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1 理 CN9725 糖 行 97 年 年 玲 98 年 2 28

2 糖 廉 玲 理 不 女老 糖 料 裡 料 糖 料 罹 X, metabolic syndrome 狀 異 力 oxidative stress 糖 料 了 糖 30% sucrose 糖 250 Wistar (control group, C) 糖 (30% sucrose water group, S) 糖 (pair-fed sucrose group, SP) 8 C S 料 (ad libitum) AIN-93G 料 離 7 TBARS 糖 降 料 量 65% 量 類 例 糖 retroperitoneal fat 量 p<0.05 糖 料 量 55% 兩 60%p<0.05 糖 7 TG C SP p<0.05 糖 量降 α- 量 α-/tg 率 糖 降 GSH 量 異 糖 不 TBARS GSH 量 降 α- 度 p<0.05 catalasesod GPx 不 糖 糖 TBARS 粒 aconitase catalase 量 western blot 論 糖 TG 量 量 糖 糖 6 惡 E 狀 不 降 TBARS catalase 量 了 糖 力 糖 料 例 例 60% 糖 糖 類 metabolic syndrome 狀 (hyperinsulinemia) (hyperlipidemia) (hypertension) 糖 糖尿 糖 糖 不 力 (oxidative stress) 論 糖 糖 力 (Bar-On & Stein, 1968; Reed et al., 2000) 糖 力 (oxidative stress) Faure 1997 利 2 Wistar 糖 料 6 TG 不 E TBARS GSSG/GSH 率 量 降 度不 Cu,Zn-SOD 降了 33%Se-GPx 不 糖 力 20 E 降 TBARS GSSG/GSH 率 復 Cu,Zn- SOD 不 TG E 力 降 力 力 Cavarape 2001 Wistar g 糖 fructose 料 糖 例 量 60% 2 糖 mrna 量 異 降 catalase mrna Cu,Zn-SOD mrna 降 異 料 糖 利 率 SODGPx catalase O Dell, B. L. 1993

3 Busserolles 3 離 Wistar 糖 料 2 尿 TBARS E 降 異 NOx nitrite+nitrate 量 度 降 量 Cu,Zn-SOD 降 mrna 量 Mn-SOD 粒 GPx catalase mrna 不 度 降 度不 Busserolles et al., 2002a, b 糖 兩 力 Busserolles et al., 2002c Cu, Zn-SOD 降 力 糖 力 biosensercu, Zn-SOD 兩 Cu ZnCu Zn coactive or cocatalytic role Cu,Zn-SOD 降 不 量 post-translational level Cu,Zn-SOD 狀 Taylor et al., 1988Chung et al., 1988 H 2 O 2 Cu, Zn-SOD Zn 降 superoxide 力 histidine ligand Cu 降 Sampson and Beckman, 2001 Cu Lynch and Colón,2006 糖 力 Cu,Zn-SOD mrna C/EBPα (Kim et al., 1997) 力 Cu,Zn-SOD 錄 mrna 量 量 降 糖 pro-oxidant 力 oxidative stress 不 McDonald, 1995 降 量 力 Reactive oxygen speices, ROS 力 oxidative stress 糖類 糖 量來 糖類 量 力 糖 了 量 量 降 了 力 糖 料 了 糖 30% sucrose 糖 料 1. 行 250 Wistar 3 (control group, C) 糖 (30% sucrose water group, S) 糖 (pair-fed sucrose group, SP) 8 C S 料 (ad libitum) 糖 量來 糖 料 量 降 了糖 SP 量 糖 離 S 糖 or 量降 AIN-93G 料 離 不 行 CO 2 行 行 fractionation TG 量 RANDOX, Antrim, UK 量 E 0.1 ml 2 ml ( 1% pyrogallol)0.1 ml HCL 6 ml (n-hexane) 烈 5 離 Hexane 5 ml 行冷 200 µl 留 HPLC 量 2EGSH 量 (Superoxide dismutasecu,zn-sod)floheotting, 1984 (Catalase)Aebi, H., 1984 (Glutathione peroxidasegpx)pagliavalentine, TBARSMDA (malondialdehyde) 1MDA2TBA(thiobarbituric acid)tbarsthiobarbituric acid reactive substancetbars 量來 度 TMP1,1,3,3-tetramethoxypropane MDA 度

