(001~121)기출플영독(해)OK

Transcription

1

2 정답한눈에보기 01 지칭추론 04 빈칸추론 (2) 어법 글의목적 빈칸추론 (1) 시각자료의활용

3 07 무관한문장찾기 10 내용일치 불일치 연결사추론 11 글의주제 어휘추론 12 글의순서

4 정답한눈에보기 13 단락속에문장넣기 16 글의요지 심경 분위기 17 글의제목 필자의주장 18 문단요약

5 19 세트형문항 (1) 20 세트형문항 (2)

6 Answers &Explanations 01 지칭추론 Budapest von Neumann 8 12 von Neumann Budapest Berlin Budapest von Neumann By age twenty-five he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.: had undeniably chemical engineering compromise bargain enroll promptly semester publish definition ordinal number 02 Sea World Dave Butcher The sea lions were friendly to those humans they knew and enjoyed being with them.: were enjoyed The sea lions they knew that which those humans reward consequently irritable sunbathe pile food deprivation 03 6

7 She walked over to the ticket agent and offered to take a later flight, if it meant the woman could use her ticket to travel to New York with her daughter.: it to travel ~ daughter to distract hotly woeful compassion distressed revalidate arrange 04 Florida Maryland For myself I kept a solitary piece of china, one of the few remaining plates from the set my grandfather bought my mother for her wedding.: a solitary piece of china one ~ wedding remind failing health sort through belongings solitary comrade delicate reminder hospitality 05 Zaynab Fawwaz South Lebanon Alexandria Zaynab Fatima Zaynab The Zaynab Letters Zaynab Fawwaz Zaynab Fawwaz As (she was) a young girl she went to Alexandria with the Egyptian family for whom she worked.: As (she)+be(was) mistress intrigued literate arithmetic pioneering 06 Sarah Sarah Sarah 7

8 Answers &Explanations Sarah Sarah She The storekeeper A price list stuck up crooked beside the candy told her she could buy half a loaf of oversweetened white bread, if she wanted, or a scoop of frozen peas.: stuck A price list A price list told combination convenience store storekeeper occupant wrinkled faded conserve stick up crooked oversweeten acknowledge 07 Ellen Langer Langer Langer Ellen Langer Ellen Langer She d long since gotten roasting pans in larger sizes and hadn t cut an end off since.: She d ~ gotten hadn t cut roast routine long since mindlessly 08 As he passed the crew of slaves, he asked several of them what their offenses were.as what were asked crew offense innocent lay put, place the blame on at fault seize scoundrel set ~ free admission 09 8

9 Vence 1940 Henri Matisse came late to painting, having trained to be a lawyer to please his father.: having trained Henri Matisse having trained because as he had trained In 1917 Matisse began to spend winters in Vence, where he donated a chapel of his own design that is one of the most moving religious buildings in Europe.: where where ~ in Europe Vence that that ~ in Europe a chapel recover surgery how-to book attorney henceforth donate chapel devote oneself to detail Stephanie Betty Stephanie Best Wedding Stephanie Betty Betty Stephanie Betty Betty Stephanie One day in February 2009, Stephanie called Betty, her best friend, who was the only employee of her business Best Wedding.: her best friend Betty dwindling revenue colleague businesslike fashion figure out disengage document 11 Evelyn Julie Julie Foulke Julie Julie Evelyn Julie Taking a closer look, she found her thumb to be somewhat more swollen.: Taking a closer look As she took a closer look nursery toss feverishly odd exclamation inflamed sore physician check on 9

10 Answers &Explanations smooth 12 Lantin 7 8 Lantin 12,000 15,000 The man took the article, examined it, turned it over, weighed it, and took up a magnifying glass to look at it more closely.: The man took, examined, turned, weighed, took up to look at to imitation at length take up ceremony 13 workmanship article magnifying glass purchase Kate Joan 3 Joan Joan Joan Kate Kate Joan Joan Kate Joan Kate Joan (Being) Intent on one of the pictures, she took a step back and hit the small table, tipping it over.: Intent on one of the pictures Being tipping it over chat cup and saucer wander intent tip over negligence compensate volunteer fair particular 14 New Jersey Staten Island ~ glancing at the cars piling up behind her, she took two dollars from her purse and rang it up on the cash register.: glancing ~ her 10

11 toll booth attendant remind A of B pile cash register 어법 John John John 27 John When things didn t go his way, he began to go downhill, complaining about the game, screaming at himself, and slamming his racket.: complaining ~ racket he fit temper singles match things don t go one s way go downhill slam nervous breakdown insult 01 (A) that two observers evaluating (B) a javelin was thrown (C) evaluation of performances such as ~ figure skating it From the point of view of research in motor behavior, it is important to use performances in the laboratory for which the scoring can be as objective as possible.: it to use for which ~ possible performances in the laboratory term objectivity be subject to verification objective subjective 11

