대한방사선의학회지 1994: 30(2) : chorionic gonadotropin(hcg) 투여 36 시간후에난자를 채취하였고, 체외수정을시행, 난자채취 2일후 lo ul정도의 이식매질 (50% 환자혈청과 50% hams F- lo media) 을자 궁
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1 대한밤사선의학회지 1994 ; 30( 2) : 체외수정및배아이식술후이소성임신의진단 : 상용질내초음파검사의역할 01 그 ~ 주 목 적 : 저자들은불임환자의체외수정및배아이식술과연관된이소성임신의발생빈도를예측하고 이질환의조기진단과치료에있어상용질내초음파검사의유용성을알고자하였다. 대상및방법. 최근 2년간불임크리닉에서체외수정및배아이식술후일신된전체 484예중확진된 1 1 예의이소성임신환자의임상소견과질내초음파검사소견을분석하였다. 결과 : 체외수정및배아이식술후이소성임신의발생빈도는 2.3% 였으며, 돔반된자궁외임신의위치는난관임신 9 예, 자궁각임신 1 예, 난관과자궁각임신 1 예였다. 4예에서는질출혈이없었고 1 여 에서증상이없었으며혈청 H CG수치는높아자궁내다태임신이아닌경우동반된자궁외임신을의심할수있었다. 수술전질내초음파검사를시행했던전예에서자굳내임신과동반된자궁외입신을진단하였고자궁외임신의치료후 73% 에서자궁내임신이임신말기까지지속되었다. 결론이소성입신의발생빈도는불임환자에서체외수징및배아이식술후현저히증가하며이의가능성을항상염두에둔세심한검사를시행한다면상용질내초음파검사는정확한조기진단에유용하다. 론서이소성임신 (Heterotopic pregnancy) 은동시에자궁내임신과자궁외임신이발생하는질환으로서 Duverney (1 70 5) 가처음보고한이후로 30,000명임신에 1명정도의발생빈도를보이는매우드문질환으로알려져있다 (1). 그러나최근들어자궁외임신의증가, 불임환자에서의배란촉진제와인공수정기술의발전, 특히체외수정및배아이식술에연관되어그발생빈도가 1 % 정도로현저히증가하고있다 (2-6). Yovich (l 985 ) 등에의해체외수정및배아이식술후의이소성임신이보고된후간흑문헌에보고되고있으나국내에는아직발표된바가없다 (7-18). 이소성임신의진단은임상적또는방사선학적으로부정확하고지연될수있다는어려운점들이었으나임상적으로의심이가는경우질내초음파검사가진단에도움을줄수있고또한증상이없는경우에서도상용질내초음파검사의중요성이부각되고있다 (19-24). 이질환은진단의지연과오진으로인한심각한위험성을가지지만정확한조기진단과신속한보존적또는수술적치료가이루어진다면그예후가좋아질수있으므로정확한조기진단을위한 1 영동제일병원방사선과이논문은 1993 년 7월 15일접수하여 1993 년 10월 9일에채택되었음 초음파검사시행자의역할이중요시된다. 저자들은체외수정및배아이식술을시행했던환자에서질내초음파검사와수술로확진된 11 예의이소성임신을보고하는바이며불임환자의체외수정빛배아이식술과연관된이소성임신의발생빈도를예측하고, 다양한임상소견과질내초음파소견을분석하고이해하여진단의정확성을높이고자하며, 그예후를분석하여불임환자의체외수정및배아이식술후의이소성임신의조기진단과치료에상용질내초음파검사의유용성을알고자본연구를시행하였다. 대상및방법 1991 년 6월부터 1993년 4월까지본원불임크리닉에서체외수정및배아이식술을시행한후임신된전체 484예중임상소견, 초음파소견, 수술등병리조직학적으로확진된 11 예의이소성임신을대상으로임상소견, 초음파소견, 자궁외임신의보존적및수술적치료와자궁내임신의예후를추적하여후향적으로분석하였다. 전예에서배란유도방법은 Gonadotropin -re1easing hormon( GnRH) agonist (Busere1in, Suprefact, Hoechst), Human menopausa1 gonadotropin(hmg, Pergona1, Serono), Purified fo1-1icle -stimu1ating hormon( FSH, metrodin, Serono) 을투여하고, 질내초음파를이용하여난포를관찰하여 Human 353 -
2 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 30(2) : chorionic gonadotropin(hcg) 투여 36 시간후에난자를 채취하였고, 체외수정을시행, 난자채취 2일후 lo ul정도의 이식매질 (50% 환자혈청과 50% hams F- lo media) 을자 궁경부를통하여자궁기저부또는자궁강내배아이식을 시행하였다. 이때채취난자수와이식배아수를관찰하였다. 혈청 HCG겸사는배아이식후 10 일째부터시행하였고, 효 소면역측정법을사용하였다. 초음파검사는 ATL Ultramark 9, ALOKA 650- CL 초음파기기와 5.0 MHz endovaginal transducer 를사용하였다. 대상환자에서나이, 임신과거력, 수술과거력, 난관촬영 소견, 진단복강경소견, 배란유도제, 채취난자수, 이식배아 수, 이상임신의증상유무, 혈청 HCG수치등의임상소견과 수술전초음파검사시행여부, 이때의진단의정확도와진 단시기, 초음파소견을관찰하였다. 자궁외임신중난관임 신전예에서복강경또는개복수술로확진하였으며, 자궁 각임신 2 예에서보존적치료와초음파유도하의 KC1 주입 법을시행하였고이후자궁내임신의추적초음파검사를시 행했으며이의예후를관찰하였다. 7~ E! 과 체외수정및배아이식술후의전체임신 484 예중이소성 임신이 11 예로써그발생빈도는 2.3% 였다. 대상환자의연 령은 27 세부터 37 세까지였고평균연령은 31 세였다. 임신과거력에한번도임신의경험이없던예는 4 명이었 고, 엄신의경험이있던 7 명중자연유산또는인공유산 6 명, 자궁외임신 5 명이였다. 과거력상자궁내막증 2 예, 이중 1 예는자궁내막종수술을하였으며, 결핵성복막염 1 예였고, 난관또는타부위수술경험이있였던 7 예중 5 예는자궁외 임신으로난관절제술을, 1 예는난소절제를, 술을시행하였다. 3 예는맹장수 난관촬영소견과진단복강경소견상전 예에서난관폐쇄, 난관수종, 골반유착등으로난관이폐 쇄된환자였다. 배란유도제는 9예에서 GnRH agonist, FSH, hmg, HCG를투여하였고, 2예에서 FSH, hmg, HCG를투여하였다. 채취난자수는 12-42( 평균 22), 이식배아수는 7-17 ( 평균 11) 였다. 증상이없었던예가 1 예있었고증상이있었던 10예중하복부동통이 3예, 질출혈이 2예, 하복부동통과질출혈이동반된예가 5예였다. 골반검사상 4예에서자궁부속기통각이있었다. 혈청 HCG검사상전예에서측정한임신주수에관계없이정상단태임신과비교할때높아임상적으로다태임신을의심할수있었다. 11 명의환자중 10명에서동반된자궁외임신의치료전질내초음파검사를시행하였다. 또한 1명의좌측난관임신과우측자궁각임신이동반된환자에서는초음파시행전에난관임신이자연파열되어난관절제술후동반된자궁각임신만의초음파를시행하였다 (Table 1). 전예에서질내초음파소견상자궁내엄신을관찰하였는데자궁내태냥또는태아의수는 6예에서 1 개, 2예에서 2개, 1 예에서 3개, 1 예에서 4개, 1예에서 9개였다. 동반된자궁외임신의진단에있어, 수술전초음파를시행치않았던예를제외하고전예에서수술전진단이가능하였다. 이중 6예는처음시행한질내초음파검사에서진단되었는데이때의엄신주수는배아이식후 22 일에서 34일이었다.3예에서는두번째시행한검사에서진단되었는데배아이식후 27 일에서 6 1 일이였고이전시행시기는배아이식후 26일에서 35일이였다.2예는세번째시행한검사에서진단되었는데배아이식후 4 5 일, 98일이었다. 자궁외임신의위치분포는난관임신 9예 (Fig. 1, 2.), 이중우측난관이 5예, 좌측난관이 4 예, 자궁각임신 1 예 ( 좌측, Fig. 3.), 좌측난관임신과우측자궁각임신이동반 된 1 예 (Fig. 4.) 였다. 질내초음파소견에서난관혈종이 l 예, 자궁외수태냥 (adnexal ring) 이 4 예, 자궁외수태낭및태아와태아심박동이보였던예가 5예, 혈종즉복합에코의종괴가 l예였다. 또한더글라스와액상이있었던예는 Table 1. Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome of El even Patients with Heterotopic Pregnancy after IVF-ET Case Type Extrauterine Pregnancy Treatment Number Intrauterine Pregnancy Outcome Tubal Salpingectomy 2 Tubal Salpingectomy 3 Tubal +Cornual Salpingectomy + Spontaneous resolution 4 Tubal Salpingectomy 5 Corn ual US guided-kcl in jection 6 Tubal Salpin gectomy 7 Tubal Salpi ngectomy 8 Tubal Salpi ngectomy 9 Tubal Salpi ngectomy 10 Tubal Salpingectomy 11 Tubal Salpingectomy Live Ongoing Spontaneous abortion Spontaneous abortion Li ve Live Li ve Live Li ve Live Spontaneous abortion
3 이 은주체외수정및배아이식술후이소성임신 a b Fig. 1. Combined triplet pregnancies, with intrauterine twin and tubal pregnancies a. Transvaginal scan at 3 weeks and 1 day after embryo transler shows two intrauterine gestational sacs (+ - +) b. Transvaginal scan shows an extrauterine gestational sac at the region 01 the left laliopian tube (+ - +). a b Fig. 2. Combined quadruplet pregnancies, with intrauterine triplet and tubal pregnancies a. Transvaginal scan at 4 weeks and 6 days after embryo transler shows three intrauterine gestational sacs and embryos with cardiac activities b. Transvaginal scan shows an extrauterine gestational sac(arrow) at the region 01 the left lallopian tube l 예의자궁각임신을제외한 10 예였다. 자궁외임신의치료는 9 예의난관임신에서난관절제술을 시행하였는데이중 3 예는복강경으로, 6 예는개복술을시 고 찰 행하였다. 1 예의자궁각임신은초음파유도하에 KC10.5cc 를태냥내국소주입하여추적검사상퇴축을보였고, 난관임신과자궁각임신이동반된 1예에서난관절제술후자궁각임신은자연유산되어퇴축을보였다. 동반된자궁외임신의치료후자궁내임신의예후는자연유산 l 예, 선택적유산후자연유산 2예, 현재임신이지속되는 l 예 (30주), 임신말기까지지속되어분만한예가 7예였다. 이소성임신은 30,000명임신당 1명에서자연적으로발생하는매우드문질환으로알려져왔는데그이후 2600 명당 1 명정도로알려진것보다그발생빈도가높다고보고되어왔다 (1-5). 1972년 B erger등 (6) 은배란촉진제의사용이후 100" 성당 1 명의빈도를보고하였고, 불임환자에서인공수정특히체외수정및배아이식술후 30배 -60배정도로현저히증가하여 1985년 Yovich(7) 가처음으로보고한이 짜ι
4 대한밤사선의학회지 1994: 30(2) : Fig 3. Combined triplet pregnancies with intrauterine twin and cornual pregnancies Transvaginal scan at 4 weeks after embryo transfer shows two intrauterine gestational sacs and an extrauterine sac( arrow) at the region of left cornus Fig. 4. Combined hexile pregnancies, with intrauterine quadruplet and tubal and cornual pregnancies. Post-Ieft salpingectomy state due to left tubal pregnancy Transvaginal scan at 4 weeks and 1 day after embryo transfer shows four intrauterine gestational sacs and an extrauterine sac(arrow) at the region of right cornus 래, 체외수정및배아이식술에연관된이소성엄신의발생 번도는 1 % 정도, 높게는 2.9% 로보고한문헌이있었다 (8 12). 저자들의경우불엄크리닉에서체외수정및배아이식 술을시행한후임상적또는화학적임신으로진단된 484 명 중 11 명으로그발생빈도는 2.3% 로다른보고보다높았는 데이는이들환자에서난관병변이불임의주요원인이였 으며이식배아의수가많았기때문으로생각된다. 자연이소성임신의발생기전은정확히알려져있지않고 이제까지제시된가설로써과수정또는과임신에의한이란 성쌍생아의분리착상, 소퇴쌍생아등이있다 (5, 13, 14). 불 임환자에서체외수정빛배아이식술과이소성임신의발생 빈도증가의연관을예측할수있는데첫째로확실하지는않으나여러요인에의한자궁외임신빈도의증가이다 (1 0). 자연적인자궁외임신의빈도는 0.4-1% 이나 (8, l3, 14), 점차과거의골반염성질환으로인한난관손상증가와출산시기가늦어지는경향으로인한자궁내막증의빈도증가및체외수챙기술의발전, 난관손상을가진환자들에서의임신이증가함으로써 6.5% 까지그빈도가증가하였다 (1 2). 둘째로배란촉진제사용과다배아이식의결과로인한다태임신의위험성의증가이다 (1 2). 또한이소성임신의위험요인으로써과거의골반영성질환에의한난관손상이가장흔하고 (45%) 중요하며난관수술, 맹장수술을포함하는골반수술, 과거의자궁외임신, 동반된자궁기형, 배란촉진제사용등이있다. 그러나골반염성질환의기왕력이없는환자에서도말현되지않은난관질환이있을수있고의인성요인이있을수도있다 (5). 체외수정빛배아이식술이이소성임신을유발하는가능한기전으로써첫째배아이식솔시도관을통한자궁강내, 난관개구부주변빛난관내로의이식배아의직접주업에따른이식도관단의위치, 주업속도빛수압의과다, 이식매질의양, 이식배아의수등에따라영향을받을수있고이중이식배아의수가가장중요하다. 둘째이식배아의난관으로의역행성이동의가능성으로써이는치궁경련또는불확실한고유의역행성이동기전에의한다고생각된다. 세째희박하지만채취되지않은난자의자연수정가능성이있을수있다 (7-9, 11-15). 그러므로최소한의적정이식배아수, 이식매질의최소량, 시술전자궁강길이의측정, 미세한배아이식술에의해시술자체에의한이소성임신의발생빈도를줄일수있을것으로생각된다. 이소성임신의임상증상은다양한데이때자궁외임신의증상이주로나타나게되며이전에는하복부동통, 지궁부속기종괴, 복막자극, 자궁비대등이중요한증상및소견으로간주되였다 (3, 11). 그러나자궁외임신에서흔한질출혈은탈락막괴사에의한 Estradiol과 Proges terone 농도의감소에의해나타나는데이소성임신에서는동반된자궁내임신에의해 Estrogen과 Prog esterone 이생성되기때문에질출혈이흔하게나타나지않고없을수도있다. 그러므로자궁외임신이의심되는환자에서질출혈이없을 때이소성임신을의심할수있다 (8, 10). 저자들의경우도하복부동통이주된증상이었고질출혈이없었던예가 4예였으며증상이없었던경우도 1 예있었다. 혈청 HCG검사에있어자궁외임신에서는정량적인수 치에의해정상임신과의감별진단에유용하지만 (5, 14), 이 소성임신에서는동반된자궁내임신에의해그변화가상쇄되고또한일정치않아도움이되지않으나 HCG수치가높아다태임신이의섬되는경우초음파검사상자궁내단태임신이관찰된다면이소성임신을의심할수있다 (12, 16, 17). 저자들의경우에서도 HCG수치와변화속도에의해임상적으로다태임신을의선할수있었고이때질내초음파소견상자궁내다태임신이관찰된경우진단에도움을줄
5 이은주체외수징및배아이식술후이소성임신 수있을것으로생각되며이와는반대로초음파소견상자궁내다태임신이관찰된경우에는감별진단에도움이되지못할것으로생각된다. 이소성임신의수술전진단은쉽지않아서증상이없는경우, 자궁외임신과자궁내임신의합병증과의증상의유용성, 정상범위의혈청 H CG수치등에의해임상적진단이부정확하고지연될수있다. 이소성임신의초음파진단은 1 979년 Penkava등에의해처음보고된이후대개 1 0% 정도의진단정확도를보이고있다 (5, 18-24). 그러나질내초음파검사의이용으로이소성엄신의조기진단에있어그역할이점차중요시되고있다. 질내초음파에의한자궁내임신의진단은비교적용이하나통반된자궁외임신의진단은초음파소견이그위치, 임신주수, 난관파열여부등에따라다양하며자궁내임신을관찰하거나정확한초음파진단소견이흔하지않다는여러문제점들이있다. 또한간질임신인경우진단이어렵거나, 과자극비대난소, 유착, 주위장관에의해진단이불가능할수도있다 (8, 19). 질내초음파검사에서이소성임신의정확한진단은자궁내와자궁외수태냥및태아를관찰함으로써가능하지만이러한소견은흔치않아 14% 정도에서만관찰된다 (1 9). 이외에난관혈종, 자궁외수태냥, 난관파열에의한혈종의소견을관찰함으로써대부분의심할수있으며 (25-2 7), 이는골반염성질환, 난관수종, 황체냥포등의난소낭종, 특히과자극난소, 근종등과감별되어야한다 (4, 8). 저자들의경우수술전초음파검사를시행한전예에서진단이 100%7} 능하였으며처음시행한검사에서진단이가능하였던예는 6예로써가장초기에진단된예는배아이식후 22 일후였다. 다른예들은처음시행한검사에서진단되지않았는데이들에서난관수종으로생각되는냥성에코의병변, 난소종괴등에의해발견되지못했던것으로생각되며두번째또는세번째시행 료가자궁외임신의파열위험과복강내출혈을방지하고또한자궁내임신을지속하게할수있다 (3, 4). 자궁외임신의치료에있어수술없이보존적치료를시행하여자연퇴축이된다는보고가있으나이는파열의위험성때문에일반적이지못하며 (1 3), 또한선택적으로일부 의환자에서초음파유도하흡입및 Methotrexate 또는 KC1 주업술을시행하기도하는데이는태아심박동이관찰되는경우에만제한되며산모혈관내로의약물주업을피하기위한세심한주의와주입후에도파열의가능성이있으므로추적검사가필요하다 (1 0, 11). 최근에는복강경또는개복술을통한수술적요법이가장적절한치료로인정되 고있는데 ( 5, 11, 19), 복강경난관절제술은기술상어려운점이있고종종자궁을건드려야하므로적절하지않고개복술은자궁의손상을최소화할수있어가장안전한방법이다 (1 0, 14). 저자들은 2예의자궁각임신에서각기초음파유도하 KC1 주입을시행한후와자연적으로치유의소견을보였고 10예의동반된자궁외임신은복강경과개복 술에의한난관절제를시행하여 8예, 73% 에서자궁내임신이임신말기까지지속되었다. 결론적으로이소성임신의발생빈도는알려진것보다높으며특히불임환자에서체외수정및배아이식술에연관되어현저히증가한다. 이소성임신은임상적으로진단이부정확하므로상용질내초음파검사는체외수정빛배아이식술을시행한환자에서임상적으로의심되는경우정확한조기진단에유용하며, 증상이없는경우에도조기진단에도움을줄수있으므로이소성엄신의가능성을항상염두에둔세심한칠내초음파검사시행이중요하다. 그러므로질내초음파검사를통한정확한조기진단과신속하고적절한조기치료에의해임신이지속될수있으므로이소성임신의예후가좋아질수있다. 검사에서는진단되었다. 질내초음파검사상진단적소견인 자궁외수태낭과태아빛태아섬박동을관찰할수있었던 예는 5예로 46% 였으며, 이중 2예는자궁각임신이었다. 그 5;J CJ 고 C 그 τ!::" 헌 리고난관혈종이 1 예, 자궁외수태냥이 3 예, 혈종이 1 예에 서관찰되어진단에도움이되었고더글라스와액상은 1 예 의자궁각임신을제외한전예에서보여이는난소과자극 에의한소견과중첩되어도움이되지못한것같다. 그러므 로질내초음파는임상적으로의심이되는경우정확한조 기진단에유용하며증상이없는경우에도조기진단에도 움을줄수있다. 즉체외수정및배아이식술을시행한환 자에서상용질내초음파검사가중요하며이때임상소견 과함께이소성임신의가능성을항상염두에둔세심한검 사를시행함으로써보다정확한진단이가능할것으로생 각된다. 이소성임신은예후가치명적인데치료의지연으로언한 태아사망율이자궁내임신에서 20-70% 로써적절한치료 에도불구하고구제율이 50% 정도이며자궁외임신의경우 태아사망율이 90-95%, 산모에서는사망율이 0. 