4 4 western blot 行 量 5 ± Mean ± SD 數 Duncan s Multiple Range test 來 立 異 p 0.05 Pearson correlation SAS 行 論 狀 12 量 1 糖 狀 力 異狀 料 量 降 65% 量 類 兩 異 糖 SP 料 量 55% 暴 不 7 兩 60%p<0.05 量 量 2 了 例 糖 量 糖 retroperitoneal fat 量 35%p<0.05 量 33%p<0.05EP 糖 SP 了 量 兩 量 p<0.05sp 兩 60% 量 量 糖 不 狀 糖 量 例 lipogenesis 量 1 糖 量 量 料利 率 C S SP n Initial body weight (g/rat) 278 ± 7 a 278 ± 7 a 278 ± 7 a Final body weight (g/rat) 496 ± 40 a 504 ± 23 a 308 ± 59 b Total caloric intake (Kcal) 4487 ± 260 a 4750 ± 239 a 2492 ± 520 a Feed efficiency 19.1 ± 2.5 a 30.9 ± 5.0 a 3.5 ± 8.2 a 1. Each value represents Mean ±S.D. 2. Values not sharing the same superscript letters in the same horizontal row are significantly different from on another by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05) 3. Feed efficiency = Body weight gain (g) / Food intake (g)

5 2 糖 量 量 C S SP (g) n Liver 13.3 ± 2.1 a 14.3 ± 0.8 a 8.37 ± 2.46 b Kidney 3.26 ± 0.34 a 3.06 ± 0.34 a 2.21 ± 0.38 b Heart 1.29 ± 0.08 a 1.34 ± 0.09 a 0.86 ± 0.13 b Brain 1.80 ± 0.18 a 1.92 ± 0.09 a 1.85 ± 0.10 a epididylmal fat pad (EP) 11.4 ± 3.2 a 10.3 ± 1.6 a 2.96 ± 2.11 b retroperitoneal fat (RE) 12.7 ± 2.2 b 17.2 ± 4.3 a 2.7 ± 2.0 c WAT# 24.1 ± 4.8 a 27.5 ± 4.8 a 6.0 ± 4.0 b Relative tissue weight (%) tissue weight (g) / body weight (g) Liver 2.74 ± 0.27 a 2.92 ± 0.12 a 2.78 ± 0.34 a Kidney 0.68 ± 0.05 b 0.62 ± 0.06 c 0.75 ± 0.03 a Heart 0.27 ± 0.01 b 0.27 ± 0.02 b 0.29 ± 0.02 a Brain 0.37 ± 0.04 b 0.39 ± 0.03 b 0.64 ± 0.13 a epididylmal fat pad (EP) 2.33 ± 0.47 a 2.09 ± 0.26 a 0.93 ± 0.52 b retroperitoneal fat (RE) 2.64 ± 0.42 b 3.5 ± 0.81 a 0.81 ± 0.51 c WAT# 4.98 ± 0.69 a 5.59 ± 0.84 a 1.84 ± 0.97 b 1. Each value represents Mean ±S.D. 2. Values not sharing the same superscript letters in the same horizontal row are significantly different from on another by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05) 3. #White adipose tissue, WATepididylmal fat padretroperitoneal fat 3 度 異 度 糖 4 兩 7 64% (p<0.05) 度 糖 量降 Eα- 度 兩 α-/tg 糖 E 糖 不 GSH 異 catalasesodgpx 不 糖

6 3 糖 C S SP n Hemoglobin (mmol/l) 16.7 ± 1.7 a 16.6 ± 1.2 a 16.3 ± 2.7 a Serum RBC TG (mmol/l) 1.07 ± 0.31 b 1.75 ± 0.34 a 0.80 ± 0.23 b α-tocopherol (µmol/l) 11.3 ± 3.6 a 7.7 ± 2.0 b 6.5 ± 3.4 b α-tocopherol/tg ratio (µmol/mmol) 10.9 ± 3.6 a 4.5 ± 1.4 b 8.4 ± 3.3 a GSH (mmol/l) 0.64 ± 0.13 a 0.61 ± 0.11 a 0.64 ± 0.17 a Alkaline phosphatase activity (U/L) 60.0 ± 6.4 a 63.1 ± 11.9 a 72.1 ± 16.7 a Catalase activity (k/µmol Hb) 1.25 ± 0.91 a 1.08 ± 0.35 a 1.28 ± 0.70 a SOD activity (unit/µmol Hb) 67.4 ± 11.1 a 66.6 ±7.2 a 71.4 ± 10.9 a Glutathione peroxidase activity (unit/µmol Hb) 2.55 ± 0.22 a 2.53 ± 0.35 a 2.49 ± 0.34 a 1. Each value represents Mean ±S.D. 2. Values not sharing the same superscript letters in the same horizontal row are significantly different from on another by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05) 4 糖 不 TBARSGSH 量 降 α- 度 p<0.05catalasesodgpx 不 糖 糖 TBARS 粒 aconitase catalase 量 western blot 降 老 理論 理論 了 例 老.. 歩 4 糖 TBARS C S SP n TBARS (µmol/g liver) 24.1 ± 3.6 a 22.1 ± 2.0 ab 18.8 ± 4.8 b Mitochondrial aconitase acitivity (unit/mg mitochondrial protein) 5.99 ± 3.2 a 4.46 ± 1.8 ab 3.52 ± 1.1 b Antioxidative molecular GSH (mmol/g liver) 3.53 ± 1.10 a 3.73 ± 0.69 a 4.01 ± 0.52 a α-tocopherol (µmol/ g liver) 15.0 ± 3.4 a 11.6 ± 1.8 b 8.1 ± 1.7 c Antioxidative enzyme Catalase activity (k/µmol Hb) 0.67 ± 0.13 b 0.67 ± 0.11 b 0.87 ± 0.11 a Catalase protein abundance (catalase/β-actin) 1.42 ± 0.38 ab 1.18 ± 0.35 b 1.98 ± 0.83 a SOD activity (unit/µmol Hb) 17.1 ± 2.4 a 17.8 ± 2.1 a 18.1 ±2.1 a Glutathione peroxidase activity (unit/µmol Hb) 0.64 ± 0.10 a 0.67 ± 0.10 a 0.67 ± 0.03 a