12 Answers &Explanations tape measure regardless of elaborate laboratory yield gymnastics motor behavior immeasurably spark look to reclaim refined standardized sourdough the popularity of fine breads and pastries popularity are is air transportation carries air transportation that alike that some of the flavors of old-fashioned bread were lost for producing In the twentieth century, [advances in technology, from refrigeration to sophisticated ovens to air transportation {that carries fresh ingredients around the world}], contributed immeasurably to baking and pastry making.: [advances ~ world] contributed from A to B A B that ~ world air transportation 3 to operate operating stopped to operate the washing machine supply supplied that says sounds unfair make us pay As it is wholly the company s responsibility to correct the defect, I hope you will not make us pay for the labor component of its repair.: As ~ defect it to correct the defect refrigeration sophisticated transportation ingredient contribute to servicing spare defect wholly warranty manufacture entirely component 12

13 04 dysfunctional avenger agent The combustion of oxygen ~ and active sending sends that tiny cellular factories of energy to to fight mobilizes move uncontrollably These fierce radicals build built On the other hand, free radicals move uncontrollably through the body, [attacking cells, rusting their proteins, piercing their membranes and corrupting their genetic code] [until the cells become dysfunctional and sometimes give up and die].: attacking cells, rusting ~ proteins, piercing ~ membranes, corrupting ~ code and combustion mobilize infectious agent burst uncontrollably pierce genetic code 05 5,000 2, (A) objects that (B) and Get buy (C) (Throwing things out) hurts To do so often leads to frustration because what you wind up purchasing is an expensive warehouse for your furniture, and that is usually the wrong investment.: To do so leads what condominium belongings fruitless odd investment frustration wind up -ing warehouse consequence 06 13

14 Answers &Explanations 4 (A) spend the winter which (B) without being the fact being known (C) remains have Their stomachs have yielded the bones of a species of fish that has never been seen alive.: have that has ~ alive a species of fish to any great extent sardine mackerel presumably compete significant yield remains inhabit continental shelf 07 find finding it becomes be being that a problem (that you ~ solving) either too Make constant efforts until everyone (whom) you explain your idea to understands it.: you explain your idea to whom everyone colleague consumer constant effort this is all to do with 08 which where 14

15 how music s ability ~ this way might be explained might that that their speed ~ accordingly that drivers ~ music is just as ~, so... Given that music appears to enhance physical and mental skills, are there circumstances where music is damaging to performance?: Given that ~ where (where ~ performance) circumstances It s impossible to know for sure if cats dream just like we do.: know if whisker paw growl purr chase nap adjust routine 10 enhance domain of significance association reckless adjust regularity ongoing (A) growling, purring occasionally (B) saving to to save to save pass (C) the early morning and evenings when Aerobic why establish doing people establish people and train train to referred something referred to as suchsuch a n cf. so a(n) is that that It s not surprising that the demands (that) you make on your body when you ask it to sustain an aerobic activity train your lungs to deliver oxygen and ~.: It that that the demands trainthe demands that which 15

16 Answers &Explanations sustain referred to as enzyme pronounced overlook establish metabolism lean extended 11 New York TimesGuardian (A) some of the dollars spent (B) whatever whatever news (C) following Of course some of this decline in newspaper reading has been due to the fact that we are doing more of our newspaper reading online.that ~ online the fact on the decline migrate access wirelessly migration trail 12 the proscenium of a stage which on which (actors) (appear) Adapting novels be is other other did not encourage filming plays seemed suitable Being a hybrid art as well as a late one, film has always been in a dialogue with other narrative genres. Being ~ one film Since As it is ~ one take ~ for granted recycling adapt respectable novelization barbarous hybrid potent illusionist correspond to distinctive intervention mobility plot adaptation 13 16

17 (A) of these firsts many (B) we can (do) anything to to contain (C) (you re ~ in the profession) knowing And we re hoping you ll be willing to help these students make it through the program.: help (to) make to maneuver desktop publishing program budding compromise generously profession the extrinsic reward is which universities and laboratories in in which breakthroughs ones in that meaning Today, the world of innovation is far different from what it was a century ago.: what what from solitary oversimplify bubble out academia architecture quest extrinsic recognition Deseada fragatas 1762 (A) the part that (B) the Indians who were (C) who 17

18 Answers &Explanations This island is said to have obtained its name from the desire Christopher Columbus felt of seeing land on his second voyage in 1493.: This island say is said to have obtained is said belong to the Lesser Antilles voyage width abound in cavern restore Peace of Paris possession toward them, they are ready to react more quickly than they would without such advance notice.: would react than they would (react) without such advance notice a school of fish flock command determine initiate astounding advance simultaneous is That appears to us as simultaneous That That What may have almost instantly any individual coming the wave Because individuals can see, or sense, the wave coming , ,540 Sitka Sitka (A) a ship traveling (B) where (C) longer even ~, a ship traveling through rough seas lost 12 cargo containers, one of which held 28,800 floating bath toys.: a ship lost adrift float current 18 landfall completely 18

19 possible technical solutions was were were placed It(= One company) its to the other company dividing did solve One company developed what it called a technology shelf, created by a small group of engineers, on which were placed possible technical solutions that other teams might use in the future.: what created a technology shelf that technical solutions open-ended boundary deliberately ambiguous seeming clarity discipline territory 19 (A) is subtle (B) I was certain who (C) that the questions deal dealt ~ no matter how touchy the question, ~: no matter how ~ however ~ deviation subtle obvious acquaintance deal with significantly 20 variation pause abrupt sensitive touchy Malinowski the intimate details of family life observed observing 19

20 Answers &Explanations observing He detailed intricacy in which the way the way how that in which make (fieldwork) sound adventure adopts ~ as he tells it, such observations seem possible and accessible.: seem possible accessible. say what. (B) had read summarize (C) they Asked. (Being) Asked ~ read Being. When (they are) induced to give spoken or written witness to something they doubt, ~.: When be Having said positive things, they also then liked the person more themselves.: having themselves fieldwork hallmark anthropology intricacy anthropologist standing account adventuresome exotic classic intensely adopt go on to routine stroll intimate accessible 21 Tory Higgins (A) that what induce give witness (to) deceit compelling external summarize recipient be prone to adjust alter 22 try, (trying) to (to try). what is 20

21 we (are trapped). to see to. sound(~ ) obvious What is required is not a better diet, but an alternative way to feel comforted and relaxed.: What What is required, not A but B(A B). to feel way to. demonstrably paradox around countless implication resolve replace A with B leaky alternative 23 cor 300 La Rochefoucauld who are daring in taking a wholehearted stand for truth persons achieve. Latin word cor. which a right course of action. to show It. their halfhearted individuals. On the other hand, halfhearted individuals are seldom distinguished for courage ~.: seldom hardly, scarcely, rarely. derive from disapproval hostility contempt unwitnessed indifference wholehearted take a stand halfhearted distinguished welfare 24 (A) sosuch ~ that... ~, imprudent So. (B) try We think. (C) find them occupy occupied We anticipate the future as if we found it too slow in coming and we were trying to hurry it up.: as if (found, were), ( ~ ). hurry ~ up it hurry up. anticipate imprudent belong to arrange certainty wholly shed light on 21

22 Answers &Explanations 25 jack-of-all-trades jack of all trades and master of none jacks of all trades and masters of none be are does is shortened version shortened who those claim advertising became evident 26 It refers to those who claim to be proficient at countless tasks, but cannot perform a single one of them well.: those who ~. who claim cannot perform jack-of-all-trades proficient knowledgeable substantial industrialist self-appointed Potter Potter (A) other another (B) if (C) accepted remarked Mr. Potter explained that ordinarily he never availed himself of that privilege, but he had been to his cabin and had met the man who was to occupy the other bed.: had transatlantic liner cabin accommodation inquire valuable ordinarily avail oneself of 27 Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle George Meredith Meredith Meredith Conan Doyle Meredith Conan Doyle Meredith 22

23 Conan Doyle judged that the fall was a mere slip and could not have hurt Meredith which where cause to to fall Conan Doyle heard ~ behind him as if had far placed (C) keep all the villagers himself Wanting to honor as well as observe him, the villagers prepared a banquet.: Wanting ~ him the villagers legend renowned flawless observe banquet slippery tofu excess propel fling ~ when Conan Doyle heard the old novelist fall behind him.: heard the old novelist fall delicacy occasionally summerhouse stride(-strode-stridden) fiercely instinct humiliation relief 28 (A) the man held his chopsticks how (B) he 23

24 Answers &Explanations 03 빈칸추론 (1) Teflon Post-it 5 HP HP matched to a product Despite its accuracy, there was no clear use for the device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.: Despite its accuracy it the device obvious application innovation slippery synthetic substance cooking utensil coat on the back of potentially profitable breakthrough super-accurate thermometer fluctuation match 02 Edmund Pellegrino Edmund Pellegrino cloud judgment and paralyze choice If a physician identifies too closely as co-sufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be 24

25 done, and of what should be done to meet those needs.: the most precise assessment of ~ wrongof ~ doneof ~ needs empathy sensitivity perspective bioethics identify with objectivity inaction paralyze 03 25% 1960 Abebe Bikila Abebe Bikila Abebe Bikila simplicity Contrast his approach with that of the late Abebe Bikila, the Ethiopian who won the 1960 Olympic Marathon running barefoot.: that the approach who ~ barefoot the Ethiopian recognize excellence flow high-tech world-class constantly hook oneself up to pulse pace keeper good athletic devote A to B external complex contrast barefoot 04 testing it against another set of ideas This approach is the foundation for the modern Western way of life, in which politics, commerce, science, and law are all rooted in orderly competition.: which the modern Western way of life in which where be rooted 25

