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1 대한응급의학회지제 25 권제 5 호 Volume 25, Number 5, October, 2014 원 저 Pediatrics 영유아심폐소생술교육이유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과 동서대학교간호학과, 마산대학교간호학과 1 박정하 하재현 1 The Effect of Infant-child CPR Education for Early Childhood Education Students CPR Knowledge, Attitude and Self-efficacy Jung Ha Park, RN, Jae Hyun Ha, RN 1 Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of infant-child CPR education on CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy of early childhood education students. Methods: The subjects were 18 early childhood education students. Infant-child CPR education with theory and practice was composed of a 1:9 instructor-to-student ratio during a period of 3 hours. CPR knowledge, attitude, and selfefficacy were measured, along with CPR performance on the effect of education. The data were acquired from October 19 to November 2 in Results: Significant improvement was observed for CPR knowledge (z=-3.63, p<.001), attitude (z=-3.42, p=.001), and self-efficacy (z=-3.25, p=.001). All of the subjects passed the performance test for infant-child CPR. Conclusion: Implemented infant-child CPR education is helpful in improving CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. Key Words: Attitude, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Knowledge, Self-efficacy Department of Nursing, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea, Department of Nursing, Masan University, Gyeongsangnamdo, Korea 1 책임저자 : 하재현경상남도창원시마산회원구내서읍함마대로 2640 마산대학교간호학과 Tel: 055) , Fax: 055) malern@hanmail.net 접수일 : 2014년 7월 16일, 1차교정일 : 2014년 7월 17일게재승인일 : 2014년 8월 7일 이연구는 2014 년도동서대학교학술연구조성비지원과제임. 520 Article Summary What is already known in the previous study Most infant-child CPR education was composed of theory. Most infant-child CPR education was implemented as a group. What is new in the current study Infant-child CPR education with a 1:9 instructor-to-student ratio with theory and practice during a period of 3 hours was effective. Infant-child CPR education helps to improve CPR knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy. 서 영유아질병및응급관리에대한책임이부모에게국한되었던과거와는달리최근에는이에대한책임이유치원과보육시설에도동일하게요구되고있다 1). 영유아의안전사고는신체적 심리적영향을미칠뿐만아니라영구적인결함을초래하고특히, 영유아의생명과예후는응급사고현장에서시행된신속하고적절한응급처치에따라결정되므로모든유치원교사들은이에대한정확한대처를수행할수있는준비가되어있어야한다 2). 그러나대부분의교사들은의식저하와관련된초기응급처치, 심폐소생술에대하여지식부족과수행의어려움을호소하고, 극히일부교사만이심폐소생술을정확히시행할수있다고보고하기때문에현장목격자로서이에대한대비가적절하지못한실정이다 3,4). 유치원및어린이집교사들은영유아심정지환자를최초로목격하여심폐소생술을제공해야할경우가발생함에도불구하고소생술에대한교육이부족하고시행되고있는심폐소생술 (Basic Life Support, BLS) 교육은대부분성인심폐소생술에초점을맞추어이루어지고있을뿐만아니라정기적인교육과정도없기때문에영유아심폐소생술의시행률과생존율은극히저조하게나타나고있다 5-8). 최초목격자에의한심폐소생술의적용은예후에영향을미치는 론