7 1. Each value represents Mean ±S.D. 2. Values not sharing the same superscript letters in the same horizontal row are significantly different from one another by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (p<0.05) 論糖 TG 量 量 糖 糖 6 惡 E 狀 不 降 TBARS catalase 量 了 理 年度 CN9725 利 老 參 Aebi, H. (1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 3: Academic Press, New York. Bar-On, H. and Stein, Y. (1968) Effect of glucose and fructose administration on lipid metabolism in the rat. J. Nutr. 94: Belay, A., Ota, Y., Miyakawa, K., Shimamatsu, H.1993Current knowledge on potential health benefits of Spirulina. J. Appl. Phycol. 5: Busserolles, J., Rock, E., Gueux, E. Mazur, A., Grolier, P. and Rayssiguier, Y. (2002a) Short-term consumption of a high-sucrose diet has a pro-oxidant effect in rats. Br. J. Nutr. 87 : Busserolles, J., Zimowska, W., Rock, E., Rayssiguier, Y. and Mazur, A. (2002b) Rats fed a high sucrose diet have altered heart antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression. Life Sci. 71: Busserolles, J., Mazur, A., Gueux, E., Rock, E. and Rayssiguier, Y. (2002c) Metabolic syndrome in the rat: females are protected against the pro-oxidant effect of a high sucrose diet. Exp. Biol. Med. 227: Cavarape, A., Feletto, F., Mercuri, F., Quagliaro, L. and Damante, G. (2001) High-fructose diet decrease catalase mrna levels in rat tissues. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 24: Chung, K., Romero, N., Tinker, K., Keen, C. L., Amemiya, K. and Rucker, R. (1988) Role of copper in the regulation and accumulation of superoxide dismutase and metallothionein in rat liver. J. Nutr. 118 : Faure, P., Rossini, E., Lafond, J. L., Richard, M. J., Favier, A. and Halimi, S. (1997) Vitamin E improves the free radical defense system potential and insulin sensitivity of rats fed high fructose diets. J. Nutr. 127: Flohe, L. and Otting, F. (1984) Superoxide dismutase assays. Methods Enzymol. 105: Kim, Y. H., Yoo, H. Y., Chang, M. S., Jung, G. and Rho, H. M. (1997) C/EBP alpha is a major activator for the transcription of rat Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene in liver cell. FEBS Lett. 401: Lynch, S. M. and Colón, W. (2006) Dominant role of copper in the kinetic stability of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 340 : McDonald, R. B. (1995) Influence of dietary sucrose on biological aging. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 128 : O'Dell, B. L. (1993) Fructose and mineral metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 58(5 Suppl): 771S-778S. Paglia, D. E. and Valentine, W. N. (1967) Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 70: Reed, M. J., Meszaros, K., Entes, L. J., Claypool, M. D., Pinkett, J. G., Gadbois, T. M. and Reaven, G. M. (2000) A new rat model of type 2 diabetes: the fat-fed, streptozotocin-treated rat. Metabolism 49: Rose, I. A. and O Connell, E. L. (1967) Mechanism of aconitase action. I. The hydrogen transfer reaction. J. Biol. Chem. 242: Sampson, J. B. and Beckman, J. S. (2001) Hydrogen peroxide damages the zinc-binging site of zinc-deficient Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase. Arch. Biochem. Biophy. 392 : 8-13.

8 Schosinsky, K. H., Lehmann, H. P. and Beeler, M. F. (1974) Measurement of Ceruloplasmin from Its Oxidase Activity in Serum by Use of o-dianisdine Dihydrochloride. Clin. Chem. 20: Taylor, C. G, Bettger, W. J., Bray, T. M. (1988) Effect of dietary zinc or copper deficiency on the primary free radical defense system in rats. J. Nutr. 118: