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1
2 : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( )
3 21.,,,..,,. IMF.,,,, %
4 ,,,. 21. ( )
5 i <> ( ) ( ) <> 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) < > 175 <S umma ry> 177
6 ii < 1> 12 < 2> 26 < 3> 30 < 4> 31 < 5> 31 < 6> 33 < 7>, 34 < 8> ( 78 98) 35 < 9> 37 < 10> 39 < 11> 40 < 12> 41 < 13> 43 < 14> 44 < 15> 45 < 16> 46 < 17> 46 < 18> 49 < 19> R&D 50 < 20> 55 < 21> ( ) 68
7 iii < 22> 73 < 23> 74 < 24> 75 < 25> 77 < 26> 80 < 27> 84 < 28> 89 < 29> 91 < 30> 92 < 31> 94 < 32> 95 < 33> (90 ) 97 < 34> KT 99 < 35> 100 < 36> 101 < 37> 105 < 38> 110 < 39> 111 < 40> 114 < 41> 114 < 42> 115 < 43> 116 < 44> 118 < 45> ( ) 121
8 iv < 1> 14 < 2> 29 < 3> ( ) 64 < 4> () 67 < 5> 69 < 6> 103
9 R&D -,, -, -,, -, () 2. < 1 > - 1 ( ) < 2 > ( ) -
10 2 ( ), ( ), - - ( ), ( ). < 3 > ,,,
11 3 3. ( ) (1) -,, (2) - (3) (4) - (, ), ( ) - () - (5) ( ) - (
12 4 ) - (6) (KT ) KT (7) - - (8) - - (9) -,, -, (10) - -
13 5 (11),, - ( ),, (12) - (13) -
14 ,... WTO., IMF
15 8..,,,, (1994.3) ( ).,,, ( )
16 ( ), ( ). 2. IMF.
17 ( ) ,, , 1,062, 100, 870, 30, 19, 72, 119, 163, ,,
18 2 11 1/ 4. 1). ( 94),,.,,,,,,,,.,,,. 39, ),, 1999, (1994)
19 12 < 1>,,,, (6), (6),, (13) (3) (3) (4),,, (6),, (6),,, (4), (2) (2) (16), (1) (3) (2), (5) (2),, (3),,,, (7),, (7) (16),,, (9),,,, (3) (6),, (1) (6),, (5)
20 2 13 (48),,,,,,,,,,, (18), (3),,,, (15), (2) (4) (2) (1) (18) ,,, (4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (17) :, ( ),
21 14 < 1> (67,91) (97) (72,94) (73,98) (94) (83,95) (89,95) (98) (98) (73,83) (79,91) (73,95) (89) (86) (58,95,96) (69,95) (75) (80,95) (93) (92) (61,96) (86) (91,96) (93,99) (91,94) : 2). (1948 ) ), 30, 1997, (1994),,, 1996,,,
22 2 15., (66 ) , ,,,..
23 16,, (choice of appropriate technology)..., ( ) (,,,, ) ,,
24 ,,, Industrial Target Tech - nology Target. ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) 7
25 ,,, ,,,,, ,,,.,,
26 , , ,.. (1983),,,,,., (1986), (1986), (1987), (1991), (1992) ( ), ( ), ( ),
27 20 WTO (Agreem ent on Technical Barriers to Trade : TBT ) WTO ISO/ IEC., (97 ), 85 99, (),,,,,,,,. 80.
28 , ,,..,,.., ( 58), ( 58), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 62), ( 63), ( 63), ( 63), ( 63), ( 66), ( 66), ( 67), ( 67), ( 67), ( 69), ( 70).
29 22,,,, : ,,, - 2 : : : : : ,, 20.,,,
30 2 23,, , 2 4, 93 6., 26 (99.1) 28, 22 (99. 1) 19, 18 (97. 1) 32, 11 (95. 12)., , 14.6% Penalty.., 30,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,
31 , , 4, 2 3.,,,,,,,, , , 34, 4, 8, 7, 16 2,
32 2 25 5,, 10 2, 5 3, 6 (, ) 11., ,,,. 80%. 30.,,, 13 (), 8 ( ), 28 (), 30 ( ), 6 ( ), 11 ( ).,.., 5, 64 ( ).