2 박정하외 : 영유아심폐소생술교육이유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과 / 521 중요한요소로서심정지환자의발생시신속한심폐소생술이시행된다면생존율을 2~3배증가시킬수있다 9-10). 이처럼영유아심폐소생술교육이필수적으로시행되어야함에도불구하고아직까지유아교육학과정규교과에는심폐소생술교육프로그램이확립되어있지않으며, 심폐소생술을체계적으로배울수있는정기적인보수교육과정도부족한실정이다. 게다가개인적인필요에의해임의적으로이루어지고있는심폐소생술교육은대부분집단교육으로실시되고있어서정확한동작을위해반복실습이중요한심폐소생술교육이효과적으로이루어지지못하고있는실정이다 7). 영유아심폐소생술에대한최근연구동향을살펴보면, 보육교사를대상으로실시된영아심폐소생술현장교정교육, 심폐소생술및복부밀어내기교육, 응급상황대처사례기반소그룹학습등이대부분이다 7,8,11). 반면, 향후유치원교사로서근무하며최초목격자가될확률이높은유아교육학과학생에대한연구는미흡한실정이며, 이들을대상으로실시한심폐소생술교육의효과를검증한연구는찾기어려웠다. 학생시기에습득한심폐소생술지식과수행능력은졸업후응급상황이발생했을때응급처치에대한자신감과태도에영향을미치므로학부과정에서부터심폐소생술에대한교육이이루어져이에대한긍정적인태도를배양할수있도록준비시키는것이필요하다 12). 이에본연구자들은유아교육학과 4학년학생들을대상으로영유아심폐소생술교육을적용하여심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과를확인함으로써향후영유아심폐소생술교육프로그램의개발과진행에도움이될수있는기초자료를제공하고자본연구를시행하였다. 명임을확인한후에연구를진행하였다. 자료수집기간은 2013년 10월 19일부터 11월 2일까지이며연구대상자의윤리적측면을고려하여, 연구의목적과연구진행절차, 익명성보장등에대한내용을설명하고연구참여에대한자필동의를받은후연구를진행하였다. 연구자가직접설문지를배포하고수거하였으며, 설문지작성에소용된시간은약 10분이었다. 신뢰도확보를위해사전조사는교육일주일전에실시되었고, 사후조사는교육직후에실시되었다. 3. 연구절차영유아심폐소생술교육은본연구자가이론과실습의총 3시간교육프로그램을구성하여실시하였다. 교육은파워포인트슬라이드를이용한이론수업과마네킹및자동제세동기 (Automated External Defibrillator, AED) 를이용한실습을병행하여이론수업과실습이분리되지않고동시에이루어지도록구성하였으며, 실습시교육도구로 Laerdal사 (Laerdal Medical Corporation, Stavanger, Norway) 의 Little Anne TM, Baby Anne TM 마네킹및교육용자동제세동기 (Laerdal AED trainer 2) 를사용하였다. 영유아심폐소생술교육과정은 Fig. 1과같다. 먼저심폐소생술지식에대한퀴즈를제시하고즉각적으로답을확인하여학생들의집중과학습동기를유발하였다. 1인구조자유아심폐소생술과정을통해심폐소생술과정을진행하였고, 2인구조자실습시에는 2인구조자심폐소생술과자동제세 대상과방법 1. 연구설계 본연구는영유아심폐소생술교육프로그램을적용하기전과후에유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도, 자기효능감에대한차이를검정하여교육효과를확인하기위한단일군전후설계 (One group pre-post test design) 이다. 2. 연구대상및자료수집 본연구의대상자는 P시 P대학교유아교육학과 4학년대학생들로연구자가직접해당학교를방문하여학과장에게연구의목적과방법을설명한후연구에대한허락을구하였다. 참여자공고를하여대상자를모집하였고, 연구에참여한대상자는최종 18명이었다. 효과크기 0.55, 유의수준 0.05, 검정력 0.8으로산정한 Cohen 13) 의표본수는17 Fig. 1. Infant-child CPR education program. CPR/AED=cardiopulmonary resuscitation/automated external defibrillator Flow chart of the application method and process through the Infant-child CPR Education.
