歯3713(박동규)-P99210.PDF

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2 Study o n the Tre nd of Natio na l Indus tria l Te c hno logy Po licy a nd Te c hno logy De ve lo pme nt S uppo rting Sys te m

3 : : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

4 21.,,,.,,, 21,.,,.,.

5 i

6 ii ( )

7 iii ( ) 253 S UMMARY 255 CO NTENTS 256

8 iv < 1-1> 9 < 2-1> - 12 < 2-2> 16 < 4-1> 120 < 4-2> 121 < 4-3> 123 < 4-4> 128 < 4-5> 129 < 4-6> 130 < 4-7> 131 < 4-8> 132 < 4-9> 133 < 4-10> 134 < 4-11> 135 < 4-12> 136 < 4-13> 137 < 4-14> 138 < 4-15> 139 < 4-16> 140 < 4-17> 142 < 4-18> 143 < 4-19> 144 < 4-20> 145 < 4-21> 152 < 4-22> 153

9 v < 4-23> 163 < 4-24> 165 < 5-1> < 5-2> < 5-3> 202 < 5-4> 204 < 5-5> 214 < 5-6> 219 < 5-7> R&D 219 < 5-8> 229 < 5-9> R&D 230 < 5-10> R&D 230 < 2-1> 12 < 5-1> < 6-1> 247

10 1,,,.,.,,,,,.

11 2 :,. :. :. :. :.., (1, 2 ), ( ), (3, 4 ),, (5, 6 )..

12 3 1 2 : : : : : 3 4 : : : : 5 6 : :,,

13

14 ,.,,,., (1996.2, ). (indu strial technology).,.

15 6.,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,.. (indu strial technology), ( ).,,.

16 1 7 2,,.,,..,,,,.,,,,, (facilitating structure). 3

17 8...,,.,,.,,,...,,

18 ),, 15%, 2, 3 1.,.. < 1-1>, 1), 21, (The Economist, )

19 (Pol i cy Rat i ona l e ) Vienna OECD OECD 3,, 2.,,.,.,,.,. (System s Approach, OECD STI Dr. Thom as Andersson).,.

20 2 11,, (coherence).., - (comp etition) (a process), (a uniqu e equilibrium) (an end state),.,,,. spillover (m arket failure) increm entality -., -, (costs and p ayoffs).

21 12 < 2-1> - (R.G.Lipsey) Maximizing behaviour Unique equilibrium Technology is kept behind the scenes Technological change seen only by its results No explicit economic structure - Non - maximization No unique equilibrium Technology is made explicit Technology change is m ade explicit Structure is m ade explicit < 2-1> INPUTS neo- classical PRODUCTION FUNCTION PERFORMANCE structural TECHNOLOGY INPUTS FACILITATING STRUCTURE PERFORMANCE POLICY STRUCTURE POLICY OECD (Technology, Productivity and Job Creation, 1997),, rationale.,.

22 2 13,, Morris Teubal OECD STI Review 22. N elson (1994) (appreciative theory) 2) 3). Teubal (enterprise restructuring) 4), -. Teubal (dynam ic fram ew ork), ),, - -., (restructuring) (collective institutions and organizations), 2). 3),, (Freeman and Perez, 1988), (new patterns of cooperation) (Galli and Teubal, 1997 ). 4) (enterprise restructuring) (innovation and diffu - sion),. 5)., (institutional framework),,.

23 14,. Teubal, (enterprise restructuring). (restructuring)., Teubal (enterprise restructuring),. (dem and - driven). Teubal (enterprise restructuring) ( ), (,, ), (,,,, ) 6). Teubal,. 6) STI Review No.22, Teubal(1997)

24 2 15 (embedd edness),. Teubal. (p ath depend ency) 7) (initial p olicies).,,., (, ).... (dem and - driven) (dem and - creating). (innovation routine),.,, 7).,.

25 16,,. < 2-2> Teubal(1997) - (horizontal) - (collective organizations : ) (targeted) Lipsey Calraw(1997) -,, (R&D ) (framework policy) - ( ) (focused policy) - customized policy (blanket policy) * (framework policy) Teubal (horizontal policy), (focused policy) blanket policy Teubal (targeted policy) Metcalfe(1996) - (Teubal ) - (innovation possibility frontier) (Teubal ),,.,., (embedd edness).,,, ( ),

26 2 17 (m arket forces). Teubal -. Teubal, (facilitating structure).,, N elson (1987). N elson,, ( ).,, R&D,.,,,,. ( ),

27 18,, Teubal. Teubal,. (,,, ),.... Teubal. ( : ).,,,,..,.