33 26 < 2> , 2 6.,
34 2 27..,,,,,,..,,,,,,...,.. (1)
35 , , 911,000, 95 2,000, ,000, 98 4,000, , , , ,800. 4,629 (5.1%), 27,451 (30.5%), 53,210 (59.2%), 4,512 (5.0%). 82 1, ,000. IMF % 8 9,
36 2 29 < 2> : IMF ( ) , , (G7 ),,,,,
37 30,, 8,., , , , , ,309 9,731 (69.3%), 1,999 (14.2%), 2,113 (15.1%), 169 (1.4%), 92 20%. 7,079 (31.3%)., 54.0%. 2,443 (10.8%), 2,193 (9.7%), 1,861 (8.2%), 1,844 (8.1%)., 90. < 3> ( :, ) , ,399 2,000 2,077 4, ,383 2,543 2,661 5, ,353 4,418 3,208 7,
38 , ,014, ,,. < 4> ( : (% )) 18,794 (66.7) 5,414 (19.2) 1,627 (5.8) : 397 (1.4) 2 (0.0) 1,937 (6.9) 28,171 (100.0) < 5> ( ) KIST KAIST Energy BioSystems Co.( ) Air King Industrial Co., Ltd.( ) Stollberger Metallwerke( ) 2 () 2 ( ) : $20,000 : 2% : $150,000 : 5% $20,000 30,653 1/ 2 $276,300 ( ) $15,000 KAAUYU ( ) $350,000 South West KAERL/ SwRI Research Institute( ) Smithkline Beecham Co.( ) $300,000 : $2,100 : 3 5%
39 32 ( ) Baker Chemitronics( ) Yamanouchi ( ) Zeneca Agrochimcals( ) / Tandem( ) (YH439) : Grelan Pharmaceutical Co. ( ) : $383 : 1 2% : 310,200 : 4.5% : $100 : 2% JANUS 4% SPIFF 5% : $200 : 5%, 2,825 ( 2,036, 789 ), 1,126 ( 796, 330 ) 39.7% ,577, 7,611 27, , ,345.,.., ,,,,, 89 5,,
40 , 93 6, 94 8, 95 5, 96 3, 97 1, 98 2, < 6> ( : ) NO ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) L 3 PVC AM507 ( ) 27m ( ) ( ) LAN BRIDGE(QEB4000L) ( ) PVC 970 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) EDTA ( ) ( )KMW RF COAXIAL SWITCH LG ( ) ( ) (Compia-9400) ( ) ( ) : 52m 312 1, , ,469 1, (2 ),, (3 ) (2 ) (2 ) ( ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (2 ) (3 ) (2 ), (2 ), (3 ), (3 ) (3 ), (3 ) (3 ) (3 ),, (3 ) (2 ),, (2 ), (2 ), (3 ), (3 ), (2 ),, (3 ), (2 ) (2 ) (3 ), (3 ), (2 ),
41 / 4,. 2 (KT : Excellent Korean Technology Mark). KT , , , , , , (99 ). < 7>, ( :, % ) (69.2) 101(70.6) 70(63.6) 63(44.7) 63(43.2) 53(40.8) 38(27.7) 456(49.9) 38(35.2) 42(29.4) 40(36.4) 72(51.1) 79(54.1) 77(59.2) 97(70.8) 445(48.6) 2(1.9) - - 6(4.2) 4(2.7) - 2(1.5) 14(1.5) 108(100) 143(100) 110(100) 141(100) 146(100) 130(100) 137(100) 915(100) : , , , , 97 71,
42 , IMF., MPEG.. < 8> (78 98) ( : ) 78~79 80~ , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,529.2 :
43 36 10 ( )., 30% , 226, 2,322 ( 1,702, 620 ), 1,051 ( 793, 258 ) ,,,. 50% (50% ),. 1, 2 3,, 3 ( ) 44 ( 14 ), ( 46 ) 33, 30 63
44 ( ) < 9> ( ) ,039, , ,440 1,040, ,244-2,080,241 1,300, , , ,994 1,217,988 44(14) ,611,994 2,299,963 4,911,957 ( ) ,000 40,000 80, ,163 41,163 82, , ,024 1,261,964 : ( ,315,097 1,327,181 2,642,278 76(46) ,318,097 3,018,150 6,336,247 ) , COCOM ( ) 9, ( ). 21, 3945,,,
45 38.. (2),,,., ( ),,, (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. ). 3, 4, 7, 8 8,, 3. 3%( 4%, 5%).