3 522 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 2014 동기적용과정을진행하였다. 다음영아마네킹을사용하여영아 1인구조자기본심폐소생술과정을시행하였고, 이물질에의한영유아급성기도폐쇄상황교육을실시하였다. 실기교육시의식확인, 비정상호흡확인, 가슴압박위치 속도 깊이, 기도확보, 인공호흡, 가슴압박대인공호흡, 자동제세동기적용을정확하게수행할수있도록지도하였고, 반복적인연습을수행하도록학습자들을독려하였다. 실습시교차감염방지를위해모든대상자에게마우스쉴드 (mouth shield) 를제공하였다. 교육후최종평가는 2인구조자유아기본심폐소생술및자동제세동기적용의전체과정수행에대해 Pass/Fail 로이루어졌고, 각항목별평가기준은대한심폐소생협회의 2011년한국심폐소생술지침에따라 1) 심정지확인 2) 도움및 119 신고요청 3) 가슴압박 30회시행 4) 인공호흡 2회시행 5) 가슴압박과인공호흡의반복 6) 자동제세동기전원켜기 7) 두개의패드부착 8) 심장리듬분석 9) 제세동시행 10) 즉시심폐소생술다시시행으로각항목을빠트리지않고모두시행하였을때최종평가를통과한것으로인정하고본교육을이수한것으로하였다. 4. 연구도구 수록심폐소생술지식이높음을의미한다. 지식 15문항은 BLS (Basic Life Support) Instructor 자격을가지고있는응급의학과전문의 1인, 전문간호사 1인에게자문을받아서 2차례의수정작업을거쳤다. 심폐소생술태도는병원간호사의심폐소생술태도를측정하기위해 Choi 4) 가개발하여사용하고 Cho 15) 가사용한도구를사용하였다. 5점척도의 10문항으로최저 10점에서최고 50점의점수분포를가지며점수가높을수록심폐소생술태도가높음을의미한다. 자기효능감도구는 Lim 16) 이사용한자기효능감도구를 5점척도로수정하여사용하였다. 각문항에대한응답은 전혀확신없다 는 1점에서 매우확신한다 5 점까지로최저 12점에서 60점으로점수가높을수록자기효능감이높음을의미한다. 5. 자료분석수집된자료는 SPSS/WIN 20.0 프로그램을활용하여통계분석하였다. 대상자의일반적인특성과심폐소생술관련특성은기술통계, 영유아심폐소생술교육의효과검증은 Wilcoxon signed ranks test를이용하여분석하였으며, p<0.05인경우통계학적유의성이있는것으로판단하였다. 심폐소생술지식은본연구자가미국심장협회 (American Heart Association, AHA) 의 2010년가이드라인을기본으로한대한심폐소생협회의 2011년한국심폐소생술지침을참고하여영유아심폐소생술에맞는지식 15문항을구성하였다. 각문항은맞으면 1점, 틀리면 0점처리하였고, 점수범위는최저 0점에서최고 15점으로점수가높을 결과 1. 일반적특성및심폐소생술관련특성연구대상자의일반적특성과심폐소생술관련특성은 Table 1. General characteristics and CPR characteristics of subjects. Characteristics Categories n (%) (N=18) Gender Female 18 (100.0) Age (yr) (033.3) (050.0) (016.7) Heart disease of family history Yes 02 (011.1) No 16 (088.9) Acquisition of CPR information Television 14 (077.8) Internet 02 (011.1) Book 1 (05.6) Other 1 (05.6) CPR education experience Yes 07 (038.9) No 11 (061.1) Basic education method (n=7) Lecture 05 (071.4) Lecture & practice 02 (028.6) Understanding about CPR Know slightly 14 (077.8) Don t know well 03 (016.7) Don t know 1 (05.6) CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
4 박정하외 : 영유아심폐소생술교육이유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과 / 523 Table 1과같다. 평균연령은 21.8세, 11.1% 의대상자가심장질환을가진가족이있었다. 대상자의 77.8% 는 TV, 11.1% 는인터넷에서심폐소생술용어를들었다고하였다. 38.9% 가심폐소생술교육경험이있었고, 이들중 71.4% 가이론교육, 28.6% 가이론과실기교육을함께받은것으로나타났다. 그리고대상자의 77.8% 가심폐소생술에대해조금알고있다고응답하였다. 2. 연구대상자의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도, 자기효능감및수행합격률 영유아심폐소생술교육후심폐소생술에대한지식은교육전 10.39점에서교육후 14.44점으로증가하였으며통계적으로유의하였다 (z=-3.63, p<.001). 심폐소생술에대한태도는교육전 31.50점에서교육후 39.67점으로증가하였고 (z=-3.42, p=.001), 심폐소생술에대한자기효능감은교육전 40.11점에서교육후 44.67점으로증가되었으며 (z=-3.25, p=.001) 통계적으로유의하였다 (Table 3, Fig. 2). 