대한방사선의학회지 1994; 31 (2) : 관통맥협착이경미하여전체적인형태척관찰이가능하 였던 예를대상으로하였다. 관동맥조영술은 poly DIAGNOST - C- 와 lateral ARC 로구성되는양면심혈관영화촬영기 (Philip s, 네덜란
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1 233 - 대한방사선의학회지 1994 ; 31(2) ; 관동맥조영술에의한한국인관동맥의정상변이 1 최영희 2. 박재형 황흥곤 3 목 적 : 관동맥질환의정확한진단을위해서는정상관동맥조영술소견에대한이해가필요하기에 한국인에있어서의관동맥의정상변이에중점을두고관동맥조영술을분석하여그형태학적연구를 하였다. 대상및방법 : 1989 년부터 1993 년까지서울대학교병원또는세종병원에서관동맥조영술을시행 하여정상또는경미한관동맥협착의소견을보였던 1012여 를대상으로하여우세 (dominance ), 원추 동액 (conus artery), 동결절동맥 (sinus node artery), 방실결절돔맥 (atrioventricular node artery), 후하 행동맥 (pos te rior descending artery), 좌관동맥주간부 ( Ieft main coronary artery), 정중동맥 (ra mus medianus) 등의정상변이를중심으로분석하였다. 결과 : 우측우세가 895 예 (88.4%), 좌측우세가 44 예 (4.3%), 균형우세 ( Balan ced dominance) 가 73 예 (7. 2%)0 1 었다. 원추동맥이우관동맥의분지로서기시하는경우가 468 예 (46.7 %) 이었고우관동맥 통 (right coronary sin u s) 에서별도로기시하는경우가 515 예 ( 52.4%) 이었다. 동결절동맥이좌회선동 맥 ( Ieft circumflex artery) 에서기시하는경우가 551 예 ( 54.4%), 우관동맥에서기시하는경우가 442 예 (43.7%), 앙혈관에서공히기시하는경우가 19 여 I ( 1. 9%)0 1 었다. 방실결절동맥이우관동맥에서기시하 는경우가 943 예 ( 93.4 %), 좌회선동맥에서기시하는경우가 59 예 (5.8%), 앙혈관에서공히기시하는경 우가 8 예 (0.8%) 이었다. 후하행동맥은 505 예 (58.6 %) 에서정상소견이었으며다앙한정상변이를보인 경우가 357 여 1(4 1. 4%)0 1 었다. 좌관동맥주간부의길이가 2-3mm 정도로서삽관상의문제가될정도 로짧은경우가 172 여 I ( 17.0%)0 1 었다. 정중동맥이 165 여 I ( 16.5%) 에서관찰되었고 84 예 (8.4 %) 에서주 로좌심실의측벽에, 80 예 (8.0 %) 에서주로전벽에분포하였다. 좌관통액이 4 분지를내는경우가 8 예 ( 0.8%) 있었다. Myoca rdial bridging 은 3 여 1(0.3%) 에서관찰되었다. 결론 : 본연구의결과는한국인에있어서관동맥의형태학적정상소견의기초자료가될것으로사 료된다. 서 구미각국에서가장중요한사망원인의하나인관동맥 질환은 (1) 론 한국에서도생활수준의향상으로그빈도가증 가추세에있다 (2). 관동맥조영술은 Sones 등에의해최초 로시작된이래 (3 5) 장비빛해상력의개선, Axial angled projection 등의 (6-11) 기술의발전으로관통맥질환의진 단에있어서가장중요한역할을담당해오고있다. 관동맥질환의진단을위해서는관동맥의정상변이를포 함한해부형태학적정상소견에대한이해가선행되어야 1 서울대학교의과대학방사선과학교실 2 단국대학교의과대학방사선과학교실 3 서 종심장병연구소 이논문은 1994 년 4 월 4 일접수하여 1994 년 6 월 20 일에채택되었음 함은주지의사실이고구미의다양한연구자료 (1 2-20) 에비해국내에서는박등 (2 1), 이등 (22) 의연구가있을뿐이며연구대상규모가작아서객관적으로일반화하는데에는한계가있다고생각된다. 저자등은한국인에있어서의관통맥의해부형태학적특성을제시하기위해서연구대상의규모를보다확대하여서좌우관동맥과그주요분지의정상변이를중심으로분석하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1989년 3월부터 1 993년 9월사이에서울대학교병원또는부천세종병원에서흉통또는협심증환자및허혈성심장질환의동반의가능성이있는판막성심장질환환자를대상으로선택적관동맥조영술을시행하여정상또는
2 대한방사선의학회지 1994; 31 (2) : 관통맥협착이경미하여전체적인형태척관찰이가능하 였던 예를대상으로하였다. 관동맥조영술은 poly DIAGNOST - C- 와 lateral ARC 로구성되는양면심혈관영화촬영기 (Philip s, 네덜란드 ) 를사용하여 Seldinger 법으로주로 7 fr e n ch 의 Judkin s 형 카테타 (ACS, Tenecula, 미국 ) 를사용하였으며경우에따 라서 Amplatz 형 (USCI, Murray Hill, 미국 ) 또는 Sones 형카테타 (USCI, Murray Hill, 미국 ) 를사용하였다. 좌우 관동맥에선택적으로삽관하여 3-way manifold 와주사기를써서약 6- lo cc 의조영제 (Ul travist 370, Schering, Berlin, 독일 ) 를시술자가직접주입하였고촬영시필름 주행속도는초당 30 frame 으로하였다. 