46 2 39 < 10> 3, ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) - ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) - ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) 73 R&D , ,
47 40 1,516,323 (160) 110,732 (311) 1,627,054 (471) < 11> ( :, ) ,143,626 (158) 183,368 (328) 1,326,994 (486) 896,393 (149) 246,547 (328) 1,142,940 (580) 1,684,350 (128) 291,605 (590) 1,975,955 (718) :,, 999,680 (154) 81,496 (262) 1,082,176 (416) 865,128 (156) 108,082 (259) 973,210 (415) 715,448 (155) 90,480 (312) 805,928 (467) 1,255,288 (132) 155,551 (486) 1,410,839 (618),, (1, 2, 5 ) , 74, ,,,, 82, 86. (96 ),,
48 < 12> < > ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( ) %( 5%) (,.) % 5% ( 15%, 10%) % ( 109 ) ( 282 ),, < > , ( 6, 119, 120, ( ) ),, 5,,, 50%, 2 75% ( 1 2) 410%, 5 40%, 6 70%
49 42 ( 12 ) ( 18 ) ,, 50% ( ) ( 19 ) %, %, 1230% ( 26 ) ( 27 ) % %. ( ) < > , ( 73 ). ( 12 ) :,, , ,,,
50 2 43.,, 46.7%, 36.2%, 32.7%. (2.6%), (4.3%), (4.8%), (5.1%). < 13> ( :, ) , , , , , ,471 (474) (604) (614) (680) (877) (290) 21,615 44,359 40,896 34,503 34,751 13,890 (189) (251) (248) (251) (268) (76) 26,420 9, ,010 2,059 (46) (21) (12) (8) (17) (19) 1,019 6,539 1, ,732 5,297 (23) (26) (20) (21) (17) (14) 2,899 (46) 6,640 (80) 14,556 (62) 12,316 (72) 8,570 (68) 7,258 (38) :,,..
51 , IMF < 14> ( ) ( $) (%) ( ) ( ) ,201 1,435 1,690 1,980 2,270 2,610 3,060 3, ( ) :, ( 4,685 ( )), ( 14,397 ( )) ( 457 ( )),,,. (
52 2 45 )( 5 ( 2 ) ) 5. (99 ) 65.1%, ,7601,429 (38.0%), 27.5%.,,. < 15> ( : ) ,108 1,233 1,429 1, , ,002 1,154 1,328 1,535 1,765 1,840 1,486 2,051 : 92 98, 99 :,..,,,,..
53 46 < 16> ( : ) 98 99,,, 14,000 5, , ,734 1,297 4,330 2,827-3,301-2,531 -,, :,, ,662 7,500 2,298 1,571 5,100 2,867 3,585 2, ( ). < 17> (99 ) (1 2 ) (4 ) ( )(7,500 ) ( )(1,500 ) ( )(300 ) : % : %, :,, 1999
54
55 ,.,.., (de facto standard) (lock - in).., (core com p etence)..,.,.,,,
56 3 49 (CSP)... ( ). ( ), N eeds. < 18> ( :, : ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) (WTO ) ((, )) ( ), (Catch-up) Seed Need ( ) (, ) ( ) (Specialist) (Integration), (Speed) (General Specialist)
57 50., (hierachy ), (flat ),.., R&D. 1,000 24, 344, 81 (81 ), GDP R&D 9.. < 19> R&D R&D R&D/ GDP 1,015 ( ,858 ) 24 (5, ,438 ) 344 (7 2,415) 81 (46 (81) 3,760 (98) ) 58 (1, ,000 (94) ) 67% 23% (97) 0.3% 2.89% (97),. 3 R&D. (KT)..,.,
58 3 51., (). (, ),,,,,,,.,.,,. 27,..
59 ,. ( ), ( ) 1.., 2,. 99 2, ( ) 2.,
60 ( ) WTO, UR, GR, TR, ,,,, , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 34, ,... OECD (Innovation) R&D 1/ 3., R&D Chain Reaction Mod el.
61 54 R&D..,,,.., ,,,. 90,.
62 3 55 < 20> (G7 ) 10
63 , 97, 99.. ( )..,,,,,.. -,,, -,,, -,,,,, -,,,, -
64 3 57,, (98. 4) (99. 1)(99. 1).,..,, ,.,,,,,.
65 ,.., , , 4. -.