28 2 19.,., (additionality),.,., (m arket force). Teubal.,,...,,,.

29 20, R&D,,. R&D ( ),.,,,. Teubal.,.,,,. Teubal (,, ). (,,, )

30 2 21,. 2,., WTO. 8) Sherm an, 1914 Clayton, 1936 Robinson - Patm an, 1950 Celler- Kefauer, Hart Scott- Robido,,,,.,., (F. Adam s ), 8) ( )

31 22 (Pinder Trilateral Comm ission Rep ort ),,.,,,,,, ,,,. 1966,, 1977,. 1979,.

32 ,,,,., 1949, (,,, ) (,,, ).,,, 1970, ,,. 4..

33 24,, , 1980, 21 (self- sufficiency). 9),,, OECD ( ). :,,,. :,,. :,,,,, 9) OECD 1991 ( ).

34 2 25. :,,. 1980, 80 10) ) (,, ) 12).,,,.,,.,,, 10) Technology Innovation Act(1980), Economy Recovery Tax Act(1981), Stevenson Wydler Act(1981), Bayh- Dole Act(1981), National Cooperative Research Act, Technology Transfer Act of 1986, Small Business Innovation Research Act(1987), Technology Competitiveness Act(1988) 11) ( ) No ) 2000, 90,,.,, (, ).

35 26,.,.

36 ,,. 60, 70, 80.,,,., (catch - up) 1980,

37 ,,.,,,,,,.,,. 21,. 21.

38 : 1963, 5. :,,. :,,,,,,. : (1967), (1967), (1967), (1969), (1970), (1970), (1971). :,,,,,

39 30..,, ,. 1 5,. * ,, GNP 0.5% ( %),,,, 1967.

40 ,, KIST, 5 60, (1967) %, 2 15%,,,,, (1966 ). -,. * ,. * , 1960

41 , , , ,, ,,, KIST ,,, KS

42 ,. -,,, ,,. 70,. 70,

43 , 3, , 1 1,000,,,, 6,. :. :. :,. :,,, ,,,,. -,,,,

44 ,,,,, 6,. -, 1973,,,. -,,,,.. - (,, )

45 36. -,. 1970,,, , ( ) , 1972,

46 3 37, ,, KIST. * (1975),,,,,,, (1976),,, (1977) ,

47 , , KIST ,, ,,. 70,.

48 , KIST. -, ,,,,,,,,. - (1973) (1977) ,,, * (1970), (1970),,, 148 (1970), 3 (1971), (1975), (1976), (1976),

49 40, 13 (1977), 57 (1977),,, 6 36 (1978) -,,,,. - (, ) ,. -,, KIST ( ) , ,

50 ,, ,.,, ,

51 42, , ,,,.,. : 2 70,. -,. : ,,

52 3 43, ,,. : ,,,. - :,. - :, ,, : 1983, 1984, 1985,, : 70

53 ,. -,,. -.,,.,,, 5.,, ( 90.) ,,

54 ,. 80,. -. * 80,,,,,, ESPRIT, RACE, BRITE, BRIDGE. -,. *,,,. -,.

55 ,. -, , * 2001 GNP 3.1% % , (technology pu sh),, (dem and pull)..

56 3 47 -,,,. - 80, 1987, ,. * 1980,,,, *,,

57 48. *, 1986,,, ,, ,. 1980, ,. * : : , ,,,. * , , ,,

58 3 49. * 1977, 1982, , 1,181,,. 1980,. *,, * (1980 ), (1980 ), (1980 ), (1983 ), (1984 ). -,,

59 50 -,,,,. - (FA), (OA), (ISE) ,, ,,,, 1986,. *, ,,,,,,, ,

60 3 51,, *,,,,,,,,,. -,,. *,,,,,. * ( ), ( ),. -. * 1982, 1983,, * 1981

61 ,. -,, ,,, , 1987,. * 1980, 1992,, EU ,. 90.,,.

62 3 53,,.. 70,, 3,,,,. -, , UR WTO.,,

63 54 OECD ,,.,., ,,,.,,,.

64 3 55,.,,.,. IMF 21.,,.. IMF. -,,,

65 56,. -. * %,,. -,,. * ,, ( ),,,. -,. *,, (, TIC, TBI), ERC, SRC, RRC,.

