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98 年不療理 98 年 2101 8 1 類理理理臨識 2 不 100 1 2 不 1 塞 non-rem stage 1 stage 2 stage 3 REM 2 spermatogenesis 數裂 meiosis 數裂列 homologous chromosome 聯 synapsis 數裂裂 mitosis 聯 crossing over sex chromosome X Y autosome 聯數裂 meiosis I 粒 centromere 離不離 3 了列泌 4 尿 diabetes insipidus synthesis vasopressin 葉 oxytocin 葉 5 60 塞來 ph 7.12 PCO 2 58 mmhg HCO 3 18 meq/l 列 respiratory acidosis metabolic acidosis respiratory alkalosis metabolic alkalosis 6 濾率 GFR 力量 Starling forces Π GC 力 P GC 力 P BS 濾 Π BS 7 離 Na + 理列離度離 active transport 離離度度 concentration gradient 離 H + co-transport 量離 nephron apical membrane 8 切列 9 列離量滑 spike potential 滑離離離離 10 列泌 gastric inhibitory polypeptide 泌 gastrin ghrelin 泌 secretin

8 2 11 列 atelectasis pneumothorax chylothorax neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 12 李行量量量 total lung capacity 5800 residual volume 1000 量 functional residual capacity 1800 tidal volume 500 李 expiratory reserve volume 800 1300 1500 2300 13 不列 alveolar pressure 肋 intrapleural pressure 肋 external intercostal muscles 量 14 列不療 refractory shock irreversible shock severe cerebral ischemia 不 persistent reduction of blood volume myocardial depression / failure acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 15 列 immunoglobulin Ig 度 IgM IgA IgA IgG IgE IgM IgG IgE 16 不力列力力力力力力力力 17 列 nitric oxide synthase NOS NOS 1 nnos 刺 NOS 2 inos macrophage bradykinin NOS 3 enos endothelial cell cytokine NOS 1 NOS 2 NOS 3 NO hemoglobin 18 Gap junction 見列 single-unit smooth muscle skeletal muscle multi-unit smooth muscle cardiac muscle single-unit smooth muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle cardiac muscle 19 列惡 malignant hyperthermia 離 homeostasis ryanodine receptor sarcoplasmic reticulum 行 20 列糖尿 diabetic polyneuropathy Babinski sign Areflexia Grasp reflex Exaggerated stretch reflex 21 cochlea hair cell 離 endolymph 流 hair cell 離 perilymph 流 hair cell 離 endolymph 流 hair cell 離 perilymph 流 hair cell 22 路 action potential Bipolar cell Ganglion cell Horizontal cell Photoreceptor cell 23 acetylcholine re-uptake acetylcholinesterase 流不 24 30 車切兩切兩 testosterone 理列更

8 3 25 列卵泌 prolactin luteinizing hormone oxytocin thyrotropin 26 列 Glucocorticoid Thyroid hormone Insulin Estrogen 27 列不 phenylketonuria 尿 Phenylalanine Phenylpyruvate Para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate Phenylacetate 28 1 狀 ammonia 度異列糖類利來尿 urea cycle blood-brain barrier 不 29 列降 fumarate Phenylalanine Alanine Cysteine Serine 30 粒 O 2 列 NADH dehydrogenase Glutathione peroxidase Glutathione reductase Superoxide dismutase 31 O 2 行 O 2 H 3 PO 4 CO 2 CO H 2 O 32-3- 路 glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle 列路 NADH 粒 matrix 3ATP / NADH 路 NADH NAD + 粒 FADH 2 路不粒 -3-mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 參路 malate dehydrogenase 參 33 靈 cyclosporine 來列靈不靈 P450 cytochrome P450 grapefruit 類 flavonoid 靈不靈度 erythromycin 不 P450 不靈度 34 autosomal recessive familial chylomicronemia triglyceride 列 Pancreatic lipase Endothelial lipase Lipoprotein lipase HMG-CoA reductase 35 靈列 Leukotriene Testosterone Insulin Prostaglandin 36 列 DNA RNA α 螺糖 -OH 37 列 RNA 5'-cap mrna rrna trna 5'-cap mrna 3' poly A 列 template DNA poly T 來 histone mrna 3' poly A 列 38 列 xeroderma pigmentosum ultraviolet 易異 neurological abnormalities 切復 base excision-repair

8 4 39 Okazaki fragments 列錄 transcription translation DNA DNA recombination DNA DNA replication 40 列不參 DNA DNA replication DNA 拓異 DNA topoisomerase 螺 helicase DNA single-stranded DNA binding protein DNA RNA DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 41 行列 glucose ATP lactate acetyl-coa Krebs cycle 參度 42 臨 DNA 硫 sodium bisulfite 理 cytosine 尿 uracil PCR 列兩離度不度度 A Melting Peaks B 8.574 A B 度 7.674 A 料不讀 6.774 -(d/dt) Fluorescence (483-533) 5.874 4.974 4.074 3.174 2.274 1.374 0.474-0.426 76 78 80 82 Temperature ( ) 43 列 NADPH glutathione 狀 Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase Pyruvate dehydrogenase Lactate dehydrogenase Alcohol dehydrogenase 44 O 2 力 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate 列 ketogenesis 糖 glycolysis 糖 gluconeogenesis 糖 pentose phosphate pathway 45 列 DNA 5 ATTGCAG-3 5 CUGCAAU 3 5 TAACGTC 3 5 ATTCGTC 3 5 ATTGCAG 3 46 B 12 列不 methylmalonic acid para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 47 NAD FAD coenzyme Astructure module ADP CDP GDP UDP 48 30 不易狀理 C 參 protein modification hydroxylation phosphorylation acetylation methylation 49 histidinenh 2 R-groupCOOH pka 9 6 2 ph 5.0 狀不 50 列不行 acid-base catalysis active site residue histidine 硫 methionine aspartic acid glutamic acid 84