98% 이므 르이소성임신의정확한조기진단과자궁외임신의조기치 De Voe RW, Pratt JH. Simultaneous intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1948 ; Ri chards SR, Stempel LE, Carlton BD. Heterotopic pregnancy reappraisal of incidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982 ; Reece EA, Petrie RH, Sirmans MF, Finster M, Todd WD Combined intrauterine and extrauterine gestations : a review Am J Obstet Gynecol : Hann LE, Bachman DM, McArdle CR. Coexistent intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy: a reevaluation. Radiology 1984 ; Bello GV, Schonholz D, Moshirpur J, Jeng DY, Berkowitz RL Combined pregnancy: th e Mount Sinai experience. Obstet Gynecol Survey 1986; 41 : Berger MJ, Taymor ML. Simultaneous intrauterine and tubal pregnanc ies following ovulation induction. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1972 ; 11 3 : Yovich JL, McColm SC, Turner SR, Matson PL. Heterotopic pregnancy from in vitro fertilization. J In Vitro Fert Embryo
6 대한방사선의학회지 1994 : 30( 2) : Transf : possible role lor routine vaginal ultrasound. Ferti Steri/1989 ; 8. Svare J, Norup P, Thomsen SG, et al. Heterotopic 51 : pregnancies alter in-vitro lertilization and embryo transler-a 18. Mattox JH, Kolb DJ, Goggin MW Thomas WE. Heterotopic Danish survey. Human Reproduction 1993 :8 : pregnancy diagnosed by endovaginal scanning. J Clin 9. Dor J, Seidman DS, Levran D, Ralael ZB, Shlomo IB, Ultrasound 1989 ; 17: Mashiach S. The incidence 01 combined intrauterine and 19. Van Dam PA, Vanderheyden JS, Uyttenbroeck F. Application extrauterine pregnancy after in vitro lertilization and embryo 01 ultrasound in the diagnosis ol.heterotopic pregnancy-a re transler. Fertil Steril 1991 ; 55: view 01 the 1 iterature. J Clin Ultrasound 1988 ; 16 : Tanbo T, Dale PO, Lunde 0, Abyholm T. Heterotopic preg- 20. Penkava R, Behling J. Ultrasound demonstration 01 combined nancy lollowing in vitro lertilization. Acta Obstet Gynecol ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy. AJR 1979 ; 132 : Scand 1991 ; 70: Rowl and DM Geagan MB, Paul DA. Sonographic demon- 11. Rizk B, Tan SL, Morcos S, et al. Heterotopic pregnancies after stration 01 combined quadr 야기하 gestations, with viable ecin vitro lertilization and embryo transler. Am J Obstet Gynecol topic and concomitant intrauterine triplet pregnancies. J 1991 :164 : Ultrasound Med 1987 ;6 : 미 mitry ES, Margara R, Sharp RS, Winston R, Mills M. Nine 22. Silver SF, Siu CM, Switzer PJ. Sonographic demonstration 01 cases 01 heterotopic pregnancies in 4 years 01 in vitro heterotopic pregnancy : report 01 two cases. J Can Assoc lertilization. Fertil Steri/1990 : 53 : Radio/1989 ; 40 : Tani H, Oda K, Schichiri K, Arakawa 0, Sato Y. Combined 23. Jurkovic D, Kurjak A, Allirevic Z, Klobucar A. Ultrasound diag intrauterine and tubal pregnancy alter in vitro lertilization and nosis 01 combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. J embryo transler. Int J Gynecol Obstet 1990 ; 33 : Clin U Itrasound 1988 ; 16 : Bearman DM, Vieta PA, Snipes RD, Gobien RP, Carcia JE, 24. Reuss ML. Delayed diagnosis 01 advanced combined preg- Rosenwaks Z. Heterotopic pregnancy after in vitro lertilization nancy. J Clin Ultrasound 1988 ; 16 : and embryo transler. Fertil Steri/1986; 45: Atri MA, Stempel J, Bret PM. Accuracy 01 transvaginal 15. Sondheimer SJ, Tureck RW, Blasco L, Strauss J, Arger P, ultrasonography lor detection 01 hematosalpinx in ectopic Mennuti M. Simultaneous ectopic pregnancy with intrauterine pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 1992: 20: twin gestations after in vitro m
7 이 은주 : 체외수정및배아이식술후이소성임신 Journal of the Korean Radiological Society, 1994 ; 30(2 ) : Heterotopic Pregnancy after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer: The Role of Routine Transvaginal Ultrasonography Eun Ju Lee, M.D. Department of Radiology, Jeil Women s Clinic Purpose: Spontaneous heter이야기 c pregnancy (HP) is a rare condition, however, the rising incidence after in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) may present serious problems as the diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition is often missed. The purposes of this study were to investigate the frequency of HP after IVF-ET, to analyze the clinical presentation and the outcome of coincidental intrauterine pregnancy, and t evaluate the value of routine transvaginal ultrasonography in early diagnosis and treatment of HP. Materials and Methods: There were 11 cases of HP among 484 pregnancies after IVF-ET (The incidence was 2. 3%) in recent 2 years. We evaluated the clinical findings and the findings of transvaginal sonography in those 11 patients. Results; The combined extrauterine pregnancies were tubal (n=9), cornual (n=1), and both the tubal and cornual (n=1). Vaginal bleeding was absent in 4 cases and one of them was asymptomatic. HP may be suspected if there was an elevated serum hcg in the absence of intrauterine multiple gestations. In all cases, the condition was diagnosed by transvaginal sonography performed