66 3 57 -,. * 1990,, , 1990, ,,,,. *, ( ). -,,,,,,. -

67 58, ,. * ,,,. - 90,. *,, *,. -

68 3 59,, ,,, 6,. * 1990,,,,,. * * 1990,,,,. * ,,.

69 60 * *,, 5, 1 5, 2 5. * , ,,. *, 5,, ,,,. * 993,

70 3 61 (ERC, SRC) 1990, RRC. * * 1990, 1997, 5,, ( ). * ,,, 1990., ,

71 ,. *,. -, (project- based system) *,,,. -,, ( ) IMF,.

72 3 63 -,,,,,, , WTO,,. - (,,.) *,,,. *,,,,, (, ),,,. * 5 ( 91-95) ,,, * 1994, WTO,,,.

73 64 - WTO. *, 1995, 9 3 (,,,,,.). *,,,,,, * 5 98,,, ( ),,,,. -,. *,,,

74 3 65,. *, 21,. * ( ), ( ). *, 1990 ( ),,. * 1990,,. *, , 1993,. * 1991,. *

75 66,,, 89, ( 99 2 ). * 1 2, 1 2, * 1990 ( ),,. * 1990,, * *,,,,,,,. * 1990, TBI,,.

76 3 67 * ,,. * * 1996 RRC,,. * 1993,, 1990 ( ). * 1993,,,,. *

77 68,, , ( 98.4), ( 98.9), ( 99.1), ( 99.1). - ( 99.1.), ( 99.3), ( 99.3). -,. *,,. *

78 3 69, 21. WTO,, ,,,, ,,,,

79 70., ) 5 ( ) , 100 -,

80 3 71, spin - off - 5 -,, 2010 ( 98.7) 103, 99-5 ( ), 2000 * 99 2, ,800 -

81 72,, , ( ), ( ), ( 99 50, ), ( ), ( ) ,,, 2) 10 ( ) -,,, 10 / % 10% - - (SOx, N Ox, CO 2, ) -, CO TC 10% 3),

82 3 73 -, - DB. 1) 5 ( ) 5 100,,,, - 11, (TP, TIC ),,,,,,, (,, ),, - 15, - - (3, 5, 7 ) - 2) - (,, )

83 74 -,,, (TIC) - * TIC : ( ) (, ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ) TIC ( ) (TBI) -, - ( ) , 3) - :, 2 -,,

84 3 75 4),,,,,. 1) (e- com m erce) ) (99.2 ) - ( ), ( : ), -, ) (10 ) (2000 ) * ( 99.8) -, ) 80% (B2B) - 7

85 76, * ( ) ( 2, 1 : 99.6) ) KOTRA, * KOBO (KOTRA), EC21( ) - WTO, OECD, APEC - * (AFACT) ( 99.9) * ( 99.7) ) DB -,,,, 20 DB ( 99 : 48.4 ) - DB, DB(11 ) 2) ) ( 99.2) - ( 99.7),, - ( 99 ) - ( )

86 3 77, 5 ) - KS( ),, (self- declaration) KS ) (ISO/ IEC) (MRA) - : (1 99.7, ) - EU : : ( , ) ISO/ IEC (TC/ SC) (Secretariat) * ISO/ IEC 977 : 161, 171, 42, 1 3) ) ISO -,, ( 99.9) - 6- sigm a - ( ) - ISO

87 78 - ISO - ISO (MLA) ( 99.9) ) ( 99.9) 4) ) - ( 98.12) (10 ), - ( ) ( ) (2,000 5,500 ) ) - 99 (125 ) (2000 ), - 99 D/ B,,, 90

88 ( ) ( 99.11) ( 99.11). 1) (2000.4) - - 2) -, -, - -,, 3)

89 80 -, - -,, 4), 3 (,, ) - 5),, ( 99 2,260 ), ( )

90 ),,, -, 6 2) (CBC) -,,,,,,,,, Korea- US Biznet , 3) EU,,, EU - EU, EU, EU

91 82 4) (,,, ) - ASEAN ASEAN 98 -,, 5),,,,, 6,, 6) ),,

92 * ( ),. * (agency) 13, 21. 2), - IPC( ) -,, ) -,,,,, shuttle * SRC(20 ), ERC(28 ), RRC(27, 10 ), TIC(6, 14 ), (6 ), BK21,,,, ( 5.)