대상자들의심폐소생술지식은영유아심폐소생술교육전 11점이상이 44.4% 이었으나교육후모든대상자의지식점수가 11점이상으로상승하였다. 태도점수는교육전 30점이하가 50.0%, 31~40점사이가 38.9%, 41~50점사이가 11.1% 이었으나교육후 31에서 40점사이가 72.2%, 41점이상이 27.8% 로상승하였다. 자기효능감은교육전 40점미만이 50.0%, 41~50점이 50.0% 였으나교육후에는 41~50점 77.7%, 51점이상은 5.6% 로나타났다. 교육후대상자들의 2인구조자유아기본심폐소생술및자동제세동기적용의전체과정의수행합격률은 100% 였다 (Table 2). 3. 영유아심폐소생술교육의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감효과 Fig. 2. Change of Knowledge, Attitude and Self efficacy Pre-post Comparison of Effectiveness of Learning through the Infant-child CPR Education. Table 2. Knowledge, attitude self-efficacy and success rate of subjects. Variables Division (N=18) Pre-education Post-education n (%) n (%) Knowledge ~10 10 (55.6) - 11~15 08 (44.4) 18 (100). Attitude ~30 09 (50.0) - 31~40 07 (38.9) 13 (72.2) 41~50 02 (11.1) 05 (27.8) Self-efficacy ~40 09 (50.0) 03 (16.7) 41~50 09 (50.0) 14 (77.7) 51~60-01 (05.6) Success rate - 18 (100). Table 3. Knowledge, attitude and self-efficacy before and after infant-child CPR education. Variables Pre-education Post-education Means±SD Median (IQR) Means±SD Median (IQR) z (N=18) Knowledge 10.39± (9-12) ± (14-15) <.001 Attitude 31.50± (28-36) 39.67± (38-43) <.001 Self-efficacy 40.11± (37-43) 44.67± (42-48) <.001 CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation SD/IQR: standard deviation/interquartile range p
5 524 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 2014 고찰본연구는유아교육학과대학생에게영유아심폐소생술교육프로그램을적용한후심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감의차이를분석하여효과적인영유아심폐소생술교육프로그램수립을위한기초자료를제공하고자실시되었다. 대상자의 38.9% 가심폐소생술교육을받았으나주로이론교육으로구성되었기때문에심폐소생술에대해조금만알고있다고보고하고있어아직체계적인교육이미흡함을확인할수있었다. 우리나라에서발생한소아심정지의 13.8% 가급성기도폐쇄에의해유발되지만소아심폐소생술이나급성기도폐쇄에대한응급처치가시행되지않았던것은자신감부족과시행방법을몰랐기때문으로나타났다 6,17,18). 이러한이유로보육교사들은사고에따른응급처치와영아심폐소생술에대한교육을 1, 2순위로요구하고있다 19). 응급상황은언제든지발생이가능하고, 학생들은취업과동시에심정지및급성기도폐쇄의응급상황에직면할수있으므로이에대해적합한대처를수행하여극히저조한현재의영유아심폐소생술의시행률과생존율을향상시킬수있도록정규교과과정에서부터영유아심폐소생술및급성기도폐쇄의응급처치교육이효과적이고실질적인방법으로실시되어야할필요가있다고생각된다 8). 유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한연구가매우부족한현실정에서본연구는대한심폐소생협회의 2011년한국심폐소생술지침을준수하며강사대학생의비율을 1:9로구성하여 3시간의이론및실습으로이루어진영유아심폐소생술교육을실시하였다. 심폐소생술에대한지식및태도점수는교육전에대부분중정도이하의수준으로나타나 An 23) 의연구결과와일치하였다. 하지만교육후심폐소생술에대한지식및태도는통계적으로유의하게향상되었음을확인할수있었다. 심폐소생술에대한지식을우선적으로살펴보면, 평균 4점이향상되어전체대상자가교육후에 14점이상의점수를나타내었다. 대학생을대상으로한 Yoon 20) 의연구에서는강사대학생비율을 1:6으로하여 3시간의교육을실시하였고, 초등학생과고등학생을대상으로한 Kwon 21) 의연구에서는 1:9로 4시간의교육을실시한결과심폐소생술에대한지식이긍정적으로향상되었다고보고하여본연구결과와일치하였다. 하지만현재까지심폐소생술교육시적정한강사 학생의비율과교육효과를나타내기에적합한시간에대한정립이이루어지지않았으므로향후연구에서는인적 물적자원이한정되어있는현실을감안하여교육자와수강생의적합한비율및적정교육시간에대한표준화된지침을마련하기위한연구가수행될필요가있을것이다. 다음으로영유아심폐소생술교육을실시한후심폐소생 술에대한태도는교육전에비해교육후 8점이상유의하게향상되었음을알수있었다. 