prior to surgical intervention. The coincidental intrauterine pregnancies were ended in successful full-term delivery in 7 cases, while one pregnancy was ongoing at that time. Conclusion: The incidence of HP was evidently higher in IVF-ET than in spontaneous pregnancies Transvaginal sonography was useful in accurate diagnosis in clinically suspected cases and even in asymptomatic cases. Routine transvaginal sonography played an important role in early diagnosis and prompt management of HP. Index Words: Pregnancy, ectopic, heterotopic US studies, transvaginal In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer Address reprint requests to : Eun Ju L ee M.D. Department of Radiology, Jeil Women s Clinic, Daechi-Dong K angnam-ku, Seoul Korea. Tel m
8 1994 년도국제학술대회일정표 (NJ 1994/06/05-09 Cirse 94 - Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological SOC. venue: contact: of Europe Aghia Pelaghia Crete, Greece. Mrs. B. Läublia, Ex. Dir. C.I.R.S.E., P.O. Bos 201, 8028 Zurich, Switzerland. (tel: ; fax: ) [DD4697] 1994/06/12-14 European Congress on Medical Radiology venue: Kongressent. Folkets Hus Oslo, Norway. contact: Christine B. Askim, Help Arrangement -Service, P.O. Box 597, 1301 Sandvika, Norway. (tel: ; fax: ) 1994/06/ th Annual Conf. and Postgraduate Course in Head and Neck Radiology venue: Washington D.C., USA. contact: Ms. Beth A. Filip, Am. Soc. Head & Neck Radiol, 2210 Midwest Road, Oak Brook, IL 60521, USA. (tel: ; fax: ) 1994/07/12-14 Esdir Seminar - Neuroradiology and Neuroscience venue : Marseille, France. contact: Prof. L. Passariello, University La Sapienza", Policlinico Umberto 1, Rome, LI, Ita1y (te1 : ; fax: ) [DD0865] 1994/07/ th Triennial congress World fed. For Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology venue: Sapporo Park Hote1 Sapporo, Japan. contact: Dr. Morimichi Fukuda, MD, Sapporo Medical College, (tel: ; fax : ) [DD4075] 1994/08/ th Annual Meeting of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine venue : San Francisco Hilton & T. San Francisco, CA, US A. contact: SMRM Business office, Sutie 3C, 1918 University Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA. (tel: ; fax : ) 1994/08/ th Intern. Conf. on Magnetic Resonance Biological Syst. venue: Koningshof Veldhoven, The Netherlands contact: Mrs. A. Manders, Koningshof, P.O. Box 140, 5500 AC Veldhoven, The Netherlands (tel: ; fax:) 제공 : 대한방사선의학회국제협력위원회
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