93 84,, 4),,,,,,,, - (,, ) 2.. 1) ( 97 ) ( 53 ) ,000 ( 60 ) 75% 1 3 ( 99 2,593 2,327 ) 2) -

94 3 85 : 7 (25% ) (,.) : (50%) + (25%) + (25%) ( 14%) ( 123 ) ( 140 ) - ( ) - - (,,,, ) - 50 ( 30 ), 2,000 1,000 3) %

95 86 4) 50% 1, ,, 5) 100PPM 100PPM (20 : 3 ) 100PPM (50% ), (80% ),, ( ). 1), / (80%, 10 )

96 3 87 2) ( ), - : 6,000 ( 2,000, 4,000 ) - * ( 1 ) : 1,000, 500 ( ), (SSgA 1, Vertex 1, 2 ) - - : (30-40%)+ (60-70%) 3) 7 (, ) ( 285 ) 4),

97 ) - -, - - * ,,,,,. 1) (2000, 6,700 )

98 3 89 ( ) ( ) *, 1,500 90% 2) (CE, UL ) (TBT) - 116, ,200 3), , ),,,

99 ( 139,680 ) ) - (181 ) 1 99 (63 ) ,,, 2) PM ( ) -, 15 PM ( ) ( ). - (Best Practices) - ( ) : 50, 30, 20

100 3 91 : 10-30%,, 3) -,. *,, IP - Mart,,, -,, - 4),,. 1) 2 3 ( ) 1 7 ( 92-98)

101 92 2,, KIPON ET WIPON ET 2) 3) DB - (KIPRIS) -,

102 3 93 4) WIPO 2000 CD - ROM. 1) PCT,, PCT( ) 13) 2) (24 ), 14). 1) ) PCT PCT (WIPO). 14) 58,.

103 94. 2), -,, , 4. : ( ) ( ) 5

104 3 95 (, ) 11. 1) , (10 ) ,000 ( ) 2) 21 (core technology), ( 27, 63, 50) ( 99 : ) (2000 : 750 ) 3)

105 96-4) -, , ,268 5),,,,, ( / ) : ) ,,,,

106 3 97 7) ( ) ,224,,. KAIST -, -,., (,, )

107 98,, * ,821 6,118 (1,538 4,927, 81% ) * 98 : MOST1, 310 ( 150 ), 98 MOST2, 430 ( 150 ), 99. 1) RRC - (RRC) (37 ) ( 5 ) 2) ERC, - ERC :, - (SRC ERC) (48 50 ) * (SRC 26, ERC 35 ) *

108 3 99 3) ( ), ,000 ( ) ( ) - 2 ( 99 8 ) 4) ( ) - : (KAIST) - : (,, ) : 70, 40 : 70 ( ), 60 5) 6),

109 100,,, 5. :. 1) 5 ( ),,, S/ W, , % * 98 ( 6,668, 2,303, 4,365 ), (1,010 ), (260 ), (430 ) 8, ,020, 4,365, 983 2,303, 4,365, 1,739, 4,929 (,,, ) (,,, ),

110 ,457 ( 1 1,947, 2 4,510 ), 4, ,440 -, 2,000 2, ,740 2) CDMA,,, - -, 3) IMT- 2000,, ATM,,, ETRI 4) -, 5),,

111 102,. 1),,,,, S/ W, 2) S/ W (5 ) -,, ( ) -, 3) -,,,,,

112 S/ W 1) S/ W -, - ETRI - S/ W -, S/ W - S/ W 2) S/ W S/ W - S/ W S/ W ( ),, S/ W S/ W 6,

113 104 - S/ W, S/ W, S/ W,,,,, - - -,, - (IT) - Am Bex 200 (IT) S/ W - S/ W S/ W

114 ) , ASIC,,,, -,,, ASIC (RF) 100 2) -, - -

115 106 - ASIC ASIC ASIC 3, 3) - 1 ( 98 9, 100, 45, 55 ) 2 (100 ) - ( IT ) - 6. :. 1)

116 /,, /, /, 12 - (spin - off) (spin - on) -, 2,800 1, KS 2) (13% ),, - 3) - ( 99 1 )

117 : 34, 355 (25% 88 ) : 1,100, 3,000 -,, 4),, 5),,,, 6) CALS CALS,. 1)

