S. aureus 285 9 20,,,. E. coli 078, K. oxytoca 1082E, S. aureus 285, S. aureus 503, E. coli ATCC25922, E. coli 078, E. coli 1507E, S. typhimurium, K. oxytoca 1082E, E. cloacae P99, E. cloacae 1321E. S. pyogens 77A, S. aureus 285, S. aureus 503, E. faecalis ATCC 29212, E.coli ATCC25922, E. coli 078, E. coli 1507E, S. typhimurium, K. oxytoca 1082E, E. cloacae P99, E. cloacae 1321E. S. aureus 285, E.faecalis ATCC 29212, E. coli 078, S. typhimurium, E. cloacae P99, E. cloacae 1321E.
Fresh matter production estimated about 3,800kg/10a and dry matter was 770kg. Production cost was about 832,000won, crude income estimated 3,102,500won. Pure incomes of Artemisia culture was 2,270,500won/10a. For mass production we must development on the culture manual for Artemisia and study on the mechanical planting, harvesting, drying and storage system in future.
1. Comparative analysis of essential oils in Artemisia spp. Extraction yields of essential oil from Artemisia include Artemisia spp. (Ganghwa Sajabalssuk), Artemisia argyi (Hwanghaessuk), Artemisia capillaris (Injinssuk) were 1.40%, 0.45%, and 0.50%, respectively. Essential oil of Artemisia spp. contains more than 65 compounds, and major components were cineole, tricylene, a-trepinen-4-ol, cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol using a GC-MS analysis. Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia princeps' leaves in the shade for one, and two years were 0.5%, and 0.8%, respectively. Major components of dried Artemisia princepsfor 1 year were trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, cis-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol, cineol, borneol, a-trepinen-4-ol, farnesene, caryophyllen oxide. After dried leaves for two years in the shade, volatile components were evaporated, and detected components were cineol, trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene -1-ol, and borneol as major components. Essential oil of Artemisia argyi contains more than 96 compounds. Using a GC-MS analysis, essential oils were identified cineol, b-myrcene, thujone, camphor, borneol, caryophyllene, muurolene, logniverbenone as major components, and camphene, p-cymene, 3-thujanone, a-terpinene-4-ol, cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cyclohexene-1-ol as minor components. Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia argyi's leaves in the shade for one, and twoyears were 1.2%, and 0.4%, respectively. Major components of dried Artemisia argyi for one year dried leaveswere logniverbenone, 2,5,5-trimethyl-2,6-heptadiene-4-one. Essential oils from two years dried leaves were logniverbenone, 3-thujanone, borneol, p-cymene as major components. Essential oil of Artemisia capillaris contains more than 60 compounds, and major components were thujone, cineole, 3-thujanone, b-cymene,
caryophyllene oxide, logniverbenone. Extraction yields of essential oil from dried Artemisia capillaries' leaves in the shade for one, and two years were 0.4, and 0.27%, respectively. Major components were thujone, cineole, longiverbenone for one year dried Artemisia capillaries' leaves in the shade, and were cineole, eucarvone, caryophyllene oxide for two years dried leaves. Major components of essential oils were cineol 81%, thujone 9.36%, camphor 2.16%, and borneol 1.2% from Asanmanyakssuk, thujone, cineole, a-myrcene, and camphor from Dowonyakssuk, artemisia 73.3%, cineole 13%, and camphor 0.24% from Chunanyakssuk, cineole, linalool, camphor from Namyankyakssuk, cineole, farnesene, and boreneol from Yeojuyakssuk, bornyl acetate 11.8%, cineol, and borneol from Jinbuyakssuk, thujone 82.64%, cineole, a-terpinene-4-ol, and p-cymene from Ganghwayakssuk, cineole, b-pinene, and borneol from Daekwanryengyakssuk, and a-pinene, cineole, and borneole from Chamssuk. Extraction yields of essential oil from native herbs include Angelica koreana, Ligusticum officinale, Anethum graveolens, Thymus quinquecostatus, Ruta graveoleus, Dendranthema indicum were 0.434, 0.196, 0.266, 0.232, 0.142, and 0.800%, respectively. 2. Antibacterial and antioxidant effects of essential oils from native herbs and Artemisia spp. Artemisia spp.(sajabalssuk) had shown strong sings of antibacterial activities for causes of dental caries, which are infected by Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. Artemisia argyi which was dried for 2 years in dark place, inhibited to grow S sanguis. Artemisia capillaries reduced activity of S sanguis. Essential oils from variety of herbs were examined the antibacterial activity using E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, etc. Antibacterial activity results were as follow; -Essential oil of Agastache rugosa had shown best antibacterial activity. -In general, basils were shown high value of antibiosis, especially E. coli,
S. aureus. -Essential oils of basil were good antibacterial activity; therefore it may develop pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. Testing of antibacterial activities using 1:100 diluted essential oils, results showed that lavender and rose geranium had good activity against S. aureus, rose geranium and rosemary had good activity against S. epidermidis and E. coli. Considering the yield of essential oil from herbs and antibacterial activity, rosemary essential oil may develop alternative medicine products. Artemisia spp.(sajabalssuk) essential oil was tested antibacterial activity using variety of gram negative and positive bacteria. 1:5 diluted essential oil of Artemisia spp.(sajabalssuk) showed good activity against Staphylococcus aureus 503 and S. aureus285 among the gram positive bacteria, and E. coli 078, E. coli TEM, E. coli 1507E, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, and Enterobacter cloacae1321e among the gram negative bacteria. Artemisia capillaris, Ganghwayakssuk, and Namyankyakssuk showed better antibacterial activities among the 9 Artemisia. Basil showed good antioxidant activities, especially sweet basil. Ganghwayakssuk, Namyankyakssuk, and Asanmanyakssuk had excellent a,a-diphenyl-b-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging effects. Using floral waters from variety of Artemisia, which is bottom layer from steam distillation for essential oils extraction, seed germination study were performed with Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus L. 3. Development of cosmetic, dental, and pharmaceutical products using essential oils from native herbs and Artemisia spp. Based on native herbs' and Artemisia's scientific data, we have developed several products such as soap, shampoo, conditioner, body wash, etc. These contain essential oils from Artemisia spp.(ganghwa Sajabalssuk).