이러한결과는 Yoon 20) 의연구에서기본심폐소생술이일반대학생의심폐소생술교육에대한태도를증가시킨것과 Park 등 22) 의연구에서간호대학생의심폐소생술수행에대한태도가유의하게높았던결과와일치하여심폐소생술교육이심폐소생술에대한긍정적인태도를향상시키는데효과가있음을확인할수있었다. 하지만태도가특정대상이나상황에대해인지적, 감정적, 행동적요소를갖는지속적인지향성을의미하기는하나수행을향상시키는것을의미하지않으므로결과해석에는주의를요한다 15). 심폐소생술에대한자기효능감은심폐소생술을수행할수있는개인의능력에대한판단을의미하는것으로교육후에통계적으로유의하게향상되었다. 이러한결과는보육교사를대상으로한심폐소생술교육이소아심폐소생술에대한시행의지를증가시켰다는연구를지지하였다 6). 특히, 강의와실습이함께이루어지는교육이시행의지를향상시킨다는근거를토대로할때향후심폐소생술을의료지식이부족한대학생및교사에게적용할때에는의료지식에대한이해수준을고려하여이론과실기에충분한시간안배를하고, 반복훈련이가능하도록체계적인내용구성이기획되어교육효과를증진시킬필요가있다고생각된다 14,24). 더불어최근심폐소생술이빠른시간에양질로제공되도록돕기위해휴대전화를이용한다양한방법도제안되므로이를활용한교육방법도고려해볼필요가있을것이다 25-27). 결론적으로영유아심폐소생술교육전후심폐소생술지식, 태도및자기효능감이통계적으로유의한차이를보여본연구의교육프로그램효과가입증되었으므로향후영유아심폐소생술실시및교육의활성화에기여하리라기대할수있겠다. 그러나유아교육학과대학생을대상으로비교할만한선행연구가부족한상태이므로이를검증할수있는반복연구가필요하며빠른심폐소생술의시행뿐만아니라양질의심폐소생술을실시하는것도중요하므로대상자의상황에맞춘표준화된체계적인중재프로토콜을확립할필요가있다. 또한일회성으로끝나는교육은시간이경과함에따라교육효과가유지되지못하여심폐소생술은주기적인보수교육을통한반복훈련이필요하므로정규교과과정에서보수교육과정으로연계될수있는장기간에걸친반복적인교육프로그램이체계적으로개발되어야할것이다 4). 본연구는영유아심폐소생술에대한이론교육및실습으로교육효과를검증하였으므로향후프로그램의개발과효과적인교수방법을위한실제적인근거를마련하였다는점에서연구의의의를갖는다. 하지만일지역유아교육학과소수의학생을대상으로연구하였고, 심폐소생술수행이정확하게실시되었는지여부는확인하지못한점과위
6 박정하외 : 영유아심폐소생술교육이유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과 / 525 급상황시심폐소생술을시행할수있는지에대한실제적인대처능력향상을확인하지못한제한점을가진다. 향후에는이를토대로정확한심폐소생술수행능력에대한평가와심폐소생술대처능력을높일수있는체계적이고개선된교육과정의개발이필요하겠다. 이상의연구결과를토대로다음과같이제언하고자한다. 첫째, 본연구에서실시된영유아심폐소생술교육프로그램을기초로수행능력에대한평가도함께시행되어교육의효과를실질적으로검정할수있는실험연구가필요하다. 둘째, 영유아심폐소생술교육으로응급상황발생시실질적인대처능력을개선할수있는체계적인교육프로그램의적용및효과에대한후속연구가필요하다. 결 유아교육학과대학생을대상으로영유아심폐소생술교육을시행한결과교육전에비하여교육후에심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도, 자아효능감이유의하게향상되는것이입증되었으므로본연구의영유아심폐소생술교육은교육효과가있음을확인할수있었다. 론 참고문헌 01. Kim GH. The effects of child cardiopulmonary resuscitation education for childcare teachers with a video selfinstruction program. J Korean Soc Emerg Med Technol. 2009;13: Lee SM, Jo MS. Early child care teachers treatment method on emergency situation at early childhood education setting. J Future Early Child Educ. 2010;17: Slabea D, Finka R. Kindergarten teachers and their assistants knowledge of first aid in Slovenian kindergartens. Health Education Journal. 2013;72: Lee DH, Choi YH, Cheon YJ. Emergencies in the kindergarten: Are kindergarten teachers adequately trained to cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation. 2010;81: Kim JM, Cho GC, Na YH, Cho JH, Kim OH. The Effect of CPR and Abdominal Thrust Education on Teachers in Child Care Centers. J Korean Soc Emerg Med. 2010;21: Lee EK, Kim OH, Kim EM. The effect of CPR education in a rural community. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2010;16: Kim IO, Shin SW. The CPR Educational Program Effect of Infant CPR Immediate Remediation for Child Care Teachers. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2013;19: Yun SH, Lee KM, Kim JH, Kim JS, Paik JH, Kim H, et al. Outcome of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Korean Soc Emerg Med. 2007;18: Kim KM. Knowledge and educational experience about basic life support in high school students. [master s thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University; p Holmberg M, Holmberg S, Herlitz. J. Effect of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Sweden. Resuscitation. 2000;47: Choi EJ. Effects of Case-based Small Group Learning on Daycare Center Teachers Coping Ability in Emergency Situations: Focus on Daily Life and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Child Health Nurs Res. 2013;19: Lee JE, Koh BY, Lee IM, Choi KM, Park SI, Ahn HG. The evaluation of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation training targeted for college students. J Korean Soc Emerg Med Technol. 2003;7: Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates, xxi, 1988; p Cho HY. Analysis of Nurses Attitude to ward Basic Life Support and Influencing Factors. [master s thesis]. Seoul: Yonsei University; p Cho HS. Relationship between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) knowledge, professional attitude, and job performance: a descriptive analysis of medium-to small-sized hospital nurses. [master s thesis]. Suwon: Ajou University; p Lim SO. The Development and Effectiveness of Webbased Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Program. [master s thesis]. Daejeon: Eulji University; p Park CB, Shin SD, Suh GJ, Ahn KO, Cha WC, Song KJ, et al. Pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Korea: A nationwide population-based study. Resuscitation. 2010;81: Gerein RB, Osmond MH, Stiell IG, Nesbitt LP, Burns S. What are the etiology and epidemiology of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary arrest in Ontario, Canada?. Acad Emerg Med. 2006;13: Kim IO, Park HJ. A survey on knowledge, experience and educational need child care teacher on infant health management. The Journal of Korea Open Association for Early Childhood Education. 2012;17: Yoon MO. The Effects of Basic Life Support Education on CPR Knowledge and Attitude of Undergraduates. Journal of Korean School Health. 2011;24: Kwon YS. The comparison of effectiveness in basic life support education between elementary school students and high school students. [master s thesis]. Ulsan: Ulsan University; p11-30.