26 Answers &Explanations contemporary be traced back to golden age lay the foundation(s) for novel pursue rational inquiry evaluate sphere rhetorical supremacy reasoned prompt orderly gaze dominant subordinate restricted humility dictate attentive face back freedom In all cultures [in which eye-gaze behavior has been studied], science confirms [that those who are dominant have more freedom in using it].: all cultures in which where confirms who are dominant that those TV richness of life TV It is very useful [to ensure that scientific measurements are taken accurately and so on], but as far as life is concerned, it is a bit like [turning the color off on your TV so that you see everything in black and white] and then [saying that is more truthful].: to like and so that ~ white objectivity interpretation deliberately ensure measurement as far as ~ concerned turn down 26

27 F. Scott Fitzgerald Crow Plenty Coups Crow (A) confirmation bias Crow opposite (B) Crow rejected It does this by [overvaluing evidence that confirms what we already think or feel] and [undervaluing or simply disregarding evidence that refutes it].: by and that ~ feel that ~ it evidence sensitive to loss Studies have shown that people take longer to leave a parking spot when another driver is waiting, even though they predict they will not.: will not take longer to leave a parking spot childlike parking spot hesitation particularly predict strictly speaking hesitant give up first-rate bias contradiction disregard testimony despair function confront overvalue refute fall to the ground warrior 09 27

28 Answers &Explanations evaluate the relative merits Where wood is harvested and then transported halfway across the globe, the associated energy costs are high, causing a negative impact on the environment.: Where ~ the globe causing ~ environment alternative endangered teak deforestation tropical rainforest fire- and pest-resistance inherent a two-way street But its cultivation (like that of other plants) prompted people to adopt a new lifestyle based on farming.: cultivation that domesticate n. domestication bargain abundant prompt pain in the neck zero-sum game

29 snowballs into a big ball of daily disasters While there s plenty of research that shows that people who work with the muscles above their neck create all kinds of stresses for themselves, it s the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how) who can manage the day-to-day problems more easily.: research that plenty of research shows that shows it s ~ who... the people who focus on the why of their jobs (as opposed to the what and the how) tedious annoyance struggle roadblock as opposed to maintenance disrupt flip side align with belittle (A) update (B) indecision On the other hand, reevaluating our alternatives after making a decision increases our commitment to the action taken and keeps us moving forward.: reevaluating ~ a decision increases keeps option concur with second-guess insanity interfere with halt reevaluate commitment indecision update 12 Michele Jenny 13 29

30 Answers &Explanations people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given time(bottleneck) amount quantity It is known that people are extremely limited in the amount of information that they can process at any given time.: It that people ~ time that (that they ~ time) information limited bottleneck appealing restrict passageway 14 lost in groups Consider how often you ve passed someone who is pulled over on the side of the road with car trouble.: how ~ trouble Consider how often you have passed who (who ~ trouble) someone pull over justify corporation set up assign organization individual excuse a net cooling across entire regions Instead of trapping warm air in the atmosphere like carbon dioxide, fine particles like sulfate reflect the 30

31 sun s light and heat.: Instead of trapping like notorious sulfate depletion droplet 16 emission respiratory particle a scientific finding being distorted However, none of this has stopped eager parents spurred on by fantastic claims from unethical companies from purchasing Mozart CDs for their babies.: stop+ +from -ing warrant selection spatial reasoning jigsaw replicate stimulation spur 17 (A) reduce (B) cheaper When a company comes out with a new product, its competitors typically go on the defensive, doing whatever they can to reduce the odds that the offering will eat into their sales.: whatever anything that that that ~ sales the odds product competitor on the defensive odds offering 31

32 Answers &Explanations channel expansion misguided conventional wisdom underlying by comparison adjust 18 (I never see her.) visible Getting out of the office and mixing with employees is a simple solution to a very common trust problem.: is look on the positive side If your supporting comments outweigh the critical ones, the other person will feel reassured that you re considering their idea and is likely to be more receptive to what you say.: the other person will feel is reject normal avenue squash defensively argument hostile deliberately negative supporting outweigh receptive to employee organizational barrier to perception higher-up

33 Marlborough 15 Blenheim Sword in the Stone T.H. White hurry So, for that matter, is the creation of a great painting, or an entrée, or a book, or a building like Blenheim Palace, which took the Duke of Marlborough s architects and laborers 15 years to construct.: which Blenheim Palace honorable procrastination may well parliamentary deliberation entrée mellow marinate marinade assassin devour by all means contain stores up Where denial and suppression occur, there comes the danger that in doing so the individual stores up anger and resentment.here there the danger comes that ~ resentment the danger curb restraint constitute adopt discipline suppress infect resentment Blue Celeste 33

34 Answers &Explanations means nothing to the dogs To describe what happens to common resources as a result of human greed, Garrett Hardin used the example of an area of pasture on which all the cattle-owners are permitted to graze their animals free of charge.to describe ~ greed to what ~ greed on which an area of pasture The fact that the ground is wet and there are mud puddles dotting the landscape means nothing to the dogs. The fact means that ~ landscape The fact greed graze deterioration consequently maximize pasture charge fraction inevitable exceed affect external circumstance in a flash dash out puddle splash Garrett Hardin (A) maximize (B) exceed overcome [Any fleeting thoughts suggesting that we might be at fault] typically are overcome by more powerful selfjustifying thoughts ~.: Any ~ fault thoughts are are overcome irrationally reasonable challenge 34