Rooting percentag 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 Attached leaf number
100% 87.50% Rooting percentage(%) 75% 50% 25% 66.50% 58.90% 0% Apical stem Laternal stem M iddle part of stem Rooting percentage(%) 100% 75% 50% 25% 97.50% 81.30% 75% 58% Rootone non treated 83.50% 34.30% 0% Apical stem Lateral stem Middle part of stem
100% Rooting percentage(%) 75% 50% 25% 64.50% 64.70% 73.70% 81% 0% T+P Verrmiculite Soil Sand
50 40 Cineol+Terpineol 30 (%) 20 10 0 cont. Compost A Compost B Fertilizer A Fertilizer B Oil cake Cineol+Terpineol sesame A Oil cake sesame B
1 14 15 2 3 7 9 10 11 6 10 12 4 8 13 5 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 Coefficient
Weight loss (%) 100 80 60 40 1 PE box PP bag Dou bag PE bag Fun bag Ne t 20 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Days in storage Weight loss(%) 100 80 60 40 20 5 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Ne t 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Days in storage Weight loss(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 10 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Ne t 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Day s in storage Weight loss(%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 Room temp PE box PP bag Dou bag 0 2 4 6 Day s in storage PE bag Fun bag Ne t
Visual quality 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Day s in storage Visual quality 5 4 3 2 1 0 5 PE box PP bag Dou bag 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Days in storage PE bag Fun bag Net Visual quality 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net 0 2 4 6 8 Day s in storage Visual quality 5 3 1-1 Room temp PE box PP bag Dou bag 0 2 4 Days in storage PE bag Fun bag Net
5 days after storage Chlorophyll content (mg/gfw) 6 4 2 0 Before storage 1 5 10 Roomtemp PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net bag MAP
Vitmamin contents (mg/100g fresh wt.) 50 40 30 20 10 0 1 Cont PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag 0 days 5 days 10 days 15days 20days Days in storage Vitamin C cont (mg/100g fres wt) 60 40 20 0 5 Cont PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag 0 days 5 days 10 days 15days Days in storage Vitamin C cont.(mg/100g fres wt) 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 Cont PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag 0 days 5 days 10 days Days in storage
Phosphate cont (mg/kg) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net 0 5 10 15 20 Days in storage Phosphate cont (mg/lg-1) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 5 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net 0 5 10 15 20 Days in storage Phosphate cont (mg/kg-1) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 10 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag Net 0 5 10 Days in storage
After 5 days PE box PE bag PP bag 800 Fun bag Dou bag Mineral cont. (mg/kg) 600 400 200 0 T-N K Ca T-N K Ca T-N K Ca T-N K Ca 0 1 5 10 Temperature( ) After 5 days PE box PE bag PP bag 40 Fun bag Dou bag Meneral cont. (mg/kg) 20 0 Mg Na Mg Na Mg Na Mg Na before treatment 1 5 10 Temperature
Carbon dioxide cont.(%) 8 6 4 2 0 1 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 Days in storage Carbon dioxide cont (%) 8 6 4 2 0 5 PE box PE bag PP bag Fun bag Dou bag 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Days in storage Carbon dioxide cont (%) 10 8 6 4 2 0 10 PE box PE bag PP bag 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Days in storage Carbon dioxide cont. (%) 15 10 5 Roomtemp. PE box PP bag Dou bag PE bag Fun bag 0 0 2 4 6 Days in storage
Water content. (%) 120 100 80 60 40 Shady sun dry Dry oven (50 ) Dry oven (70 ) 20 0 Fresh 3day 6day 9day 12day 15day Water content. (%) 120 100 80 60 40 Shady sun dry by microwave 5min. Shady sun dry by microwave 10min. Shady sun dry by microwave 20min. 20 0 Fresh After tret. 3day 6day 9day 12day 15day
Plant height. (cm) 25 20 15 10 5 0 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Planting 1 week 2 week 3 week Periods Leaf width. (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Planting 1 week 2 week 3 week Periods
Leaf number (ea) 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Planting 1 week 2 week 3 week Periods
25 20 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Plant height. (cm) 15 10 5 0 Planting 1 w eek 2 w eek 3 w eek Periods
Leaf width. (cm) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Planting 1 week 2 week 3 week Periods Leaf number (ea) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cont. KNO3 C 2000 C 4000 A 2000 A 4000 A 6000 Planting 1 week 2 week 3 week Periods
CONT 5 μl oil 10 μl oil 20 μl oil 50 μl oil 50 μl res. 100 μl res. 500 μl res. 1000 μl res. Germination ratio (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1day 2day 3day 4day 5day 6day Day after seeding
Germination ratio (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 CONT 5 μl oil 10 μl oil 20 μl oil 50 μl oil 100 μl res 500 μl res 1000 μl res 1day 2day 3day 4day 5day 6day Day after seeding
45 40 35 Romain Endive Root length. (mm) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Cont. 5 μl oil 10 μl oil 20 μl oil 50 μl oil 50 μl res. 100 μl res. 500 μl res. 1000 μl res.