7 526 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 Park YR, Kim HS, Cha HG. Awareness, attitude and perceived competency about cardiopulmonary resuscitation in elementary school students. Journal of Korean Society of School Health. 2010;23: An JY. Comparison study on the effects of VSI (Video self-instruction) and basic CPR (Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) education. [master s thesis]. Kongju: Kongju National University; Hamasu S, Morimoto T, Kuramoto N, Horiguchi M, Iwami T, Nishiyama C, et al. Effects of BLS training on factors associated with attitude toward CPR in college students. Resuscitation. 2009;80: /j.resuscitation Dias JA, Brown TB, Saini D, Shah RC, Cofield SS, Waterbor JW, et al. Simplified dispatch-assisted CPR instructions outperform standard protocol. Resuscitation. 2007;72: Brown T, Saini D, Shah R, Dias J. Effect of phone position on quality of dispatch-assisted CPR. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2006;10: Cheung S, Deakin CD, Hsu R, Petley GW, Clewlow FA. Prospective manikin-based observational study of telephonedirected cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2007;72:
8 박정하외 : 영유아심폐소생술교육이유아교육학과학생의심폐소생술에대한지식, 태도및자기효능감에미치는효과 / 527 Appendix. 심폐소생술지식 1. 심폐소생술에대한설명으로가장적합한것은무엇인가? 1 면허가있는의료인만이할수있는행위이다. 2 심정지원인에상관없이 119에신고하는것보다가슴압박이우선이다. 3 정상심장리듬으로되돌리기위해서반드시가슴압박과인공호흡을병행하여야한다. 4 부족하나마뇌와심근에산소가풍부한혈액을공급하여, 뇌와심장이파괴되는속도를늦춘다. 2. 3세여자아이가키즈까페에서음식을먹던중기침을계속하더니점차기침이약해졌다. 숨을쉴때쌕쌕거리는소리가났고, 숨쉬기가힘들어보였다. 다음중가능성이높은원인은무엇인가? 1 부정맥에의한심정지 2 구토에의한흡인성폐렴 3 이물질에의한급성기도폐쇄 4 알레르기유발물질에의한급성천식 3. 당신은혼자길을가다가 7세가량의소년이갑자기쓰러지는것을목격하였다. 다음중당신이가장먼저해야할일은무엇인가? 1 의식확인 2 기도유지 3 도움요청 4 가슴압박 4. 당신은무반응상태로침대에서발견된 6세여자아이에게심폐소생술을시행하려한다. 