66 3 59 ( ) 3 2 (, ), Global Standard -, - - ( )
67 60 2 ( ) ( ). ( ),.., ( ) ( ).. ( ) ( ).. (1). 3..., 21
68 ,..,,.,,
69 62. ( ) ( )
70 4 ( ) 63 4 ( ) ,,,,. 2,,,, 1,,,.. 1 ( ).,..,,,.
71 64 ( ),,, 1. ( ).,,,. < 3>. < 3> ( ) 1 2 (2 )
72 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 1 ) ( ),,., , % % DRAM 4,500., M &A,
73 66. ( ),,,. 2 2 ( ). 1., , Id ea (know ledge). Peter Drucker 3) = /,. 3),,, P
74 4 ( ) S.J. ( ) Chain - link m odel. < 5> () :,, 1992 : D=Development, K=Knowledge, R=research, C=Chain, F=feedback, I=Initiation. < 2 ( ) >,.
75 68 < 2 1> ( ) ( ) UILab AD LG LG ( ) AMA : , , ( ) ,.. (Intellectu al Prop erty Rights) S/ W,,
76 4 ( ) 69,, ( ). (Agreem ent on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) (Copyright and Related rights), (Tradem ark), (Geographical Indications), (Indu strial Designs), (Patents), (Layout- Design (top ographics) of Integrated Circuits), (Undisclosed Inform ation). 4) (Trade Secret). < 5> : (1993) 4),, 1996
77 ( ) ( ) ( ). 4 ( ) ( ), 22.
78 4 ( ) 71 < 3 ( )> 3 ( ), ( ) , 1.. 5) ,759 5) ( ) (, 1997, P.115) (, 1998, P.129).
79 ( ) , 14, 15, 17, ,, ,426,, 1 9,582, 1 8, 22,030, 4 5.( ) 3, , 86.
80 4 ( ) 73. < 22> 15 ( ). 5 ( ) ,. 18 ( ) ( ),. [ , , ] [ )
81 74 14 ( ). ( ) ( ). [ , ] [ , ] 12 ( ). < 23> 6 6 ( )
82 4 ( ) ,., 9 ( )() 10 1 ( ),. 3 (,,, ) 52.,,.. < 24> 16 ( ).. 19 ( ).
83 76 19 () ( ). [ ]. 14 ( )..,. 13 ( ) ( ),,. 7 7 ( ),..., Post Doc, Brain Pool,,
84 4 ( ) 77 IMF.,,,,. 81..,,,. < 25> 18 ( ).,,. 8 ( ),,,. 6 ( )....
85 78. 1, 2 4, ( ) 1 ( ) 44 1, 71 2, [ ] 1. (. ) (. ) 2. ( ) ( ) ( )., [ ] 6 ( ).. [ , ] ,
86 4 ( ) ( ) ( ). [ , ] [ , ] 2 2,. [ , ]. [ , ] 8 ( ). 11 ( ),, ( ),,. 1.
87 80 10,,,, (KIN ITI, ) D/ B.. D/ B,,,. < 26> 10 ( ), ( ) ( )
88 4 ( ) ( )., 1. ( ). [ ] 7 ( ). [ ],. [ ] 13 ( ),,. 9 9 ( ). 2, ,,, , 2,,.
89 82.,,,.,,...,.. Positive System ,
90 4 ( ) , 7. ( ),,,
91 84 < 27> , ( ( (,,,,, 8.,, 6. ( ) (,,,,, ),, ) ), )
92 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ,
93 86.. ( ) ( ).,. ( ). ( ), ( ),.. 1, , Global Stand ard.
94 4 ( ) (41.3%). ISO606 JIS439 2, ASTM3843, UL2784, ITU 2025, CE %, 45.6% 68.3% 4.5%, 2.7% % (13.4 %).,, (46.8%),,, (36.9%), (36.9%), (28.7%). 29.7%, 26.2%, 13.8%, 12.8%, 10.1%. 21.4%, 20.1%, 13.9%, 10.3%.,,..
95 88 70% ( ), 23 ( ) 26 ( ). 9, 10, ( ) 17 ( ) 2. IR52. 15, 13 ( ). 2 IR52 3.
96 4 ( ) 89 < 28> ( ) ( ) ( ) , , R&D 80%.