우관동맥조영술은 Cranial20-30 도의우전사위 도, cr anial 도 의좌전사위 도, 좌측위촬영의 3 촬영을기본으로 하였고, 좌관동맥조영술은우전사위 도, cranial 도의우전사위 도, caudal 도의우전사 위 도, 좌전사위 도, cranial 좌전사위 도와좌측위의 6 촬영을기본으로하고필요시에는추가로 caudal 좌전사위, cranial 전후위, 좌전하행동액의전장이 가장잘보이는 Cranial35-40 도의우전사위 도인 TIMI 촬영등을별도로시행하였다. 좌우관동맥촬영에서우세 (dominan ce), 원추동맥의기 시위치, 동결절동맥 (sinus node artery) 및방실결절동맥 (atrioventricular node art e ry) 이기시하는동맥, 후하행 동맥 (posterior descending artery) 의기시위치, 맥주간부 (l eft 좌관동 main coronary artery) 의길이, 정중동맥 (ramus m e dianus) 의존재여부등을분석하여관동맥의 정상변이의유형과각각의빈도를추정하여보았다. 각각 의분지의전체소견이명확하게관찰가능한경우를각각 대상으로하였고그이외의경우는각각의분석대상에서 AM POA POA R L B Fig. 1. Diagram of coronary dominance(cass classification) R : right dominance L: left dominance B: balanced dominance Fig. 2. Rig ht coronary dominance Lateral view of selective RCA injection shows PDA and PLBs, arising as branch of distal RCA. Artery supplying atrioventricular node(arrowhead) arises from RCA near PDA, representing the location 01 crux cordis a Fig. 3. Left coronary dominance a. Cranial LAO view of selective LCA i 미 ec tion shows POA and PLBs arise from distal LCX, namely LA VGA, coursing along atrioventricular groove beyond the crux cordis. Atrioventricular node artery(arrowheads) arises Irom this LAVGA b. Lateral view of RCA injection shows abortive RCA Conus artery is the first branch of the RCA Sinus node artery(sn) arises Irom proximal RCA 갱m
3 關뻐뼈최영희외 관동맥조영술에의한한국인관동맥의정상변이 Table 1 Summary 01 Normal Variations in Coronary Arteries and Major Branches CORONARY VARIATIONS CHOI YH et al LEE WK et al LEVIN DC et al. ROMHILT DW et al SNUH YUMC HMS BWH DUMC (N = 1012) (N = 63) literature review (N=192) DOMINANCE Right * Left Balanced CONUS ARTERY RCA Branch Separate Os SINUS NODE ARTERY LCX proximal 51.2 distal 3.2 RCA proximal 43.0 distal 0.7 BOTH ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE ARTERY RCA LCX BOTH 0.8 SHORT or NO LMCA RAMUS MEDIANUS MYOCARDIAL BRIDGING Figures are in percen t. Balanced dominance is included. SNUH: Seoul National University Hospital YUMC : Yonsei University Medical Center HMS BWH : Havard Medical School Brigham & Woman s Hospital DUMC : Duke University Medical Center RCA : right coronary artery LCX: left circumflex artery LMCA: left main coronary artery 제외하였다. 후하행동맥과좌십실의후측벽에분포하는후측분지관통맥의우세는가장널리통용되는 CASS( Coronary (posterolateral branch) 가우관동맥에서기시하는경우 Artery Surgery Study) 에서제시한정의에 (23) 따라서를우측우세 (Fig. 1, 2), 양혈관이좌관동맥에서기시하는경우를좌측우세 (Fig. 1, 3), 후하행동맥은우관동맥에서후측분지는좌관동맥에서각각기시하는경우를균형우 세 (Balanced dominance, Fig. 1) 로분류하였다. 