118 , - -,, - - -, - BK 21 2) - -,,

119 110 -,,,, - (13 ) - -,, (, ) - -,. 1) ( ) - - ( ), ( ), ( ) - (

120 3 111 ) ( ) -, -,,, 2) % 3) ( ) (,,,,,, ) ( ) 4) ( ),,,,, ( ).,

121 112 -,,, - ( ) - ( ) ( ) - : 54 : 50 : 2 - ( ) -. 1) G ,,, 4

122 3 113,,,, 3,,, , , 1 3 ( ), 2) - (3 5 ) 2, 10,,, ( ),. 1) 32, - : : 48

123 114 -,, -, -, 2), % 3) ( 98 19% 99 50% ) ( 10% ),. 1) ( 99.2) -,,

124 ) ,100, ( ) 99 99, 2001 G7 - ( ) - (2010 Project) ( ) 3), -,,,,, - 4) ( )

125 116. 1) 2 ( ) 20,,,,, CALS,,,, 2) - (50-100%) - 99 : 50, ,, CALS - CALS,,, CALS,, -

126 ,,, *, (5-10 ),, 3). 1) ( ) 2) 7,,,,,,,,, 7 - ( ), ( 99.3),,, ( 99.6),

127 118 5,000 ( , ) - - ( ),, - ( ), ( ), ( ),,

128 ( 5 ) OECD Frascati % (2 ) 3.7%. (, ),. - ( ),, ( 1 1 ). -,, %

129 < 4-1> ( ) ( : ) ( ),,,, (interme- diary function) ** 1,060, ,699 (1,380,108) (45.0) * ( ). ** R&D 3,068,809 %. 644,507 (2,024,615) 21.0 (66.0),, %, %, %. -,, 52.4: 15.8: 31.8.

130 4 121 < 4-2> ( ) ( : ) , ,795 18, , , , ,004 30,164 95, ,498 2,240 2,583 7,500 10,820 41, ,015 17, ,418 1,060, , ,507 * :,,. * :,,, ,. * ), /,,. - ( ),. * ),,

131 ( ), ( ). * ),,,,. 2,,,,,,.,,...,.,.,,,.,,,,,.

132 < 4-3> 3 4, , 119, 120, (stock-option) ),,

133 124, %( 5%) (, ) 2) ( ) % 5% ( 15%, 10%) 3) % 4) ,,

134 ) 2003,, 6) - 80%. 1) % 5 50% 2) %, 5 40%, 6 70% 7 3) ( ) -, 50%

135 126 4) - 5 5) %, %, 12 30% 6) % 7) % ( ) 8) ( ) - 5% 9) - 50%, 50%

136 ),, 11) (stock - option) (stock - option) 12) %, 3 50%,,,, 5 100%, 3 50%,,, 13) ( ) ) ( )

137 , 2) , -, < 4-4> 99 ( ) 83,700 74,300 6,000 9,500 10,000 5,000 8,430 2,000 6,600 2, ,500

138 ( ) -, - 40%, 60% ( 7 75% ) < 4-5> 99 ( ) 27,460 1,300 1, ,000 -

139 130 ( ) - : ( 1/ 2, 3/ 4 ), 40% - :, 100% ( 100%, 75% ) :,,, :,, < 4-6> 99 ( ) 9,390 14,600 10,700 4,800 4,000 4, ,150

140 (G7 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ). -,, < 4-7> 99 ( ) 40,000 23,788 63,788 - ( ) - :,,,

141 (75%) :,,, DB : (, ), :, - : 2 (,,,, 8 ) - :,, CO 2 - : < 4-8> 99 ( ) ( / ) 17,375 8,593 4,628 7,090 2,459 40,145

142 , - 75% 1 ( 30% ) - : (,, ) - < 4-9> 99 ( ) 44, ,

143 134 - : (,,, ) - : :, - : - :, < 4-10> 99 ( ) 165,000 97,070 35,800 29,200 20, ,149 -

144 4 135.,,, < 4-11>,,,, SW '99 ( ) 30, , , - 52, ,429 5,000 -,,, 4 -,, 3 16,

145 136 - :, - :,,,,, :,,,,,, ( ) - : 8.25%, 8 (3 ), 80%, 30 < 4-12> 99 ( ) 226,000 60, ,700 - : - :, 8 :. -

146 ( 7.5%, 3 5 ) :, EM, N T, GR :,,,, - ( 8%, 2 3 ), - < 4-13> 99 ( ) 50,000 11,000 10,000 71, :