35 make sense fleeting at fault recognize self-serving self-deceptive justify typically innate Thomas Hobbes 25 celebrating, rather than suppressing, individuality in kids Today, more and more parents shrug their shoulders, saying it s okay, maybe even something special.: saying ~ special more and more parents tend panic shrug one s shoulders discourage isolated kindergartener accommodate vegetarian stamp mold conformity Hobbes Hobbes Hobbes (A) pain (B) pleasure When asked by a friend if he would have done the same had there been no religious dictum or philosophical principle about helping the needy, Hobbes replied that he would.if had there been if if there had been if had there been philosopher come upon generous dictum principle relieve give to charities

36 Answers &Explanations leak away Water evaporating from the oceans may set off a runaway greenhouse effect that turns Earth into a damp version of Venus, wrapped permanently in a thick, white blanket of cloud.: wrapped Earth Earth wrap core contract degree evaporate runaway damp permanently blanket transformation shelter break down place limits on our worries Our anxiety is not about something specific, but more of a sense that unknown and uncertain possibilities may be out of sight far ahead.: A B not A, but B that ~ far ahead a sense cliff specific torch unarticulated 29 seize out of sight vague sensibly 28 36

37 (A) forget (B) accept ~ the more they get to know a people, the more they forget how to see what is typical and distinctive about it.: the the what it a people When parents are required to judge their children, it is perhaps their customary thoughtlessness that makes them judge so mistakenly.: it is ~ that... perhaps their customary thoughtlessness makes them judge so mistakenly perhaps their customary thoughtlessness it is ~ that... makes judge notice grasp distinctive trait up close farsighted thoughtlessness % active What you do in the 15 to 30 minutes after eating your evening meal sends powerful signals to your metabolism.: What sends metabolism vigor 31 set the stage intensity potential sources of valuable information ~, we open ourselves up to new possibilities in our lives.: inform acknowledge surround likelihood shrink 37

38 Answers &Explanations 32 agricultural production By the end of the Roman Imperium, however, Italy had been stripped of forest cover.: By the end of the Roman Imperium numerous explanation fall fertility yield imperium strip convert pastureland clear deforestation barren deterioration infrastructure Lucé confidence in the claim In each instance, you communicated the extent to which you wanted to qualify your claim, to guard yourself by restricting the extent to which you are willing to be held accountable for the claim.: to which the extent identical context chef comparable scrutiny knowledgeable qualify Lucé 38

39 illiteracy In other words, if we the ordinary people are to keep pace with science, we need more science writers, and more science writing that is clear, wise and eloquent, and that demands to be read.: be to that is ~ that demands ~ more science writing Reddox broaden its appeal later on Although people who belong to the same age group differ in many other ways, they do tend to share a set of values and common cultural experiences that they carry throughout life.: who ~ group people people differ gist sufficient keep pace with eloquent exclude defensively shrug off exclusive realm relevance term plain complicated 35 Reddox PGA European Tour marketer initially aggressively bar core audience context hand out commuter cab driver alert 36 39

40 Answers &Explanations (A) tension(b) collapse Companies that change constantly but without any consistent rationale will collapse just as surely as those that change not at all.: those Companies that ~ all those pursue foster evolve adaptation inherently enduring adhere modify rationale practice made them, for a single ceremonial moment, emblems of intimacy rather than commerce.: a decontaminating mechanism that removed made give way to manufacturer precisely intimate disguise invest with retailer decontaminate William Waits 20 Waits intimacy Gift-wrapping, in Waits s acute term, became a decontaminating mechanism that removed the presents from the normal flow of bought-and-sold goods and promptness To stop being late, all one has to do is change the motivation by deciding that in all circumstances being on time is going to have first priority over any other consideration.: stop being late by deciding ~ that being on time, going ~ consideration as a general rule motivation priority 40

41 presto lifelong latecomer squeeze in enormously good turn close-knit charity chances are (that) ~ 39 Richard Dawkins instinct genes giving to charity Modern societies are much less close-knit and ~.: much Modern societies When humans lived in small clan-based groups theory presume evolutionary natural selection feel pity for (= take pity on) clan pay back 40 (A) selfishness (B) everybody else You are the only person that matters; it is your sense of pleasure that you are trying to please.: the only person that it is ~ that... please your sense of pleasure maximize strategy egocentric take ~ into account greedy brute get out of control selfishness selflessness 41