z oil(g)/matter(g) 100
f g h i j k
a-pinene 3-carene a-terpinene p-cymene cineo r-terpinene Artemisia ketone thujone a-terpinen-4-ol a-terpineol b-caryophyllene
a-pinene camphene b-pinene a-terpinene p-cymene limonene cineo r-terpinene camphor borneol a-terpinen-4-ol a-terpineol terpinyl acetate b-caryophyllene farnesene farnesene
a-pinene camphene b-pinene a-myrcene cineo linaool borneol b-caryophyllene
a-pinene b-pinene 3-carene p-cymene cineo r-terpinene Artemisia ketone a-terpinen-4-ol a-terpineol b-caryophyllene farnesene
a-pinene b-pinene a-myrcene p-cymene limonene cineo r-terpinene thujone a-terpinen-4-ol a-terpineol b-caryophyllene farnesene
limonene terpinyl acetate
Peak No. Components Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) dried for 1 year Retention time (min.) 1 Thujene 15.24-2 -Pinene 15.53-3 Camphene 16.08-4 Tricyclene 16.84-5 β-pinene 17.02-6 -Terpinene 18.24-7 ρ-cymene 18.51 22.5 8 Cineol 18.84 100.0 9 γ-terpinene 19.60 10.6 Relative abundance (%) 10 trans-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol 19.95 64.2 11 Terpinolen 20.58-12 cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol 20.95 33.2 13 Eucarvone 21.79-14 cis-sabinol 22.36-15 Camphor 22.46-16 Borneol 23.19 39.2 17 -Terpinen-4-ol 23.43 24.0 18 -Terpineol 23.81 31.2 19 Bornyl acetate 26.55-20 Eugenol 28.48 10.0 21 Caryophyllene 30.43-22 Farnesene 32.14 15.8 23 Hexadecane 34.11-24 Caryophyllene oxide 34.55 21.6 25 Azunol 36.51 -
Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) dried for 2 years Peak No. Components Retention time (min.) 1 Thujene 15.23-2 -Pinene 15.54-3 Camphene 16.08-4 β-pinene 17.02-5 α-terpinene 18.24-6 ρ-cymene 18.50-7 Cineol 18.78 100.0 8 γ-terpinene 19.60-9 trans-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol 19.91 22.6 10 Terpinolen 20.58-11 cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol 20.95-12 Thujone 21.16-13 Camphor 22.46-14 Borneol 23.18 11.0 15 -Terpinen-4-ol 23.43-16 -Terpineol 23.79-17 Eugenol 28.49-18 Caryophyllene 30.43-19 Farnesene 34.13-20 Caryophyllene oxide 34.54-21 Cubenol 35.04-22 Azunol 36.52-23 Dibutylphthatate a 42.12 - a Contaminants Relative abundance (%)
Peak No. Components Artemisia capillaris (Injinssuk) Fresh Dried for 1 year 1 Thujene - - - 2 α-pinene - - - 3 Camphene O - - 4 Tricyclene - - - 5 β-pinene O - - 6 β-myrcene O - - 7 α-terpinene O - - 8 ρ-cymene O O O 9 Cineole O O O Dried for 2 years 10 2,5,5-Trimethyl-2,6-heptadiene-4-o ne O O - 11 trans-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol - - - 12 Terpinolen - - - 13 cis-1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol O O - 14 Thujone O O - 15 3-Thujanone O O O 16 Camphor O O O 17 Borneol O - O 18 α-terpinen-4-ol O - - 19 Bornyl acetate O O - 20 Caryophyllene O O - 21 Muurolene O O - 22 Cadinene - - - 23 Caryophyllene oxide O O O 24 Longiverbenone O O O
Peak No. Components Artemisia capillaris (Injinssuk) dried for 1 year Retention time (min.) Relative abundance (%) 1 Camphene 16.08-2 α-myrcene 17.25-3 α-terpinene 18.24-4 ρ-cymene 18.50-5 Cineol 18.79 37.0 6 2,5,5-Trimethyl-2,6-heptadiene-4- one 19.54 60.5 7 Terpinolen 20.58-8 Thujone 21.16 16.0 9 3-Thujanone 21.50-10 Camphor 22.50 35.2 11 Borneol 23.17 20.2 12 α-terpinen-4-ol 23.43-13 Bornyl acetate 26.55-14 Caryophyllene 30.43 15.2 15 Muurolene 31.96 10.0 16 Cadinene 32.83-17 Caryophyllene oxide 34.55-18 Longiverbenone 36.12 100.0