147 138 ( : (Korea Venture Fund)) : - 7 (, ) ( 7.5%, 2 5 ) < 4-14> 99 ( ) 50, , , ,, -,,

148 4 139 ( 7.5%, 3 8, 1 3 ) - ( ) ( ) ( %, 1 3 ) -,, ( 7.5%, 5 10, 3 8, 1 3 ) - ( 7.5%, 3 8 ) < 4-15> 99 ( ) 570, , ,799 49,376 1,550,175 -

149 ,,,, ( 7.5%, 3 8, 1 3 ) - ( 7.5%, 5 10, 4 2 ) < 4-16> 99 ( ) 385,394 50, ,

150 4 141 ( ) - :,, - : (KT ) - :, - : - : : 159,949 ( 99 ) - ( )(KTB) ( ) - 6%, % ,, - - :

151 SW - - Y2K - < 4-17> 99 ( ) SW Y2K 45, , ,000 24,000 5, ,000 20,000 11, ,000 - ( ) - 6.5%, 2 5

152 < 4-18> (KTB)( ),, 99 ( ) - : 80,000 - : 660,000,,, - : 10,000 ( ),, 500,000 ( ),, 150,000 ( ),, 30,000 1,200,000,, (Seed Company), 400,000,,,, 4.. -, -,,

153 144 - (TIC) TIC - (TBI), < 4-19> 99 ( ) (TIC) (TBI) 15,000 19,000 20,000 54,000 - ( ) - : 6 (,,,,, ). - (TIC) : 6 TIC(,,,,, ) - (TBI):, 40 (98 46 ) * TBI,

154 , m atching fund - ( ) - ( ) Techno- Doctor < 4-20> 99 ( ) 12, ,015 -, ( ) - 50%, 25%, - ( ), 5

155 146. (SRC/ ERC) - - (SRC) : - (ERC) :, : 43,700 (' 99 ) - ( ) - 61 (SRC : 26, ERC : 35 ) - 9,,,,. (RRC) -, - - -

156 4 147 : 16,000 (' 99 ) - ( ) ,,,,, DB :, (KIN ITI- IR ), - : 11 (KIN ITI- N ET). -, ( )

157 148 ( KREON Et ) ET LARS,,, DB. (T echno- Net ) ( ) (,,, ), (,, ). TECH TIMES( ) :,,,, 6.., 7 3,000. 5

158 ( ) - 5%( 15%), 90% ,,. - Pool -. (R&D Manpower Bank) ( ) ( ). 5 (ICU) (AIIT)

159 ) - KS,, KS, 2) (MRA), APEC (A3CA) 3), ISO,, - 100PPM 4),

160 4 151 (Pilot Plant),, 5) - (KS9000/ ISO9000/ QS9000) (ISO14000) - - (IECQ) - (IECEE/ CB ) (K )

161 ) 1) < 4-21> KT, NT/ EM,, IT,, GD,, GR,,, 15)

162 ) 16) < 4-22> SW SW KAIST SW,,,, ) - - PM ( ) - 16) TBI,.

163 154 2) (KIPON ET) -, - DB, - 3),, 4) PCT PCT( ). 1) -, 3 ( 80% ) ( ) ( ) 2),, 100PPM ( 80% ) 3)

164 (,, ) 1),,, 2), (IR52, KT ),, TECHNET 3) ( ) IR52,,,,,, DB, IP 3 1..,,,,,,.

165 156..,,,.,,.,..,. (keyw ord)..,,,,,

166 4 157 m ixing, m ixing.,,,,,,,. 2. ( ),,,.. 1) ),,,,. :, :, :, :, )

167 158,,.,. *, 6, *,,,,, , *,,,,, 6 ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ), ( ).,,,., 1999, one- roof service.. *

168 4 159, (HTC), RRC, ERC *,, *. ( ) (RRC) 37 ERC S/ W,, S/ W,,,,,. S/ W.,, ( ) S/ W, S/ W,

169 160 S/ W. BK21.. * 99 2, ,..,,,,

170 ),,,,. *,,,,. *, (TIC) (RRC). * TIC RRC 16. * : (T2), (T1, R3), (R3), (R3), (R3), (R2), (R3), (T1, R2), (R3), (R3), (R1), (T1, R2), (T1, R2), (R1), (R3), (R3),. * leveraging,.,. * (, ), ( ), ( ),.