한편특히 Fig. 4. Hyperdominance. Cranial LAO view 01 RCA 미 ection shows hyperplastic RCA with numerous PLBs supplying posterior and even lateral wall 01 left ventricle ~ 유 ~ PLV 서Pω!.:.. PDA PDA PDA PDA A B c D E Fig. 5. Diagram 01 variations in posterior descending artery. A. Double PD A. B. Early maginal origin 01 PDA. C. Partial supply 01 septum by posterior RV branch(prv). D. Partial supply 01 septum by posterior AM. E. PDA as continuati on 01 long LAD beyond apex 3
4 대한방사선의학회지 1994; 31(2) : 우관동맥이좌심실의후벽및측벽까지분포하고좌회선 원추동맥은측위우관통맥조영에서판정하여우관동맥 동맥이미약한경우는특별히 과우세 ( Hyperdominance, 의첫번째분지인경우와, 우관통맥동에서기시하여선택 Fig. 4) 라고칭하는데본연구에서는우측우세에포함시켰다. 적우관동맥조영에서는전혀보이지않거나조영제가우관동맥동으로역류한후에조영되는경우의두가지로분 류하였다. Table 2. Variati ons in Posterior Descending Artery 동결절동맥의기시위치를좌회선동맥의근위부, 원위부, 우관동맥의근위부, 원위부로구분하여분석하였다. CORONARY CHOI YH et al LEVIN DC et al 후하행동맥은 crux co rdi s 에서 2cm 이내에서기시하는 VARIATIONS SNUH(N=1012) HMS BWH(N=200) 경우를정상으로정의하였고기타다양한정상변이를다 PDA VARIATION 음과같이분류하였다 (Fig. 5) 두개의후하행동맥이 crux Type A 근처에서기시하는경우를 A형으로, 후하행동맥이 mar B C D E ginal 분지와같이 Crux cordis로부터 5cm 이상근위부에서기시하는경우를 B형으로, 작은후하행동맥이정상위치에있고보다큰후하행동액이후우심실분지 ( posterior Figures are in percent. SNUH: Seoul National University Hos- right ventricular branch) 의연장으로심설중격에분포 pital HMS BWH : Havard Medical School Brigham & Woman s 하는경우를 C형으로, 작은후하행동맥이정상위치에있 Hospital PDA posterior descending artery 고보다큰후하행동맥이 acute marginal 분지의연장으로 SN Fig. 6. Sinus node artery originates from proximal LC X in Fig. 8. Sinus node artery originates from proximal RCA in caudal RAO view of LCA i 미 ection. cranial RAO view of RCA injecti on. a b Fig. 7. Sinus node artery originates from distal LCX in a patient with stenosis at proximal LAD a. Caudal RAO view of LCA injection b. Cranial LAO view of LCA i 미 ection 씨m
5 ? ι최영희외 관동맥조영술에의한한국인관동맥의정상변이 a b Fig. 9. Sinus node artery originates Irom distal RCA a. Frontal view 01 RCA i 미 ection shows SN originating Irom distal RCA near crux cordis and coursing along the anterior wall and rool 01 right atrium toward superior vena cava b. Cranial LAO view 01 RCA injection Fig. 10. Type A POA shows double POAs with almost same size originating Irom crux regíon Fig. 12. Craial RAO view 01 LCA injection shows type E POA as continuation 01 LAO ---- Fig. 11. Type 0 POA wíth partíal supply 01 septum Irom pos- teríor AM branch ís well shown. Fig. 13. Ramus medianus(arrow). Caudal RAO view shows trílurcation 01 LMCA