97 90. 4, , 2, 4, 282, 228, 10, 7, 36, 17, 109, 2, 4, 10, 5, 3, 21, 18, 10, 15, 24 ( ), 23 ( ), 7 3( ), 2 ( ), 29 2, 2, 6 ( ), 12 ( ), 4 ( ), 6 ( ), 21, 12, 12 2, 2, 4 ( ), 9..
98 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) , < 29> ,907 2, ,104 12,018 5,566 : 97,, ,869 1,374 5, ,417 1, ,,.
99 92 < 30> :,,. LG, (JKTC). 1985, ( )SOR, 4 ATR
100 4 ( ) 93 70% 30% ( ),, ( ) , 12. 1,., %, 90 30%, %, 11.1% %..., R&D R&D,, ( ) R&D Venture Capital, Incubator, R&D
101 94 R&D R&D, R&D ,, 10 K, (70 74) 71( ), 72( ), 74( ). 15,. < 3 1> R&D R&D R&D ( ) R&D R&D ( ) (, ) R&D R&D R&D ( ) R&D ( ) R&D ) (1990 ) 27..
102 4 ( ) 95 < 32> KSIC , , ) KSIC 4,492 ( ). 2) 6. 2., 3., 4., 5., ( ) ,,
103 ( ) , (KT )..
104 4 ( ) 97 < 33> (90 ) (KT) KT 95 KT(86.3%), (73.7%), (76.9%), (41.4%).,. (KT).,,., 2 4 2, 2 3 ( ), 8 2( ), 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 8 ( ), 9 ( ), 10 ( ), 11 ( ), 12 ( ), 13 ( ) 3 (). ( ),
105 98,..,,. 9, 10, 11,, KT.,
106 4 ( ) 99 < 34> KT (KT) ( ) 2 4 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 8 2( ) 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 10 ( ) 11 ( ) 12 ( ) 13 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 [ 2 ( )] 2 ( 2 ) 3(2 ) 1 5 ( 8 ) ( 12 ) , - - KTB,,, -, - - -,, - -, ( - ) - ( ) (, ) -,, (108), 94(143), 95(110) 92 (7), 93 (6), 94 (8), 95 (5), 96(3), 97(1), 98(2), 96(141), 97(146), 98(130), 99 (90 ) 99(1) : 33 (137) : 915
107 100 < 35> KT NT EM IT GD , 32, (95 ) ( )... 3 R&D... ( : JST) (JKTC), (N EDO) BTG, AN VAR KTB KAIST. Bu siness Incubator ( ), 13 ( ), 10 (
108 4 ( ) 101 ), 24 ( ), 8 ( ). 18, 4,000,.. < 36> 26 ( ) 28 ( ) ,
109 ( ) 28 ( ) 182,., 1.,. 2 ( ) ( ) , 5., 2 ( ) ( ) ( )
110 4 ( ) 103 ( )... ( ),,. < 6> :
111 ( ) ( ) (Wassenaar) (33 ) ( ),.,. 8 ( ), 13 ( ), 20 ( ), 21 ( ), 19 ( ), 11 ( ).
112 4 ( ) 105.,.. < 37> 16 ( ),. 4 ( ). 7 ( ). 8 ( ) ( (1985, 65 ) 4 ( ) ). 10 ( ) 1.. (1) ( ) (2) (3) 2..
113 ( ) 8 2, 9 10, 12, 16 2, 17, 18 3, ( ), 8 2 ( ), 9 10 ( ), 12 ( ), 16 2 ( ), 17 (), 18 3 ( ), 19 ( ), 20 ( ), 21 ( ) ( ) , 16 2,
114 4 ( ) 107,,,,,.,, ( ) ( ) ( ), 22.
115 () ( 20 ) ( 20 ) , ( ) ( 2 ) ( ) ( ). ( ). ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). ( ) ( ).
116 4 ( ) ( )..., ( 3 ), 3 ()4 (). 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 8 ( ), ( ) 1 1 ( ) %, 3%..
117 110. < 38>.,,,,,,,, 9,. < 38> ( ) ,,, ( ) ( ) ( 14. )
118 4 ( ) (2 ), (4 ), (4 ) 10., 14, 9, 2, 4, < 39>,,,,,,,,,,,, (14),,,,,,,,, (19),,, (4),,,,,,, (8),,,,,,, (8),,,,,,,, ( ) ( ) 21
119 , 7, 8 6 ( ) ( ) ,.. 7 ( ). 3, ( )
120 4 ( ) 113,, ( ), ( ) %( 98) 10, 30.,,, , , 2,300, 2,144, 1, ,117 4,927 (80%)., (MOST 1 ), (MOST 2 )..