171 162,.. 1) 3 (,, ), 5-6. ) (Technology Bu siness Incubator ; TBI),. (Technology Innovation Centre ; TIC),,,. (Research Core),,,,,,,. ) (Science/ Research Park),,,,,.

172 4 163 (Technology Park),,,. ) (Technopolis),,,. R.C. TBI/ TIC S/ R Park T.P. Technopolis < 4-23> * R.C. : Research Core, S/ R Park : Science/ Research Park, T.P. : Techno- Park * :, :, :. * ( ), ( ). 2).

173 164 ),. TBI/ TIC. S/ R Park Techno- Park, Technop olis. ). )., Technopolis. ),.. ).,,,.

174 4 165 ),.,. < 4-24> Science/ Research Technology Park polis Techno- TBI/ TIC Research Core Park : spin-out ( / ) * :, :, :, : * ( ), ( ).

175 166 3),,. -,... 1),. -,,, 21. -, 2).. ( ), (initial setting). - (, ),,

176 4 167,.. 3) ) ( ).,,. - -,, - ( ),,,,,,.,,,,,

177 168 ) (1) ( ),,,,,,,,. ( ),,,,,, ( ),,,,,,,,

178 4 169 (2) ( ) *,,,. *,,,,. *.. *,

179 170 * (, ),. TIC TIC *,,, ( ) *.

180 4 171 * ( ), ( ) *,,,,,,,, *,,, ( ) * (, TIC RRC.) *,

181 172, *,, *, * ( ),,. *,,,,,, * RRC( ),, * TIC RRC

182 * (, ),. ( ) * ) (1) ( ) (TBI),,,, *,

183 174 *. ( ) (TIC), (RRC, TBI/ TIC),, TIC RRC TBI/ TIC, TIC RRC, RRC TIC. TIC RRC. SRC/ ERC.,, TIC, (,, )

184 4 175 (2),,,,,, *,., (,, ),, ( : ). (3).,

185 176 ) (1) (evolutionary process) ( ) -. -, ,. ( ),.,,.,,,,.,

186 4 177,,. ( ),..,,.,,.. (2) ( ) - *,,,,, -, -,,,,,,,,. -

187 178 ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ),,,,, 1-6, TIC RRC -,,, *,, ( ),,,. ( )

188 4 179 ).,,.

189 (I. Wallerstein, G. Modelski).(R. Gilpin) (Balance of Pow er ; BOP, ) 3,... 21,. Pax Britanica,, Pax Am ericana Pax Sovietica,,,,

190 ( ) ( ). 20,.. < 5-1> 21 1) 2) 3),,,,, S/ W, S/ W,,,,,, -, - (nano technology),,,, - 1) US National Critical Technologies Panel, Third Biennial Report, ) Technology at the Beginning of 21st Century, Fraunhofer ISI, ),, 1997 ( ),, ( )

191 ), (knowledge- driven). 93, 80 R&D.,. (NAICS), N IST (technology - based service industries)., 2. 2)..,.

192 ) Globalisation R&D,,,. 97, 53 (45 ) 9.5 ( 6.4 ), 500 GDP 25%, 50%. M&A 3,417 ( 85%), 1/ 3, 80%., WTO. 4) M&A ( ), M &A ( ), (bu siness sw ap),,, EU,. 91%,,, 72%.,, IBM Microsoft/ Intel, Microsoft Yahoo, Genetech, Body shop.. 1) 33, 9, VLSI 1

193 184.., (technology trajectory).,,. 2), (the science- technology interface).,,, (learning by interacting).,,. 3). optronics, bioelectronics.,

194 (CIM, IMS), (simulator).,, lock - in..,,.,,., m ore w ith less.,. 21. fram ew ork condition infrastructure (m ulti- stage growth strategy) *,, EU ( ),,,

195 186 (N ational Innovation System ) * Science in the N ational Interest, Tech - nology in the N ational Interest * FY (structural innovation) *,,,, * SBIR, STTR,,, * ATP, PN GV, HPCC, IT 2, R&D, EU 1 5 Fram ew ork Program EUREKA - *

196 (Science & T echnology ) (Research & Innovation ) Lew is M. Branscomb Richard Florida (Comp etitiveness Policy Council) - (research) (innovation) (fram e). Technology for Am erica' s Econom ic Grow th....,.?????., (guid ep ost)?