6 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 31(2) : a b Fig. 14. Myocardial bridging. a. In ventricular systole about 50 % narrowing(arrow) of mid LAD was noted b. In ventricular diastole there was no narrowing in mid LAD(arrow). Table 3. Diagonal Branches of Left Anterior Descending Artery No. of diagonal 꺼ζηJA 7 IJ etable 4. Termination Point of Left Anterior Descending Artery No. of cases( %) Termination No. of cases( %) 260(263) 427(43.3) 211 (21 4) 68( 6.9) 19( 9.2) ( 0.2) Before apex Beyond apex ~ 2 cm ) 2, 드 5 cm ) 5 cm 73( 8.0) 528(57.8) 276(30.1 ) 38( 4.1) Total 915(100) Total 987(100) 심실중격에분포하는경우를 D형으로, 후하행동맥이좌전 하행동맥 Oeft anterior descending artery) 에서기시하는 경우를 E 형으로정의하였다. 결 과 에서 (Fig. 7) 각각기시하였고우관동맥에서기시하는경 우가 442 예 (43. 7% ) 로서 435 예는근위부에서 (Fig. 3b, 8), 7 예는원위부 (Fig. 9 ) 에서각각기시하였다. 두개의동결 절동맥이좌우양관동맥에서공히기시하는경우가 19 예 (1. 9% ) 이었다. 방실결절동액이우관동맥에서기시하는경우 (Fig. 2 ) 가 943 예 (93.4%), 좌회선동맥에서기시하는경우 (Fig 3a ) 가 관동맥조영술 예를분석한결과성별분포는남자 59 예 (5. 8%), 양혈관에서공히기시하는경우가 8 예 (0.8%) 가 510 명, 여자가 502 명이었다. 우세는후하행동맥과좌심이였다. 실의후측벽에분포하는후측분지 (postero latera l bran 후하행동맥은 505 예 (58.6% ) 에서정상소견을보였고 ch) 가우관동맥에서기시하는우측우세가 895 예 (8 8.4%) 357 예 (4 1.4% ) 에서다양한정상변이를보였는데 A 형 (Fig. 이었고, 양혈관이좌관동맥에서기시하는좌측우세가 44 10) 이 102 예, B 형이 73 예, C 형이 139 예, D 형 (Fi g. 11) 이 예 (4.3% ) 이였으며, 후하행동맥은우관동맥에서후측분지 42 예, E 형 (Fig. 1 2 ) 은단지 1 예에서관찰되었다 (Table 2, 는좌관통맥에서각각기시하는균형우세 (Balanced dom- Fig. 5 참조 ). inan ce ) 가 73 예 (7.2% ) 이였다 (Table 1). 좌관동맥주간부의길이가 2-3mm 정도로서삽관상의 원추동맥이우관동액의분지인경우 (Fig. 3 b) 가 468 예문제가될정도로짧은경우가 172 예 (1 7.0% ) 이었다. (46.7% ) 이었고우관동맥동에서별도로기시하는경우가정중동맥이 1 65 예 (1 6.5% ) 에서관찰되었고 (F i g. 13) 예 ( 52.4% ) 이었다. 예 (8.4 %) 에서주로좌심실의측벽에, 80 예 ( 8. 0%) 에서주 동결절동맥이좌회선동맥에서기시하는경우가 55 1 예로전벽에분포하였다. 좌관동맥이 4 분지를내는경우가 8 (54.4% ) 로서 518 예는근위부에서 (Fig. 6), 33 예는원위부예 (0.8% ) 있었고중격분지를내는좌전하행동맥이두개
7 최영희외 관동맥조영술에의한한국인관동맥의정상변이 있는경우가 l예있었다. 관동맥조영소견상으로 Diagonal 분지의수는 2 개인경우가 427예 (43.2%) 로가창많았고 1 개, 3개의순이였다 (Table 3 참조 ). 좌전하행동맥이섬첨에이르지않는경우가 73예 (8.0%) 이였고, 심청및뒤로주행하여 2cm 이내에이르는경우가 528예 (57.7%) 로가장많았다 (Table 4 참조 ). Myocardial bridging은 3예 (0.3%) 에서관찰되었다. (Fig. 14) 고찰구미에서높은발생빈도를보이는허혈성심장질환 (Ischemic heart disease) 은한국에서도근년에, 특히 1980년대이래로급격히증가하고있으며, 식생활의변화, 평균수명의연장, 기타위험인자의증가로그원언을들수있다 (2). 이의진단을위해서단순흉부촬영, 심전도검사, Thallium 스캔등의다양한검사가있으나최종척이고정확한진단은관동맥조영술에의존할수밖에없다. 관동맥조영술의청확한분석을위해서는시술에앞서서관동맥의션천기형이나정상변이를포함한해부형태학적정상소견에대한이해가선행되지않으면불완전한검사가되거나해석상의착오를벙할수도있다. Levin 등은 (1 2) 인간의심장에서 1% 이상의빈도로관찰되는형태는선천기형이아닌정상변이라고정의하고있으며관동맥의우세등이그대표적인예가되겠다. 관동맥의우세는후하행동맥을기준으로결정되며좌심실의후벽과후측벽및심실중격의혈류공급원으로서중요하다. 