121 114 < 40> ( : ) ,300 1,010 1,134 1, ,020 1,065 1, , , , , , , , ,135 1,144 1,218 1,228 1,884 7,202 : 97, 98 1,243 1,093, 150 :, 98, < 4 1> ( : ) 3, , ,717 92% 4% 96% 4% 100% : - ('98 150, '99 150) < 41> 1,538 4,927, 283 1,191 1,821 6,118 ( ) MOST 1, MOST 2..
122 4 ( ) 115 < 42>,, KT, NT, 3 IR52,, HTC TBI, TIC, ( ), ( ) 5,, 2, ( ) %, 80%. 97, ,300.
123 ,000 30,000 < 43> ( : ) ( ) ,000 7, ,706 1, , ,982 1,677 60, , , , , ( ),,.,. ( ). 8,
124 4 ( ) , , $,,, (77, ) 8.
125 118 < 44> ( 8 ) ( 12 ) ( 8 5) ( 9 ) ( 12 ) ( 15 ) ( 5 ) ( 21 ) ( 23 ) ( 15 ) ( 9, 19 ) ( 18 ) ( 20, 21 ) ( 20 ) ( ) ( ) 3 $ D/ B,,, ( 8 ).. ( ) ( ). (N EDO),
126 4 ( ) 119 N EDO. N EDO. ( ).. 1.7% ,,, 3. 6 ( ), 8 ( ), 8 2( ), 8 3( ), 8 4( ), (
127 120 ), 10 ( ), 10 2( ) 10 3,.. 6, , , ( ).
128 4 ( ) < 45> ( ) ( )
129
130 IMF 21. IMF...,, %,,,..
131 124.. ( ) 21., ( )..,..,,,,.,.,,,,,.,
132 5 125 ( ).., 1 2. ( ).,,,,,,,.., ,
133 126,,, ( )..,...
134 127 < > 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2.
135 129
136 130
137 131
138 132
139 133
140 134
141 135
142 136
143 137
144 138
145 139
146 140
147 141
148 142
149 143
150 144
151 145
152 146
153 147
154 148
155 (KT ) 28 ( 28 ( ) ) 26 2, ( ) [ ] 18 ( ) ( ) ( ). [ , ]. [ ]
156 150. [ , ],,. [ ] 3. [ , ] 3. [ ] 22 ( 22 ( ) ) [ ]. 22 ( ) ( "" ). 1
157 [ ] [[99.7.1]] 11 ( ) [ ] 11 ( ). [ ] 1. [ ] 1.
158 ( 9 ( ) ) [ ] ( ) ( 10 1 )
159 ,, (8 ( ) ) 9 1 [ ] ,,, ( )
160 ( ) ( 3 ). 30 (30 ( ) ) 17 [ ]. [ , ] ,. [ , , ]
161 ( 10 ( ) ) 6 1 [ ],. 1. [ , , ] [ ] 34 ( 34 ( ) ) [ ]. [ ]
162 156 [[99 7 1]] [ ] [[99.7.1]] ( ) [ ] 24 ( ) 1 ( )
163 ( 8 ( ) ) [ ] ( ) ( ). [ ] 1.
164 158. ( ) [ ] ( 10 2 ( ) ) [ ]. [ ] [ ] [[ ]]
165 159 6 ( ) 6 ( ) [ ] ( ) [ , ] ( 5 3( ) ) [ ].