42 Answers &Explanations 41 Gerald Wilkinson Wilkinson Gerald Wilkinson mutual insurance system ~ biologist Gerald Wilkinson found that, when vampire bats return to their communal nests from a successful night s foraging, they frequently vomit blood and share it with other nest-mates, including even non-relatives.: biologist Gerald Wilkinson found that found that when vampire bats return ~, they frequently vomit ~ communal frequently vomit nest-mate donor surplus starvation relatively insensitivity Throughout Earth s history, an estimated 3 million to 100 million species have disappeared, which means that this year somewhere between three and a hundred species will vanish.: have disappeared 3 million to 100 million species have which corrupt component tow truck wiring circuit vanish extinction ecosystem drastic 43 42

43 team I unquestioned acceptance extreme conformity This type of overdoing-it-deviance is dangerous, but it is grounded in completely different social dynamics from the dynamics that occur in the antisocial deviance enacted by alienated young people who reject commonly accepted rules and expectations.: it This type of overdoing-it-deviance that ~ expectations the dynamics who ~ expectations alienated young people deviance norm be committed to -ing overdo grounded dynamics enact 44 controls ~ you have involved yourself in his work so deeply that doing away with you would bring him great difficulty, or at least would mean valuable time lost in training another to replace you.: so that... that doing away with you would bring would mean or ultimate grant untouchable involve do away with 45 43

44 Answers &Explanations moving in the wind Along with this interesting finding, scientists have also concluded that, due to their greater range of motion, flowers with long, thin stalks attract more insects.: due to ~ that that flowers with long, thin stalks without being able to say how one knows Fittingly so, sometimes true genius simply cannot be put into words.:put ~ into words true genius subconsciously philosopher intuition fittingly genius option elaborately petal static counterpart stalk 46 Blaise Pascal 19 Carl Friedrich Gauss 44

45 04 빈칸추론 (2) Avenbury the color of other floras nearby should be considered Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited them seemed to have a marked preference for blue, after which came white, yellow, red, green and orange.: Placing ~ shades he which ~ them the insects after which ~ orange and after it(= blue) came white, yellow, red, green and orange shade preference pollination prime tame mustard nectar pollen yield objective John Kenneth Galbraith The individual s participation in mass behavior patterns not a spontaneous reaction to random forces 45

46 Answers &Explanations Within this deployment of power, commercia media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy.: that ~ the economy ensures that ~ the economy values and beliefs ensure match engage in severe 03 adopt mass operate condition Similarly by allowing a filmmaker to treat a film image as an oil painting The switch to oils greatly liberated painters by allowing them to quickly create much larger compositions as well as to modify them as long as necessary.: by -ing allowing them to quickly create to modify B as well as A A B them paintersthem compositions compare A to B shift fresco tempera modify image rework painstaking composition redefine equate A with B integrate 04 46

47 impact other product or service functions ~, but they may not have thought about how hard that tiny phone will be to use.: may have how ~ use about how hard it will be to use that tiny phone to that tiny phone outcome lightweight get through feature turn out worthless 05 carpenter saw impact had arrived with only a subset of technologies This may explain why Australian aboriginal technology, although it developed and elaborated steadily over the ensuing millennia, was lacking in so many features of the Old World ~.why explain Australian aboriginal technology was lackingalthough ~ millennia crucially vanguard aboriginal elaborate ensuing Old World elastic regress dense 06 47

48 Answers &Explanations can reinforce unequal and unjust relationships This process creates an illusion of neutrality and implies a transcendence of the pitfalls and inequalities commonly associated with policymaking.: commonly associated with policymaking the pitfalls and inequalities the pitfalls and inequalities associate associated policymaking implementation utilitarian rationality dominant social construction supposedly diminish illusion neutrality pitfall perspective input degenerative expertise utility empirically run counter to 07 auditory looming intentionally see and hear the world inaccurately This intentional error functions as an advance warning system, [manned by the self-protection subself], [providing individuals with a margin of safety] when they are confronted with potentially dangerous approaching objects.: an advance warning system This intentional error bias irrational auditory looming rhesus monkey intentional advance warning system manned by subself margin rhinoceros natural selection inhibit 08 48

49 violating the code of intellectual conduct that defines him as a scientist When science speaks to others, it is no longer science, and the scientist becomes or has to hire a publicist who dilutes the exactness of mathematics.: a publicist becomes hire a publicist who ~ mathematics overcome frictionless so to speak ambivalent mathematize resort to salesmanship publicist dilute reverse rhetorical vagueness metaphor 09 Hardin results in a negative outcome to the collective interest of all drivers At some point, however, each car reduces the average speed, and eventually there are so many drivers that the traffic slows to a crawl.: so ~ that... 49

50 Answers &Explanations commons eventually crawl minimize add up to commute on a global scale befall overfished scarcity compatible 10 A tricks the mind into thinking the goal has been achieved When participants envisioned the most positive outcome, their energy levels, as measured by blood pressure, dropped, and they reported having a worse experience with the actual event than those who had conjured more realistic or even negative visions.: as ~ pressure their energy levels dropped those who evaluate unfold envision conjure accomplish drain incentive be better off surmount obstacle render 11 when an alternative symbol system is employed When (they are) confronted by a seemingly simple 50