저자등의경우에좌측우세가 4.3% 로서구미의 7-8%, 15.8% 의빈도보다적은경향을보였고상대적으로우측우세가많은빈도를보였으며, 이등 (22) 의보고에서는균형우세를따로분류하지않고우측우세에포함시켰기때문에저자등의경우와차이를보이는것으로생각된다 (Table 1 참조 ). 원추동맥은우관동맥근위부와우관동맥동에서약 1: 1 의비율로각각기시하여 Levin 등의 (13) 보고와일치하는데반해서이등 (22) 은우관동맥에서기시하는경우를 79.4% 로보고하여차이를보였는데연구대상의수가 63 예로서저자등의 1012예에대한통계가한국인에서의정상변이를보다정확히대변할수있다고생각한다. 원추동맥이우관통맥동에서따로기시하는경우에원추동맥을우관동맥으로오인하여폐쇄성병변이나좌측우세로판정하는오류를범하지않도록유의해야하며, 또한좌전하행동맥이나우관동맥이폐색되였을경우에원추동액이소위 Vieussen s Ring" 이라불리우는중요한측부순환의경로로서우관동맥의원위부에혈류를공급하므로원추동맥을적절히조영하는것이매우중요하다 (1 3). 최근심장기저부수술의증가로동방결절과방실결절의혈류공급원에대한지식과이해의중요성이강조되고있 다. 동결절동맥은구미의보고와비교할때 Levin 등은 (1 2) 양혈관에서두개의동결절동액이각각기시하는경 우에관한언급이없으나 Romhilt 등은 (1 6) 부검심장을 분석하여좌우양관통맥기시를 1.6% 로보고한바있서저 자등의관찰과대동소이하였는데이는 Levin 등의경우 에는관동맥조영소견의분석에있어서동방결절로주행 하여분포하는주요분지만을분류하였기때문이아닌가 생각된다. 한편 Romhilt 등은우관동맥기시를 60.8%, 좌관 통맥기시를 37.6% 로보아 Levin 등과반대의분포로보고 하였다. 방실결절동맥은후하행동맥의기시와거의일치하였고 균형우세에서는주로우관동맥에서기시하였으나 1.5% 에서는좌관동맥에서기시하였다. 구미의보고 (1 2, 16) 와 비교하여우관동맥에서기시하는빈도가현저히높은특 성을보였다. 후하행동맥의기시위치의변이의빈도가구미의보고 (2 이에비해상대적으로높았으며특히 C 형과 A 형이많았 고또한좌관동맥주간지의길이가삽관이불안정할정도 로짧은경우가 17% 로서 Levin 등의 (1 2) 2% 에비해현저 히높았는데이는정중동맥의빈도와 Myocardial bridging 이적은사실등과함께인종간의차이, 특히한국인의 체격이구미인에비해작고따라서심장의크기및관통액 의크기도상대적으로작다는사실과무관하지않을것으 로생각된다. 이상에서기술된본연구의결과는관동맥질환의진단 을위해서필수적인한국인에있어서의관동맥의정상변 이를포함한해부형태학적정상소견에대한기초자료가 될것으로사료된다. Abbreviations for figures AM : acute marginal branch AV : atrioventricular node artery CON : conus branch DIAG : diagonal branch LAD : left anterior descending artery LAO : left anterior oblique LAVGA : left atrioventricular groove artery LCA : left coronary artery LCX : left circumflex artery LMCA : Left main coronary artery LV : left ventricular OM : obtuse marginal branch PDA : posterior descending artery PLB : posterolateral branch PLV : posterior left ventricular branch( =PLB) PRV : posterior right ventricular branch RAO : right anterior oblique RCA : right coronary artery RV : right ventricular SN : sinus node artery m 2
8 240 - 대한방사선의학회지 1994 ; 31(2) : 참고= C그헌 11. Choi YH. Normal coronary anatomy and axial angiography Sej Med J 1989 ; Levin DC : Anomalies and anatomic variations 01 the coronary 1. Dawber TR, Kannel WB, Lyell L. An approach to longitudinal arteries. in Abrams HL, eds. Coronary arteriography : a pracstudies in a community: The Framingham study. Ann NY Acad Sci 1963 ; 1 07: tical approach. Boston, Li ttle Brown Co pp Levin DC, Beckmann CF, Garnic D, Carey P, Bettman MA 2 이웅구허혈성심장병 과연증가하고있는가? 세종의학 1989 ; 6 : Frequency and clinical signilicance 01 lailure to visualize the conus artery during coronary arteriography. Circul1981 ;63 3. Sones FM Jr, Farra EK. Cine coronary arteriography. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 1962 ; 31 : James TN. Anatomy 01 the coronary arteries. New York: 4. Amplatz K. Techniques 01 coronary arteriography. Circul Hoeber Med Div., Harper & Row 1961 pp ; 27: James TN, Burch GE. The atrial coron ary arteries in man 5. Judkins MP. Selective coronary arteriography, Part 1 : A pe r- Circu11958 ; 17 : cutaneous translemoral technique. Radiology 1967 ;89: 16. Romhilt DW, Hackel DB, Estes Jr EH. Origin 01 blood supply to sinuauricular and atrioventricular node. Am heart J 1968 ; 6. Bunnell IL, Greene DG, Tandon RN et a J. The hall axial pro- 75: jection. A new look at the proximal left coronary artery. CircuI1973; 48 : ; 125 : Hutchinson MCE. A study 01 atrial arteries in man. J Anat 7. Lesperance J, Saltiel J, Petitclerc R et aj. Angulated views in 18. Verhaeghe L, Van der Hauwaert L. Arterial blood supply 01 the sagittal plane lor improved accuracy 01 cinecoronary th e human sinus node Br Heart J 1967 ; 29: angiography. AJR 1974; 121 : Kennel AJ, Titus JL. The vasculature 01 the human sinus 8. Elliott LP, Bream PR, Soto B et a J. Signilicance 01 the caudal node. Mayo Clin Proc 1972 ;47: left anterior oblique view in analyzing the left main coronary 20. Levin DC, Baltaxe HA. Angiographic demonstration 01 importartery and its major branches. Radiology 1981 ; 139 : Elliott LP, Green CE, Rogers WJ et aj. The importance 01 artery. AJR 1972 ;116 :41-49 ant anatomic variations 01 the posterior descending coronary angled right anterior oblique views in improving visualization 21 박형우, 이원택한국인성인심장의동방결절의동맥분포에대한 1 the coronary arteries. J. Caudocranial view. Radiology 형태학적연구대한해부학회지 1981 ; 14 : ; 142 : 이웅구, 박승정, 하성규, 심원흘, 조승연, 최흥재관상동맥조영술에 10. Green CE, Elliott LP, Rogers WJ et aj. The importance 01 의한한국민관상동맥의형태학적연구순환기 1983 ; 13 : angled right anterior obl 띠 ue views in improving visualization 23. The principal investigators 01 CAS
9 241 - 최영희외. 관동맥조영술에의한한국인관동맥의정상변 O Journal of the Korean Radiological Society, 1994; 31(2) : Normal Variations of Coronary Arteries in Korean by Coronary Angiography Young Hi Choi, M.D. 2, Jae Hyung Park, M.D., Hweung Kon Hwang, M.D. 3 Oepartment of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine 20epartment of Radiology, Oonkook University College of Medicine 3Sejong Heart Institute Purpose; To diagnose the coronary artery disease, it is necessary to have a thorough