166 160 [ , ] [ ] 4 (4 ( ) ) 3 3 [ ]. 4. [ ]
167 [ ] 7 ( 7 () ) [ ]. 1. ( ) 2. ( ) [ ]
168 ,..,. 4 ( 4 ( ) ) [ ]. [ ] 1. [ ]
169 ( ) [ ] [ ] ( )
170 ( 5 ( ) ) [ ] ( )
171 ( 21 ( ) ) [ ] ,. [[99 8 9]
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173 167,., 2. [ ] 7 ( 7 () ) [ ] 1.. [ ] ( 4 ( ) ) [ ]. [ ] 1. [ ] ( ) [ ] 10 ( )
174 168 5 ( 5 ( ) ) [ ] ( ) ( 21 ( ) ) [ ] ( 15 ( ) 18 1 ) [ ] ( ).,
175 169. [ , , , ] 17 ( 17 ( ) 19 ) 1 [ ] ( )., [ , , ] 24 ( ) [ ] 24 ( ) [ , , ] ( 29 2 ( ) ) [ ]. [ , , ]
176 () [ ] 2 () ( 6 ( ) ) 7 2 [ ] 1. [ ]. 12 (12 ( ) ) 10 1 [ ] ( ) ( 4 ( ) ) 8 2 [ ]
177 171 6 () [ ] 6 ( ) ( 17 ( ) ) [ ]. [ , , ] [ , ] 1. [ ] ( ) [ ] 1 2 ( ) ( )
178 ( 13 ( ) ) [ ]. [ ] 1. 8 ( 8 ( ) ) [ ] ( ) ( 30 ( ) ) [ ] (
179 173 ) , 24 2, 28, [ , , , ] 11 ( 11 ( ) ) 5 2 [ ].
180 ( 12 () ) [ ( 5584 ] ) ( ) ( ) [ ] 64 ( ) [ ] 1. [ ] 2. ( )
181 175,, 1999,, 1998, 1999,,,, 1999,, , 5,,, ,, , 1997,,, 1999,,, 1998,, ( ), ( ), ( ), ,,, ,,, 1998.,,, STEPI, 1998
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183 SUMMARY 177 SUM M ARY Title : Stu dy on H ow to Ch an ge Law s Prom otin g R&D Activities Principa l investigator : Hu r H yu n H oi, Korea Ind u strial Techn ology A ssociation Abstract R&D p aradigm is being rapidly changed and private sector R&D cap ability has been highly strengthened. Therefore, Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law, which w as enacted in 1972, is estim a- ted to have necessity to be changed to cop e effectively w ith this new environm ent in a m anner that it can provide w ith new supp ort m easures. In particular, acting law relating to taxation concession or financial support, is assesed to play a nom inal role rather than a realistic one. In ad dition, it lacks m easures for supp ort com m ercialization, technology exp ort, w orld stan d ardiz ation. Som e provisions of the law have m any problem s in that it does not fit w ith the reality. In this paper, three options w ith regard to changing the law are suggested to m eet the em erging needs, as follow s: Firstly, While m aintainin g the fram e of th e actin g law, contents shall be com pletely changed.
184 178 Secondly, w e can divide N ational R&D Program from the acting law to put into the new ly em erging N ational R&D Law and set up so called Law supp ort industrial R&D by collecting provisions to su p p ort in du strial R&D. Thirdly, w e can m ake a p artial change in the law and solve problem s on a case by case basis. Major contects of the new law this study postulate to be inserted are as follow s: - R&D hum an resources should be supported - Category of research in stitu tes w hich are au th orized to im p lem ent N ational R&D Program needs to be expanded. - Private research organizations can be fostered and supported by law. - N ew provisions need to be created to prom ote com m ercialization. - Excellent Korean Technology Mark should be hightened as an effective institution to prom ote com m ercialization. - System ize the supp ort p olicies and realistic supp orts should be encouraged. - A variety of m easures relating to S&T prom otion such as funds, lottery should be integrated into the Technology Developm ent Prom otoin Law. - N ew provisions allowing new bu sinesses supp orting R&D acitivities should be form ed. - N ew provisions supporting R&D facilities and equipm ent should be formulated.
185 CONTENTS 179 CONT E NT S <S umma ry> Cha pte r 1. Introd uction 7 Section 1. Show ing up of Problem s to Solve 7 Section 2. Scop e and Approaches of the Stu dy 8 Cha pte r 2. S &T Re late d Laws a nd Te chno logy De ve lo pme nt P ro motio n Law 10 Section 1. Structu re an d H istory of S&T Related Law s 10 Section 2. Changing Process and Position of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 21 Section 3. Effects of the Law 26 Cha pte r 3. Dire ction of the Technology Deve lopme nt Promotion Law Cha nge 48 Section 1. N eed to Change of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 48 Section 2. Direction of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 52
186 180 Cha pte r 4. Ke y Conte nts of THE C ha ng ing P rovis io ns 63 Section 1. System of the Law 63 Section 2. Key Provisions of the Law 65 Cha pte r 5. Conclus io n a nd Limitatio n 123 <Appe ndix> 129 <Refe re nce > 175 <S umma ry> 177
187 (02) TEL / FAX
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