51 pointing task, where their desires are put in conflict with outcomes, chimpanzees find it impossible to exhibit subtle self-serving cognitive strategies in the immediate presence of a desired reward.: +be they are where ~ outcomes a seemingly simple pointing task be confronted by subtle self-serving treat adjacent subject withhold substitute alternate proportional to 12 cannot correctly identify the flavor The sense of sight is so highly developed in humans that messages received from other senses are often ignored if they conflict with what is seen.: so ~ that... appealing overlook conflict tint instantly identify 13 the outcome is inevitable Suppose (that) a survivor from an airplane crash with severe injuries struggles for days through the jungle but dies just before reaching a village.: Suppose that a survivor struggles dies struggle alternative console severity 51

52 Answers &Explanations antecedent conditional semifactual counterfactual intriguing paradox straighten out rear one s (ugly) head restore 14 has been exceeded only by the impossibility of finding it Should chaos rear its ugly head, the leader was expected to restore normality immediately.: If If chaos should ~ yield to definitive extent 15 to grow their own soil Plants know how to attract to their own rotting only those microorganisms and earthworms that will produce beneficial minerals for the soil where the plants siblings will grow.: attract only those microorganisms and earthwormsto their own rotting where the soil self-sufficient researcher consume fungi fungus 52

53 attract microorganism earthworm beneficial sibling concentrate apparently critically compensatory deviate dip compensate refrain from inclined to give in to 16 to balance their self-image As they try to maneuver through times of guilt and austerity, marketers seek tactics that they hope will overcome consumers guilt and negative self-regard and will as a result revive consumption.: that tactics they hope that maneuver marketer tactic self-regard revive engage in 17 creating a space for people to tell you what they mean As she explained her struggles and feelings, I tried to figure out what exactly was bothering her.: figure out what exactly was bothering her what figure out bother reassure recoil bridge simulate 53

54 Answers &Explanations =8 Martin Gardner They have an existence independent from us Numbers and mathematics exist whether humans know about them or not. / ~ four dinosaurs are now in the clearing, whether or not humans are around to appreciate this fact.: whether ~ or not physical clearing state appreciate Sherman emit alarm calls less frequently than do native females This asymmetry translates into females who warn close kin by emitting alarm calls, while males generally do not emit calls since their dispersal from their natal areas means their blood kin typically do not benefit from such a warning. while since their blood ~ a warning means natal relative kin kinship dispersal asymmetry emit hypothesis 19 Belding 20 54

55 Superficial analogies between the eye and a camera Only in terms of the physics of image formation do the eye and camera have anything in common.only be do the eye and camera do liken misleading perception entail adjust sensitive layer cast retina obscure fundamental analogy , ,000 The cultural horse comes before the genetic cart Moreover, genes would undoubtedly have changed during the human revolution after 200,000 years ago, but more in response to new habits than as causes of them. would have sophisticated evolution undoubtedly revolution mutation gut vice versa retain lactose digestion process 22 55

56 Answers &Explanations *Rests would be history. rest rest The rest is history. notes are more important than rests In fact, it is a common saying among experienced musicians that a full measure of rest can hold more music than a full measure of blistering notes.it that ~ notes That situation is fraught with inefficiency and high labor costs, since all four trades must be scheduled together, with at least three people watching while the fourth is at work. with estimate multiply A by B labor rate personnel tinsmith electrician millwright unbolt mount inefficiency 24 misconception misinterpret reference point baseline measure note pun discernible texture blistering 23 coordination problems where multiple crafts are involved inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses 56

57 So we drive around in circles, inventing and rejecting successive hypotheses about where to find the scenic vistas that would entertain and enlighten the tourists.: inventing and rejecting that ~ tourists the scenic vistas tough out compass grain metaphor humanity fake principle geography empirical arrogant embarrassed scenic vista enlighten 25 social support from a loved one helps reduce stress Holding the hand of an unknown man reduced the response a little, on the average, but not as much as holding the husband s hand.: as as not not as much as ~ routine meditation distraction deal with demonstrate measurement moderately correspond to 26 the continuity, or at least the rapid restoration, of service 57

58 Answers &Explanations Consequently, it is of the utmost importance to government, business, and the public at large that the flow of services [provided by a nation s infrastructure] continues unimpeded in the face of a broad range of natural and technological hazards.: it that that ~ hazards that provided ~ infrastructure services provided the flow that continues ~, it is actually the loss of services [that these systems provide] that is the real loss to the public.: it is ~ that... the loss ~ provide it is that [that ~ provide] services lifeline infrastructure rely on recovery utmost at large unimpeded hazard linkage transmission priority political structure, by itself, does not determine political content ~ democracies can and typically are distinguished in terms of the extent to which they are socially oriented as opposed to individualistically oriented.: which to to which ~ oriented the extent take on flavor dictatorship brutal benevolent anarchy as opposed to individualistically oriented

