Taxonomical Classification and Genesis of Yongheung Series in Jeju Island Kwan-Cheol Song, * Byung-Geun Hyun, Kyung-Hwan Moon 1, Seung-Jong Jeon 1, and Han-Cheol Lim 1 National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707 1 Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, RDA, Jeju 690 This study was conducted to reclassify Yongheung series based on the second edition of Soil Taxonomy and to discuss the formation of Yongheung series in Jeju Island. Morphological properties of typifying pedon of Yongheung series were investigated and physico-chemical properties were analyzed according to Soil Survey Laboratory Methods Manual. The typifying pedon contains 3.2~3.4% oxalate extractable (Al + 1/2 Fe), less than 85% phosphate retention, and higher bulk density than 0.90 Mg m -3. That can not be classified as Andisol. But it has an argillic horizon from a depth of 15 to 150 cm and a base saturation (sum of cations) of less than 35% at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Ultisol, not as Andisol or Alfisol. The typifying pedon has 0.9 % or more organic carbon in the upper 15 cm of the argillic horizon and accordingly, can be classified as Humult. It has a clay distribution in which the percentage of clay does not decrese from its maximum amount by 20% or more within a depth of 150 cm from the mineral soil surface, and keys out as Palehumult. Also that meets the requirements of Typic Palehumult. That has 35 % or more clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Yongheung series can be classified as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Palehumults, not as fine, mixed, thermic family of Typic Hapludalfs. Most soils distributed in the southern coastal areas in Jeju island which have a humid climate are developed as Andisols. But Yongheung series distributed in this areas and derived from mainly trachyte, trachytic andesite, and volcanic ash are developed as Ultisols. Key words: Argillic horizons, Base saturation(sum of cations), Typic Palehumults, Yongheung series
Fig. 1. The typifying pedon of Yongheung series.
Table 1. Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon. 130 Horizon Ap BAt Bt1 Bt2 Bt3 Bt4 C Clay LT.002 Total Clay Silt Sand Silt.002 -.05 Sand.05-2 Fine LT.0002 Coarse LT.002 Fine.002 -.02 Coarse.02 -.05 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Pct of < 2mm (3A1) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 38.8 59.7 59.3 52.4 52.1 58.3 34.1 50.5 33.8 33.5 35.8 38.0 31.9 61.8 10.7 6.5 7.2 11.8 9.9 9.8 4.1 VF.05 -.10 3.1 2.4 3.3 5.1 4.0 4.4 1.0 F.10 -.25 2.5 1.8 2.1 4.5 2.7 2.9 1.1 M.25 -.50 1.9 0.9 0.9 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.1 C.5-1 2.4 0.8 0.6 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.9 VC 1-2 0.8 0.7 0.4 2-5 Coarse Fractions(mm) 5-20 Weight 20-75.1-75 2mm Wt Pct of Whole Orgn C 6A1c Total N P Ret. Total S Fe 6C2b Dith -Cit Extractable Al 6G7a Pct of < 75mm (3B1) Soil ---------------------------------- Pct of < 2mm ---------------------------------- 6B3a 6S3 6R3a Mn 6D2a 130 2.13 1.43 0.93 9 1 0.47 2 72.7 82.0 84.5 5.62 6.26 6.11 0.84 1.03 1.04 130 CEC 8D1 0.61 0.29 0.28 1 1 1 0.56 Ratio/Clay 1500 8D1 Atterberg Limits LL 4P PI 4P Field Moist 4A3a Bulk Density 33 4A1d Oven Dry 4A1h COLE Whole Soil 4D1 Field Moist 4B4 Water Content 10 4B1c 33 4B1c 1500 4B2a WRD Whole Soil 4C1 Pct < 0.4mm ----------- g/cc ----------- cm/cm ----------- Pct of < 2mm ----------- cm/cm 1.21 1.42 1.29 1.33 1.29 1.30 27.1 23.4 36.1 38.6 42.9 39.4 33.9 30.2 33.0 37.5 41.5 41.3 47.1 29.2 27.7 30.4 35.0 38.0 36.7 41.0 Ca 5B5a 6N2e NH4OAc Extractable Bases Mg 5B5a 6O2d K 5B5a 6Q2b Na 5B5a 6P2b Sum Bases Acid- Extr CEC Al ity 6H5a Sum Cats 5A3a NH4- OAc 5A8b Bases + Al 5A3b ---------------------------------------------------------------- meq / 100g ---------------------------------------------------------------- Pct Al 6G9a Sat 5G1 130 1.1 0.5 3.8 4.5 4.9 4.2 0.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.5 3 6 1.48 1.23 0.65 0.43 0.51 0.2 0.2 1.9 1.3 7.6 7.6 7.8 6.8 8.5 40.0 32.5 21.5 18.0 18.0 23.5 22.5 4.7 4.1 0.2 0 0 0 41.9 33.8 29.1 25.6 25.8 3 31.0 23.6 17.1 16.9 16.1 15.9 17.9 19.2 6.6 7.8 7.6 7.8 6.9 8.5 71.2 75.9 12.6 10 10 11.4 10
Table 1. Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon. Base Sat CO3 as Res Cond ph Acid Oxalate Extraction Sum NH4- OAc CaCO3 <2mm NaF KCl CaCl2.01M H2O Opt Den Al Fe 5C3 5C1 6E1g 8E1 8I 8C1d 8C1f 8C1f 8J 6G12 6C9a Si 6V2 ---------- Pct ---------- ohms/cm ds/m 1:1 1:2 1:1 -------- Pct of < 2mm -------- 130 4.6 3.7 26.1 29.8 3 22.5 27.4 8.2 7.4 44.9 47.4 48.7 38.2 44.3 0.7 0.5 0.5 9.5 9.7 9.7 3.3 3.5 4.3 5.0 5.1 4.5 4.9 3.8 3.9 4.8 5.3 4.9 5.3 4.2 4.0 5.1 5.5 5.0 1.63 1.91 1.88 3.44 2.49 2.82 0.41 0.66 0.60
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