Peak No. Components Artemisia capillaris(injinssuk) dried for 2 years Retention time (min.) Relative abundance(%) 1 Camphene 16.08-2 ρ-cymene 18.50-3 Cineol 18.79 23.0 4 2,5,5-Trimethyl-2,6-heptadiene-4 -one 19.58-5 Thujone 21.17-6 3-Thujanone 21.50-7 camphor 22.50 39.0 8 Borneol 23.18 31.2 9 α-terpinen-4-ol 23.43-10 Bornyl acetate 26.55-11 Caryophyllene 30.44-12 Cadinene 32.83-13 Caryophyllene oxide 34.55-14 Longiverbenone 36.13 100.0
Peak No. Components Fresh Artemisia argyi (Hwanghaessuk) Dried for Dried for 1 year 2 years 1 Thujone - - - 2 α-pinene - - - 3 Camphene - - - 4 Tricyclene O O - 5 β-pinene - - - 6 β-myrcene - - - 7 α-terpinene - - - 8 ρ-cymene - O O 9 Limonene O - - 10 Cineol O O O 11 γ-terpinene - - - 12 trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol - O O 13 Terpinolen O O - 14 cis-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol - - O 15 Thujone O O O 16 3-Thujanone O O - 17 cis-sabinol - O - 18 cis-verbenol - - - 19 Borneol - O O 20 α-terpinen-4-ol - - - 21 Bornyl acetate - - - 22 Eugenol - - - 23 Caryophyllene - - O 24 Hexadecane - - - 25 Caryophyllene oxide - O O 26 Longiverbenone O O - 27 Azunol - - - 28 Camphor - O - 29 Eucarvone - - O 30 Chbenol - - O 31 7-Ethyl-1,4-dimethyl-Azulene - - O
Peak No. Components Artemisia argyi (Hwanghaessuk) dried for 1 year Retention time (min.) 1 Thujene 15.22-2 α-pinene 15.23-3 Camphene 16.06-4 Tricyclene 16.81 20.4 5 β-pinene 17.02-6 β-myrcene 17.25-7 α-terpinene 18.24-8 ρ-cymene 18.50 13.0 9 Cineol 18.77 70.5 10 γ-terpinene 19.58 - Relative abundance (%) 11 trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol 19.92 19.2 12 terpinolen 20.58-13 cis-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol 20.94-14 Thujone 21.18 100.0 15 3-Thujanone 21.50 28.0 16 Eucarvone 21.78-17 cis-sabinol 22.26 28.2 18 Camphor 22.48 27.2 19 Borneol 23.16 17.5 20 α-terpinen-4-ol 23.43-21 -Terpineol 23.78-22 bornyl acetate 26.54-23 Eugenol 28.46-24 -Longipinene 28.59-25 caryophellene 30.42-26 Hexadecane 34.11-27 Caryophyllene oxide 34.53 14.4 28 Longiverbenone 36.14 44.2 29 Azunol 36.50 -
Peak No. Components Artemisia argyi (Hwanghaessuk) dried for 2 years Retention time (min.) 1 Thujene 15.24-2 α-pinene 15.52-3 Camphene 16.08-4 β-pinene 17.02-5 β-myrcene 17.25-6 α-terpinene 18.24-7 ρ-cymene 18.49 23.2 8 Cineol 18.79 100.0 9 γ-terpinene 19.58 - Relative abundance (%) 10 trans-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2- cyclohexen-1-ol 19.91 20.0 11 Terpinolen 20.58-12 cis-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-cy clohexen-1-ol 20.94 11.8 13 Thujone 21.18 12.8 14 3-Thujanone 21.50-15 Eucarvone 21.78 48.0 16 Camphor 22.48-17 Borneol 23.18 23.2 18 α-terpinen-4-ol 23.43-19 -Terpineol 23.79-20 Bornyl acetate 26.54-21 Eugenol 28.46-22 Caryophyllene 30.43 11.2 23 Caryophyllene oxide 34.55 42.2 24 Cubenol 35.04 24.2 25 7-Ethyl-1, 4-dimethyl-Azulene 37.89 23.8
1차항균력검색용그람음성균, 그람양성균 20 균주를사용하였다.. DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) 로 1:5, 1:10, 1:102, 1:103, 1:104, 1:105, 1:106 으로희석하여준비하였다. NCCLS (National Committee of Clinical Laboratory Standards) 의방법에따라디스크확산법을변형한 overlay실험을수행하였다. Muller-Hinton 평판배지와 5 % Sheep blood를첨가한 Trypticase 평판배지 (Streptoccus) 에 Macfarland 0.5의탁도로부유시킨세균을도말한후에희석한시료를각각 10μl씩떨어뜨린다. 시료가배지에스며들면 37 에서하룻밤배양한후시료에의한세균의억제를관찰하였다. 음성대조로 를희석시킨 DMSO를사용하였다.