적절한가슴압박대인공호흡의비율은얼마인가? 1 15:1 2 15: :1 4 30:2 5. 당신은수영장에서물에빠진 3세여자아이를구하였다. 아이는축늘어져있고주변에도와줄사람이없으며휴대폰을가지고있지않은상태이다. 휴대폰이있는탈의실까지거리가 50 m라면언제 119에신고해야하는가? 1 아이를물에서꺼내자마자바로 2 총 10회의인공호흡을시행한고난후 3 아이의기도와입에서물과구토물을제거하고난후 4 아이에게 2분간인공호흡을포함한심폐소생술을시행하고난후 6. 당신은유치원점심시간에숨쉬기기힘들어보이는 7세남자아이를발견하였다. 아이는두손으로자신의목을움켜쥐고있다. 제일먼저무엇을해야하는가? 1 이물질이나올때까지복부밀어올리기를시행한다. 2 아이에게 애야숨이막히니 하고물어보고반응을확인한다. 3 이물질이나올때까지아이의등을반복해서강하게두드린다. 4 가슴압박을시행하고입안을확인한뒤에다시가슴압박을반복한다. 7. 의식이없는 6개월된아이의심장이뛰고있는지확인하는방법은무엇인가? 1 손목의맥을짚어맥박이있는지확인한다. 2 가슴에귀를대고심장이뛰는지직접들어본다. 3 왼쪽가슴에손을대고심장의고동이느껴지는지확인한다. 4 기침이나숨을쉬지않고움직이지않으면심장이멎었다고판단한다. 8. 당신은침대에반응없이누워있는상태로발견된 5세남자아이에대한도움을요청받았다. 외상의징후가없다면당신은어떻게이아이의기도를열어주겠는가? 1 고개를옆으로돌린다.
9 528 / 대한응급의학회지 : 제 25 권제 5 호 머리를뒤로젖히고턱을들어준다. 3 머리에아무것도받치지않고그대로둔다. 4 머리밑에베게를높게받쳐고개가약간앞으로수그러지게한다 개월된아이에게시행하는심폐소생술에대한설명중맞는것은무엇인가? 1 가슴압박속도는분당 60회이상이다. 2 가슴압박대인공호흡비율은항상성인과똑같다. 3 제세동이필요할경우성인제세동기사용하면안된다. 4 가슴압박위치는양쪽젖꼭지사이정중앙바로아래이다 개월된아이가방안을기어다니다가무언가를삼키고기도가폐쇄되었다. 이때어떻게해야하는가? 1 복부밀어내기를시행한다. 2 즉시심폐소생술을시행한다 에신고하고구조대원을기다린다. 4 등두드리기와가슴압박을각각 5회씩반복적으로실시한다. 11. 유치원원장선생님이축늘어진 5세여자아이를안고당신에게왔다. 당신은그아이가호흡이없음을확인하고원장선생님에게 119에게신고하도록시킨후가슴압박을시작하였다. 당신은이아이에게어떠한방법으로가슴압박을시행할것인가? 1 양손의손바닥을겹쳐서누른다. 2 한손의손뒤꿈치를이용하여누른다. 3 양손의엄지손가락을이용하여누른다. 4 한손의검지와중지를이용하여누른다 세남자아이에게가슴압박을시행할때손의압박위치는어디인가? 1 배의중앙부위 2목과가슴사이 3 가슴의중앙부위 4 심장이있는왼쪽가슴부위 13. 인공호흡을할때다음중어떤방법을취하는것이효과적이라고생각하는가? 1 아이의입을막고코로숨을불어넣는다. 2 아이의코를막고입으로숨을불어넣는다. 3 아이의입을막지않은상태에서코로숨을불어넣는다. 4 아이의코를막지않은상태에서입으로숨을불어넣는다. 14. 당신은 6세여자아이에게인공호흡을하고있다. 이때인공호흡이적절하게시행되려면호흡량은어떻게해야하는가? 1 공기가많이들어가도록세게한다. 2 충분히가슴이올라가도록힘껏불어야한다. 3 가슴이부드럽게올라가도록 1초에걸쳐서한다. 4 최대한숨을깊게들이쉬고불어넣어되도록많은공기가들어가게한다. 15. 의식이없는어린이에게시행한심폐소생술을멈출수있는경우는언제인가? 1 구조팀이도착한후 2 구조자가너무지친경우 3 구조환경이안전하지않을경우 4 위에제시한세가지경우가모두해당
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