59 their involvement will somehow affect the outcome of the toss If the coin is tossed and the outcome is concealed, people will offer lower amounts when (they are) asked for bets.: when asked when they are asked they are be overconfident the case heads conceal stock outcome coin toss tails perception weed out those that do not fit the evidence Often in social scientific practice, even where evidence is used, it is not used in the correct way for adequate scientific testing.: where social scientific practice practice affirm instance uphold conflicting empirical distinctive falsify confirm If you can take a different angle from the rest of the class in a paper, you re more likely to impress your professors 59

60 Answers &Explanations Variety is the spice of life If I assign fifty students a five-page essay on the subject of why the Roman Empire fell, most of them are likely to say it was a combination of economic and social causes ultimately leading to a weakening of the frontiers.: it why ~ fell leading ~ frontiers a combination ~ causes assign combination ultimately frontier tricky risky back up solely persuasive reasoning argument potential objection brevity mighty ~ it was the table with fewer samples that led to the most sales.: it was ~ that... the table with fewer samples assess aggravate overabundance at one s disposal realm relevant clutter overload avoidance selection abundant complicated immediate shortage trustworthy fatigue indeterminacy complexity 31 Microsoft Difficulty in assessing information 32 60

61 we glimpse a bit more of the overall pattern of nature ~, so that the more clues we solve, the easier we find it to fill in the missing features: comma(,) so that find it to fill ~ features uncover regularity algorithmic compression raw data exhibit explicit crack fundamental considerable ingenuity coherent entirety stay in England ~ in the south of England, the balance of advantage against disadvantage is so delicate that while some migrate to Spain and Portugal, the majority normally stay in England.:so that... that while hazard migration range starvation outweigh temporary superabundance ensure migrate migratory 34 a number of clear drops can dilute one red drop 61

62 Answers &Explanations As your experiences with that person grow, the drops accumulate and the pool deepens.: As and reputation asset demoralize stain accumulate interaction dilute wash away A genuinely educated person can express himself tersely and trimly.: express himself A genuinely educated person paradox get the idea across big words resent impress clarify arrogance long-winded genuinely tersely trimly imbricate edge overlap arrangement sepal 35 imbricate imbricate it keeps you from being long-winded the former approximates to zero and the latter to infinity 0 62

63 So far as you are wholly concentrated on bringing about a certain result, clearly the quicker and easier it is brought about the better.: the the so far as bring about resolve secure sufficiency induce weary till tend livestock in abundance spare be better off transaction execution asset the former approximate the latter infinity justify exact conditionally 37 Solomon Asch. Asch 12 Asch 70 caved in to group pressure Psychologist Solomon Asch wanted to discover whether people s tendency to agree with their peers was stronger than their tendency toward independent thought and rational judgment.: whether whether people s tendency was tendency peer rational judgment assemble visual perception segment obvious secretly instruct subject as it turned out cave in to 38 may be reluctant to think properly Few places are more conducive to internal conversations than a moving plane, ship, or train.: 63

64 Answers &Explanations midwife conducive to internal peculiar correlation introspective reflection be liable to stall help along reluctant paralyze on demand mimic be charged with a line of trees It is a fundamental mistake to imagine that when we see the non-value in a value or the untruth in a truth, the value or the truth ceases to exist.: to imagine It that imagine fundamental cease relative rest on inner polarity phenomenon equilibrate in favor of exaggeration onesidedness in so far as universally indubitable fatal as much of an exaggeration as the earlier onesideness we need to take our time However, people are unaware of this phenomenon and live under the illusion that when they are experiencing time pressure, they are also more creative.: that ~ creative the illusion 64

65 frustration unaware phenomenon illusion pervasive account for squeeze in (into) 41 success divided by pretensions equals self-esteem To give up pretensions is as blessed a relief as to get them gratified.: as ~ as... To give up pretensions to get them gratified 42 there is no nature on the planet at all Prehistoric peoples changed their surrounding ecosystems, whether by installing orchards in the Amazon or by hunting many large mammals to extinction in North America.: whether A or B A B by installing ~ by hunting ~ or realm unhindered barrier island by extension extinction profoundly food chain humiliation back actuality potentiality entail pretension gratify 65

66 Answers &Explanations 43 brings multiple perspectives to bear on ~ the most salient feature of actual flesh-and-blood (as opposed to ridiculously idealized) individual moral agents is surely the fact that every moral agent brings multiple perspectives to bear on every moral problem situation.: the most salient featurefeature be is that ~ situation the fact salient moral agent uncontested uncontroversial flesh-and-blood as opposed to ridiculously multiple perspective bear on one-size-fits-all 44 David Lahti 200 having a similar pattern is no longer so much of an advantage Researchers have come to understand how the African village weaverbird prevents itself from being taken advantage of by cuckoos it is all down to the speckles on the eggs.: understand how ~ by cuckoos prevent from -ing the African village weaverbird itself village weaverbird take advantage of cuckoo spot 66