10μl. 시험균주는 1차항균력검색용그람음성균, 그람양성균 20 균주를 사용하였다.
z Anti-microbial activity ; +: low, ++ : medium, +++ : high See Table 58. See Table 58.
E. coli S. aureus S. epidermis
S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) Geranium Artemisia spp. + geranium
S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) Lemongrass Artemisia spp. + Lemongrass S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) Cypress Artemisia spp. +cypress
S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) Chamomile Roman Artemisia spp. +Chamomile Roman S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp (Sajabalssuk) Mellisa Artemisia spp +Mellisa
S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk) Camomile blue Artemisia spp. +Camomile blue S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp (Sajabalssuk) Tea tree Artemisia spp +Tea tree
S.aureus P.aeruginosa C.albicans Artemisia spp (Sajabalssuk) Bergamot Artemisia spp +Bergamot 사자발쑥정유의항균실험을그람양성균및그람음성균을 20종선별하여실시하였다. 각균주특성을보면 E. coli는통성호기성균으로건강인의장내정상균총이며, 다양한장관계질환을일으키는균이다. S. epidermis는일반적으로피부나점막에있으며, 심장내막염이나균혈증, 부상감염및 UTIs를일으키는원인으로그램양성구균이다. Candida albicans는인간에게기회주의감염과질감염을일으키는곰팡이의일종으로, 입이나위장에분포하는정상균총이며, 면역력이약해진사람에게병원관련감염을일으킨다. Pseudomonas aeruginosa는그램음성균이고운동성이있으며, 패혈증이나요로감염, 폐염과만성폐감염, 심장내막염과피부염등의질병을일으킨다. Streptococcus pyogenes는연쇄상구균으로그램양성균이고비운동성인 nonsporeforming 구균이며, 호흡기관에서인두염또는편도선염이나부비강염, otitis 및폐염을일으키고피부감염으로농피증을일으킨다. Staphylococcus aureus는포도상구균이며그램양성인둥근박테리아로비운동성이고, nonsporeforming로포자를형성하지않는다. 비강이나피부및점막에서정상균총으며, 다양한화농성감염과다래끼및절종증과같은표면피부장애를일으키는원인이된다. Enterococcus faecalis는그램양성구균이며, 기
능적으로혐기성이고균의배열은짧은사슬모양이다. 장이나여성생식기에서주로발견되는정상균총으로, 상처가났을때감염을일으킨다. Salmonella typhimurium는살모넬라식중독을일으키는박테리아로, 감염된대부분의사람은설사, 발열및복통을일으키며병은보통 4~7일지속된다. Enterbacter cloacae는물, 하수, 오물, 토양, 고기, 병원환경에서발견되고, 피부와장에있는정상균총으로, 그램음성이며기능적으로혐기성이고 rod-shaped 박테리아의종으로근성편모가있다. 항균성실험결과억제환의크기는평균값으로표기하였는데, 1:5와 1:10으로희석한정유를사용하였을때억제환을확인할수있었다 (Table 76, Fig. 76). 1:5로희석한정유의경우그람양성균중에는 Staphylococcus aureus 503와 Staphyloccus aureus 285에대한항균력이가장좋았고, 그람음성균은 Escherichia coli 078, Escherichia coli TEM, Escherichia coli 1507E, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027, Enterodacter cloacae 1321E에대한항균력이우수하였다. 1:10으로사자발쑥정유를희석한경우 1:5희석정유에비해억제환의크기가작게나타났다. 9 20. 1:5, Table 77. (Fig. 77). 9,,,. Escherichia coli 078, Klebsiella oxytoca 1082E, Staphyloccus aureus 285, Staphyloccus aureus 503, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Escherichia coli 078, Escherichia coli 1507E, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella oxytoca 1082E, Enterobacter cloacae P99, Enterobacter cloacae 1321E. Streptoccus pyogens 77A, Staphyloccus aureus 285, Staphyloccus aureus 503, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Escherichia coli 078, Escherichia coli 1507E, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella oxytoca 1082E, Enterobacter cloacae P99, Enterobacter cloacae 1321E
. Staphyloccus aureus 285, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli 078, Salmonella typhimurium, Enterobacter cloacae P99, Enterobacter cloacae 1321E.
1:5 z 1:10 1:10 2 1:10 3 1:10 4 1:10 5 1:10 6 Blan k Enterobacter cloacae 1321E 12
Fig. 76. Anti-microbial activity test of essential oil from Artemisia spp. (Sajabalssuk).
