 > min 9[mm] 16 16 8 mm > 9mm min 14 57 OK 5 7 51 Y490 w 46 i 900 8 844 mm i 065φ + 01φ+ 10 86 [cm] φ 1, 1, φ 1 844 w 16 [cm] > 048 [cm] 46i 46 86 ( Y490 ) 844 5, 4i 4 86 15 w 16 5 4i 15 w 5 a 100 kg/cm 10 N/mm 8 - a 1519 N/mm 77

58 56 ma 5 L q ma, w ma, ma 48 EI 8 1 L ma, p ma 1 EI 1 PL L EI L 4 4 1 1 PL mal 48 1 1 + ( 10 10 [cm]) 5, w 5075 [kn m] 5 4 48 1, 000 [kn/cm ] 411 10 [cm ] 064 [cm] ( 10 10 [cm]) 1, p 750 [kn m] 5 4 1 1, 000 [kn/cm ] 411 10 [cm ] 074 [cm] ma, +, 0641+ 074 164 [cm] w p 58 ma 164 1 L 10 1 < OK L 1000 7 000 000 00 59 54 15 o 78

w 7 kn/m 400, I-! 0 L m, 54 1 w wcos15 7 09659 6761 [kn/cm] w wcos15 7 0588 18116 [kn/cm] 1 1 6761 6 wl 046 [kn m] 8 8 1 1 18116 6 wl 815 [kn m] 8 8 req, 400, C 40 N/mm 4 kn/cm, u 5 79

req, C u 046 5 815 + + 06 075 06 40 075 40 451 [cm ] I-00 15 9 16 1 9 mm, 16 mm, r 1 15 mm A 6416 cm, g 4 kg/cm 4 I 4490 cm, 4 I 771 cm, 449 cm, 10 cm i 87 mm, i 47 mm i i h 419 cm, 49 A - (51) 15 4 4 9 < 155 OK 16 4 - d w 00 16 110 110 187 < 71 OK 9 4 4 41 00 m, I 1 1 16 15 604 [cm 4 B ] 1 1 A B 16 15 000 [cm ] ( ) ( ) A H 00 16 09 151 [cm ] w w ` i I 604 4 [cm] 1 1 A + Aw 000 + 151 6 6 80

6 E 1 10 λp π π 11997 06 06 400 (51 a) a 00 4 4 0 1 04 1 16 [kn/cm ] Cm 11997 15 Cm (51 ) a 9000 9000 h 00 0 A 0 0 [kn/cm ] I 1 1 0, w L 151 [kn m] 16 Cm 175 105( 1/ ) + 00( 1/ ) 175 0 a 0 Cm 1 16 1417 [kn/cm ] II 1 151 [kn m], 046 [kn m] C 175 105( / ) + 00( / ) m 1 1 151 151 175 105 + 00 046 046 15 0 0 4 a II-II 15 15 5 1 1449 [kn/cm ] I-I 151 10 [kn cm] 449 [cm ] 4076 10 [kn cm] 10 [cm ] 9 [kn/cm ] 96 [kn/cm ] 81

9 96 + 1417 + 1800 a a 046 < 10 OK II-II 046 10 [kn? m] 449 [cm ] 678 [kn/cm ] 815 10 [kn cm] 10 [cm ] 79 [kn/cm ] 68 79 + 1417 + 1800 a a 09 < 10 OK 510 55 a 55 a) 1 8

P, P 8 8 P 4P δθ + Pu δθ 0, Pu 8 4 ( ) Pu P P ) 1 8

P 1 1 P 1 4Pδθ + Pu δθ 0 P u 16 P 4 Pu 16 P P 1 84