197 188,?? (m ix)?., (front- burner issu e) ( ),,., ATP (Advanced Technology Program ), MEP (Manufacturing Extension Program ), PN GV(the Partnership for a N ew Generation of Vehicles), (defense con - version) TRP (Technology Reinvestm ent Project) (Environm ental Protection Agency),, ETI(Environm ental Technology Initiative) ATP (Advanced Technology Program) (tool).,,

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260 ,, , 5, ,, , 28.,, 21 -,, AAAS, Research and Development FY 2000, Archibu gi, D., H owells, J. and Michie, J., Innovation Policy in a Global Economy, Cambridge University Press, Drake, K., Industrial Competitiveness in the Knowledge- based Economy: The New Role of Government, OECD Proceedings, OECD, International IMD, The World Competitiveness Yearbook, NIST, Economic Analysis of Research Spillovers: Implications for the Advanced Technology Program, NSF, Science and Engineering Indicators, OECD, Managing National Innovation System, OECD, National Systems for Financing Innovations, OECD, Science, Technology and Industry Outlook, OECD, STI Review No.21, 22, OECD, Technology and Industrial Performance, OECD, Technology, Productivity and Job Creation, OECD, The Knowledge- based Economy, OSTP, Science in the National Interest, OSTP, Technology in the National Interest, Tassey, G., The Economics of R&D Policy, Tassey, G., Technology Infrastructure and Competitive Position, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Teubal, M., Foray, D., Technological Infrastructure Policy, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Tidd, J., Bessant, J. & Pavitt, K., Managing Innovation : Integrating Technological Market and organizational Change, John Wiley & Sons, 1997

261 253 ( ) / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / kita.technet.or.kr / / garden.icu.ac.kr / / / / / /

262 SUMMARY 255 SUM M ARY [TITLE] Study on the Trend of N ational Industrial Technology Policy and Technology Developm ent Supporting System [Major Pa rticipa nts] Project Leader : Park, Dong Kyu (ITEP) Particip ants : Jeon, H an Su / Lee, H o/ Seok, You n g Chu l/ Kim, Yoon Kyung/ Bae, Do Yong(ITEP) [ABSTRACT] The purp ose of this project is to better understand the imp ortance of indu strial technology by investigating and analysing the innovation sup p ort m ech anism, the n ation al in du strial techn ology p olicies, and the current statu s of indu strial technology supporting program s, and to stimulate the form ation of contingent policies and advanced strategic program s for the prom otion of industrial technology- driven national com p etitiveness. This stu dy is divided into three parts. The first p art(chapters 1&2) covers the conceptu al fram ew ork and the em pirical evidence of industrial technology policy and governm ent' s role. The second p art(ch apters 3&4) illu m inates th e history of in du strial techn ology p olicies and the current statu s of indu strial technology supporting program s. The third p art(chapters 5&6) analyses the global environ - m ent of technology com p etition and presents the future p olicy p ersp ectives w ith conclu ding rem arks. Its findings m ake recom m end ation to the governm ent to undertake the role change in know ledge- based econom y, and to prim arily build the technology infrastructure to link up w ith and m axim ize the technological cap abilities throu gh the fine op eration of the virtu ou s circle of innovation.

263 256 CONT E NT S Chapter 1. Conceptual Approaches 5 Section 1. D efining in du strial technology (IT) 5 Section 2. Concept and scope of industrial technology policy(itp) 7 Section 3. Imp ortance of ITP 7 Cha pte r 2. Gove rnme nt's Ro le in Ind ustria l Te chnology 10 Section 1. Rationale of governm ent' s involvem ent 10 Section 2. Typ es of governm ent' s role 21 Cha pte r 3. Historica l Illumination of Nationa l ITP 27 Section 1. Overview 27 Section 2. Econom ic d evelopm ent and ITP 29 Section 3. Recent trend s of ITP 69 Chapter 4. Curre nt Status of IT Supporting Programs 119 Section 1. Structure of national R&D exp enditure 119 Section 2. Current statu s of IT supp orting program s 122 Section 3. Confronting problem s and em pirical analysis 155 Cha pte r 5. Is s ue s & Future Pe rs pectives of IPT towa rds 2 1st ce ntury 180 Section 1. Global environm ent of technology comp etition 180 Section 2. Kn ow led ge-based econ om y an d ITP 195 Section 3. Industrial structure and technological competences 213 Section 4. Goals and principles of future ITP 222 Section 5. Advancem ent of IT supp orting program s 224 Cha pte r 6. Conclus ion 246 Refe re nce s 250 Appe ndix 253

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