No. Strain Name 1 a 2 b 3 c 4 d 5 e 6 f 7 g 8 h 9 i 1 Streptoccus pyogens 308A 12 11 12 12 14 10 10 13 12 2 Streptoccus pyogens 77A 10 12 11 12 14 11 12 18 12 3 Staphyloccus aureus ATCC29213 5 11 11 0 8 6 0 0 6 4 Staphyloccus aureus 285 15 15 15 25 26 15 18 22 12 5 Staphyloccus aureus 503 20 14 15 23 20 10 8 16 12 6 Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 14 13 13 7 10 8 18 22 11 7 Escherichia coli ATCC25922 12 10 12 20 11 5 9 16 7 8 Escherichia coli 078 16 10 15 20 13 6 25 18 6 9 Escherichia coli DC0 10 7 8 8 6 6 10 8 5 10 Escherichia coli TEM 10 10 7 10 6 6 14 10 7 11 Escherichia coli 1507E 9 10 12 18 12 6 8 16 6 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 8 6 8 8 8 0 7 7 0 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1592E 6 6 0 6 6 0 8 8 0 14 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1771 6 0 0 0 6 0 6 7 0 15 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1771M 7 3 0 3 8 0 6 9 0 16 Salmonella typhimurium 15 13 14 20 13 5 20 20 8 17 Klebsiella oxytoca 1082E 18 10 11 18 10 6 15 20 6 18 Klebsiella oxytoca 1552E 10 8 6 7 6 0 8 7 0 19 Enterobacter cloacae P99 13 12 12 18 10 0 16 16 0 20 Enterobacter cloacae 1321E 15 10 12 20 10 5 15 16 0 a :Namyangyakssuk b :Jinbuyakssuk c :Ganghwayakssuk(narrow leaf) e :Chamssuk g :Jebissuk-1 f :Ganghwayakssuk h :Injinssuk i :Jebissuk-2 d :Nulvenyibyakssuk
Fig. 77.
DPPH-racical scavengi activity(%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Horsemint Redhorsemint Sajabalssuck Baekssuck Chamssuck Injinssuck(Dae-jeon) Herbs Gamguk Sanguk Bootson(leaf) Miyeokchui(jiksi) Basil(Dae-jeon) Dokkomari Chamchui DPPH-radical scavengi activity(%) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Injinssuck Sacheolssuck Jebissuck Mulssuck Sosayakssuk Asanmanyakssuk Dowonyakssuk Cheonanyakssuk Namyangyakssuk Yeojuyakssuk Jinbuyakssuk Seyeopganghwayakssuk Ganghwayakssuk Neolveunipyakssuk Daegwanryeongyakssuk Chamssuk(Dae-jeon) Chumssuk Herb
제품표준서 (Procedure) Product Name : 샴푸 결 재 기안심의확정 / / / 상온 배합기 작업공정 1 투입 (102% 적용 ) 작업공정 * 제조전청소상태확인 * Prepart 미리준비할것 * 교반조건 : 일반적교반조건 *rpm Homo사용시 *rpm 교반시작 Homo 교반 가열시작 Homo 교반 Homo 교반 * 확인 Homo 교반교반 냉각시작 * 이하확인 2 투입 # 찬물 5% 로세척 3 투입 찬물로세척 4~6 투입, 뜨거운물로세척 7~10 투입뜨거운물세척 14~17 투입 22~24 투입 11~13 투입 Prepart 18 투입후교반시 * 제조방법 1) 처방함량보다 *% 적은정제수투입 2) 교반시작 3) 2투입후찬물 *% 세척 4) Home * 분간교반 (*rpm), 가열시작 5) 3투입후 Homo* 분간교반, 찬물 *% 로세 6) 4~6투입후세척수 *% 로세척 7) Homo * 분교반 (*rpm) 6) * 확인후 7~10투입세척수 *% 로세척 7) * 유지하면서 Homo * 분, 교반 * 분 8) 냉각시작 11~13투입 9) * 분간교반 10) * 이하확인후 14~18투입 11) 미리준비된 Prepart 투입 12) 23~25투입 13) * 분간교반 14) 반제품규격확인 15) 규격이 Spac. 내에들어오면제조종료 ****** 주의사항 ******* 1. Prepart 부분은제품제조시작과동시에준비할것 2. Prepart의 L-멘톨의경우잘보이지않지만, 녹지않은경우가있어충분한시간동안사전에교반해줄것. ( 색소일부를사용하여용해상태확인할 교반 규격확인 제조종료 완전용해확인 19~21 투입 * 규격조정 ph가높을때 : Citric Acid로조정 ph가낮을때 : TEA로조정점도가낮을때 : CDE로조정점도가높을때 : Hexylene Glycol로조정