8 5 51 淋 amoxicillin 列療 Cefixime Spectinomycin Ciprofloxacin Ceftriaxone 52 列 Beclomethasone Prednisolone Dexamethasone Triamcinolone 53 女列 Alcuronium Doxacurium Pancuronium Succinylcholine 54 列療 epilepsy phenytoin 理 Phenytoin 連 repetitive firing Phenytoin 離 Na channel blocker Phenytoin 離不 inactivation state Phenytoin glutamate 55 列療 EDTA Penicillamine Deferoxamine Dimercaprol 56 列 Fluoride osteoblast Bisphosphonates osteoclast 來療 osteoporosis Calcitonin 療 bisphosphonates 狀 RANKL 57 kidney failure 降數量 Renin GM-CSF G-CSF Erythropoietin 58 列療 Coccidioides immitis Ketoconazole Voriconazole Fluconazole Terbinafine 59 列療 nocardiosis pyrimethamine 來療 Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumocystis carinii Clindamycin Norfloxacin Trimethoprim Sulfadiazine 60 列料狀 Daptomycin Methenamine Nitrofurantoin Metronidazole 61 列 fluoxetine 類 amitriptyline 不列不 sedative action 不立 orthostatic hypotension 不 62 列 local anesthetics 理離理理 ph 7.4 離易 63 療 ondansetron 5-HT 2 5-HT 3 Histamine H 2 Muscarinic M 3 64 列 Onchocerca volvulus onchocerciasis river blindness Diethylcarbamazine Bithionol Oxamniquine Ivermectin 65 列不 G-6-P dehydrogenase Salicylic acid Nitrofurantoin Metronidazole Methenamine 66 列理 misoprostol 療泌泌 67 列不 myopathy 沈 68 列 antacid Mg(OH) 2 Al(OH) 3 CaCO 3 NaHCO 3 69 Epinephrine juxtaglomerular apparatus receptor renin α 1 β 1 α 2 β 2

8 6 70 列惡 D vitamin D 量 hypercalcemia Phenytoin Glucocorticoids Benzothiadiazine Phenobarbital 71 列不 testosterone biosynthesis Ketoconazole Flutamide Estradiol Leuprolide 72 ACh muscarinic receptor 滑列 second messenger camp cgmp IP 3 PIP 2 73 dapsone 療癩 2 rifampin ethambutol clofazimine cycloserine 74 列療 Plasmodium vivax Mefloquine Pyrimethamine Quinine Chloroquine 75 statin niacin 療不降列 LDL-C Triglyceride Apo B HDL-C 76 30 女 7 狀切切切見狀見狀不列 Pseudocyst Serous cystadenoma Mucinous cystadenoma Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm 77 60 1 methanol substantia nigra olivary nucleus retina optic nerve 78 15 女度葉 2 列來來狀 79 74 10 年尿來尿數尿尿量不兩不年年 prostatic specific antigen 不不列酪 80 25 狀泌尿切理狀鱗狀度洞 koilocytosis 列 Bowen disease 易狀類狀 18 30 易復

8 7 81 80 hyaline change 列理 Prolonged systemic hypertension Membranous glomerulonephritis Renal cell carcinoma Acute pyelonephritis 82 列 High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia transitional zone PSA 異更 p53 83 列理 granulosa cell tumor Schiller-Duval bodies sarcoma botryoides cambium layer yolk sac tumor Call-Exner bodies clear cell adenocarcinoma Reinke crystal 84 惡 malignant hypertension 理列不類 fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles hyperplastic arteriolitis necrotic or thrombotic changes in glomeruli hyaline arteriolosclerosis 85 42 來列塞塞塞不 86 75 不 migratory thrombophlebitis Trousseau sign 列 87 力 surfactant 列 pneumonia emphysema 不 atelectasis bronchiectasis 88 列淋 lymphoma NK / T 淋 EB 聯 T 淋 B 淋 B CD20 T CD3 淋淋淋 lymphoblastic lymphoma 濾淋 follicular lymphoma 89 69 女 1 T11 列見 hypercalcemia 沈降率 erythrocyte sedimentation rate plasma cell leukemia 類沈 amyloidosis

8 8 90 58 女 iron 力 total iron-binding capacity, TIBC 兩 ferritin 列 B 12 91 69 列類見 Fibromuscular dysplasia Takayasu arteritis Polyarteritis nodosa Atherosclerosis 92 列塞 embolic complications 鱗狀 squamous cell 93 不良 angiodysplasia 年 60 見 cecum 見異 94 4 8 理惡列異 N-myc 異 p53 狀 c-myc RB 95 68 2 年 1 切了列輻切 X γ 96 37 HIV 數 6 cytomegalovirus EB Epstein-Barr virus 類 human herpesvirus 8 類 HIV-1 97 列 lysogenic bacteriophage 粒 plasmid 數金 98 50 塞 creatine kinase CK 列 CK CK 率 99 理塞 α 1 α 1 -antitrypsin Charcot-Leyden crystal 100 40 切理見 1 粒列類 carcinoid tumor 惡淋 malignant lymphoma metastatic adenocarcinoma xanthoma