제품표준서 (Formula) 기안심의확정 결 Product Name : 샴푸 재 / / / No. 원료명 상품명 제조회사 함량 (%) 1 정제수 정제수 - 2 폴리쿼터늄-10 Polyquat 400KC 건창 3 Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate Miconol C2M 미원 4 트리에탄올아민 TEA U.C.C 5 라우릭애씨드 Lauric Acid Acid Chemical 6 미리스틱애씨드 Myristic Acid Acid Chemical 7 폴리옥시에칠렌글라이콜디스테아레이트 PEG 150 distearate 스테판 8 테트라소듐이디티에이 EDTA 4Na AKZO 9 살리실릭애씨드 살리실산 중국산 ( 상우 ) 10 크림바졸 Crimbazol Spec. Chem( 중국 ) 11 소듐폴리옥시에칠렌라우릴에텔설페이트 SLES(28%) 엘지생활건강 ( 온산 ) 12 소듐라우릴설페이트액 SLS(30%) 선진, 태동, 미원 13 코카마이드디이에이 CDE 이화 14 당약추출물 Swertianin Ext. 중국산 15 지실추출물 지실추출물 바이오랜드 ( 한국 ) 16 고삼추출물 Sophora Root Ext. 마루젠 17 토코페릴아세테이트 Vitamin E Acetate Roche 18 스테아트리모늄하이드로라이즈드콜라겐 Promois Silk 1000Q 풍림무약 19 향 SEL 14577 하세가와 20 L- 멘톨 ( 천연 ) l-menthol( 천연 ) BHAGAT 21 벤질니코티네이트 Benzyl Nicotinate Merck 22 히노키티올 Hinokitiol 大阪有機化學工業 23 메칠클로로이소치아졸리논. 메칠이소치아졸리논혼합 Sunbio 선경 24 디엠디엠하이단토인 glydant Lonza Inc. 25 그외 3 종
제품표준서 (Specification) 결 재 기안심의확정 / / / 시험항목 규 격 시험방법 비 고 (Properties) (Specifications) (Methods of Analysis) (Remarks) 1 성상 표준품과일치 관능검사 : visual * 표준품은공장에서 ( 청녹색의투명한액체 ( 표준품과비교 ) 생산됨시제품으로함 2 색 상 청녹색 관능검사 : visual * 표준품은공장에서 ( 표준품과비교 ) 생산됨시제품으로함 3 향 취 표준품과일치 관능검사 :olfactory ( 표준품과비교 ) 4 ph 7.5~8.5 1) 평가기기 : ph meter * 측정온도 (25 ) (25 ) 2) 온도 : 25 반드시준수 5 점도 25~60 ps 1) 평가기기 : Brookfield LVT * 측정온도 (25 ) (25 ) 2) spindle No.3, 12rpm 반드시준수 3) 온도 : 25 6 비 중 1.02 ~ 1.04 1) 평가기기 : Densitometer - H * 비중 :3회측정평균값 (25 ) * 측정온도 (25 ) 반드시준수 7 미생물 100마리 /g 이하 1) 장원기일반시험법 8 중량편차 표기량의 100% 이상 / 내용량 9 기 타 완제품의 Capping/ 실링상태양호
원료약품및그분량 제품명 : 버블바스 제품번호 : LG-20 작성일 : No 용도 원료명 장원기,INCI 명 처방량 (W/W%) 1 킬레이트제 EDTA -4Na 테트라소듐이디티에이 2 보습제 Glycerine -98% 글리세린 3 세정제 Miami -C2M Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate-30% 4 세정제 SlES- 28% 소듐폴리옥시에칠렌라우릴에텔설페이트-28% 5 세정제 Miami -CT 130 6 킬레이트제 CDES 코카마이드디이에이 7 세정제 GLUCAMATE 피이지 -120 메칠글루코스디올레이트 8 기포안정제 HCO-40 피이지-40- 하이드로게네이트카스터오일 9 기포안정제 함수구연산 구연산 10 보습제 NaCl 소금 11 광택제 MELHYDRAN -LS Hony Extract 12 세정제 Danisol -M 13 보습제 PG 프로필렌글리콜 14 방부제 GLYANANT 디엠디엠하이단토인 15 착향제 SEL - 8835 향에스이엘 8835 16 착향제 LU -3121A 향엘유 3121/ 에이 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 그외 2종 비고
제품번호제작성자품버블바쓰용량 500ml명작성일 No 원료명 제조원 처방량 공정도 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 R. O. Water EDTA -4Na Glycerine -98% M-C2M SLES - 28% Miami CT -130 R.O. Water CDES GLUCAMATE HCO - 40 R.O. Water 함수구연산 NaCl Melhydran -LS Danisol- M P.G GLYDANT SEL- 8835 LU-3121/A 그외 2종 자가제조 Theikoku 엘지화학미원상사엘지온산미원상사자가제조도경 Nikkol 자가제조한주소금단일화학 Henkel 비고 제품공정도
제품규격 (PRODUCT SPECIFICATION) 제품명 : 버블바쓰 시험항목 규 격 시험방법 비 고 (Properties) (Specifications) (Methods of Analysis) (Remarks) 1 성 상 표준품과일치 관능검사 ( 표준품과비교 ) 2 향 취 표준품과일치 관능검사 ( 표준품과비교 ) 3 ph 5.7-6.2 직접측정 4 점 도 10-20 장원기점도측정법 (25 ) B.F RV type, #3,12rpm, 1분 5 중량편차 표기량의 100% 이상 ( 내용량 ) 6 기 타 완제품의 capping 상태확인
제품명 : 버블바쓰 No. 원료명 처방 (%) 제조지시및기록서 작업일 : 년월일, 제조번호 :, 이론생산량 : 500kg, 제조관리자성명 : ( 확인 : 이론량 (Kg) 계량량 (Kg) 제조방법 1 R. O. Water 0.00 작업전제조설비세척상태확인 ( ). 2 EDTA -4Na 0.00 원료정량확인 ( ), 후인수한다. 3 Glycerine -98% 0.00 *MAIN PART 4 M-C2M 0.00 1) 1투입후교반시작 실온 5 SLES - 28% 0.00 2) 2, 3, 투입후가온시작 (70 까지 ) 70 6 Miami CT -130 0.00 3) 45 에서 4, 5, 6, 7 투입 40 7 R.O. Water 0.00 4) 60 에서 8, 9, 10, 11 투입 60 8 CDES 0.00 5) 70-75 유지하며 30분교반 75 9 GLUCAMATE 0.00 6) 균일상확인후냉각 (45 까지 ) 45 10 HCO - 40 0.00 7) 60 에서 12, 13 투입 60 11 R.O. Water 0.00 8) 45 에서 14를 15에용해투입 45 12 함수구연산 0.00 9) 16투입 45 13 NaCl 0.00 10) 17, 18투입 14 Melhydran -LS 0.00 11) 19투입 15 Danisol- M 0.00 12) 30분이상교반후물성측정 16 P.G 0.00 ph : 5.7-6.2, 점도 10-20ps 17 GLYDANT 0.00 18 SEL- 8835 0.00 19 LU-3121/A 0.00 20 RED #33 0.00000 21 22 기안심의확정 / / / 표준온도작업온도시작시간종료시간 합계 0.00 0.000
제품명 : 필오브팩 원료명 ( 상품명 ) 원료명 (Chemical Name) 함량 (%) 원료 ( 공급처 ) 원료 ( 제조원 ) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 A B C D 쌀겨추출물 ( 정제수 ) Glycereth-26 glycerin DPG(Dipropylene Glycol) 쌀겨추출물 ( 정제수 ) PVA 217 쌀겨추출물 ( 정제수 ) Aminocoat EDTa-2Na 마치현추출물 Ethanol M.P P.P E.P Emalex HC-60 Emalex OD-16 20 pf( 제공향,A,B,C,D) 오부장님제공향 21 22 23 E 기타추출물 1. B 상을메인믹서에투입하여 80 로가온후 PVA 를서서히투입하여완전 2. A 상을별도의용해조에서혼합후메인믹서에투입 3. C 상을별도의용해조에서용해 & 혼합후메인믹서에투입 4. D 상을별도의용해조에서완전용해후메인믹서에서서히투입하여가용화 5. E 상기타추출물을투입후혼합및 30 까지냉각 6. 여과및배출
크리스탈비누제조공정 1 포도즙액첨가 2 에센셜오일첨가 3 색소첨가 4 성형틀주입 5 성형틀주입 6
원제베이스 1 원제베시스정량 2 배합 3 포도즙액첨가 4 색소첨가 5 에센셜오일정량첨가 6
원제배합및첨가물준비 1 배합 2 에센셜오일첨가 3 원제샘플준비 4 샴푸, 바디워시샘플
원제, 첨가물준비 1 배합 2 샘플 3
원제준비 1 색소첨가 2 브랜딩 3 샘플완료 4
고체비누원제준비 1 파쇄및첨가물준비 2 분쇄후첨가물 3 고체비누샘풀완료 4 성형 5 투명비누샘풀완료 6
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Yamada등 (1991) 은사자발쑥잎에서정제된화합물중 rhamnogalacturona 핵과 arabinogalactan 구조를갖는 acidic heteroglacan (AAF-IIb-2 와 IIB-3) 의 anti-complementary 작용모드를연구하였다. Hayakawa등 (1995) 은사자발쑥잎에서분리된 sulfated polysaccharide 에의한헤파린 cofactor II 의선택적활성을연구하였다. Yayashi등 (1997) 도사자발쑥잎으로부터온 sulfated polysachharide 가헤파린 cofactor II의 lys173 과 arg189 residure 에독립적으로헤파린 cofactor II를활성화시킨다고보고하였다. Umano등 (2000) 은사자발쑥잎으로부터 2가지추출방법을사용한후gas chromatography (GC) 와 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) 분석방법으로총192종의방향성화합물을동정하였다. Toda (2004) 는사자발쑥잎성분중, polyphenol들이시험관내에서 CU(II)-H 2 O 2 에의해유발된단백질 fragmentation 에대한억제효과를조사하였다. 또한 Toda (2005) 는사자발쑥의잎에서추출한 polyphenol들이시험관내에서자유라디칼에의한지질과산화반응의항산화효과를연구하였다. Xiufen등 (2004) 도일본전통차에사용되는 7가지허브의항산화효과를조사하였다. Liu등 (2006) 은사자발쑥과녹나무에서추출한정유의방충및살충효과와밀과잠두 (broad bean) 의종자발아효과를보고하였다.