knowledge on coronary anatomy and normal variations. We performed a morphological study on normal variations of coronary artery in Korean adults Materials and Methods: 1012 cases of coronary angiography were analyzed with particular emphasis on the normal variation of three coronary arteries and their major branches, including origin of conus artery, sinus node artery and atrioventricular node artery and the variation in posterior descending artery and ramus medianus. Results: We found right dominance in 895 cases(88.4%), left domainance in 44 cases(4.3%), and balanced dominance in 73 cases(7.2%). Conus artery branched from right coronary artery in 468 cases(47.6%) and originated in right coronary sinus close to the os of right coronary artery in 515 cases(52.4 %). Sinus node artery originated from left circumflex artery in 551 cases(54.4%), from right coronary artery in 442 cases(43.7%), and from both coronary arteries in 19 cases(1.9%). Atrioventricular node artery originated from right coronary artery in 943 cases(93.4%), from left circumflex artery in 59 cases(5.8%), and two atriovenricular node arteries from both arteries in 8 cases(0.8%). Posterior descending artery had the normal pattern in 505 cases(58.6%) and some variation in 357 cases(41.4%). We found short left main coronary artery, less than 2-3 mm, making it hard to cannulate in 172 cases(17.0%). Ramus medianus was found in 165 cases(16.5%) with marginal distribution in 84 cases(8.4%), diagonal distribution in 80 cases(8.0%) and coursing interventricular sulcus as double left anterior descending artery in 1 case(0.1 %). Left main coronary artery gave off 4 branches in 8 cases(0.8%). Myocardial bridging was found in only 3 cases(0.3%) Conclusion: This study could provide basic morphological data on anatomy and normal variations of coronary arteries in Korean adults. Index Words : Coronary vessels Coronary angiography Coronary vessels, abnormalities Address reprint requests to : Young Hi Choi, M. D. Department of Radiology Dankook University Hospital 29 Anseodong Chonan Choongnam Korea. Tel Fax
10 94 년도대한방사선의학회제 50 차학술대회초록제출양식 저..5i!...,. 저자 : -ιlι- i-1: - 구연자 : 구분 : 口구연口전시 Space 개 (76cm x 100cm ) 口 Back Board Type 口 Illuminating Type 口두겨부디뇌신경계 口섬혈관계口흉부口소화기계디비뇨생식계口근골격계口소아口핵의학口유방口기타 도표 ; 허..., --, 대상및방법 : 결과 : 결론 : 쟁
임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 30 권저 112 호 섬근경색환자에서의 Wall Motion Abnormality 의부위와 관상동맥질환의벼교 이화의대동대문병원섬전도살 검형중 여영옥 The Comparsion of Wa1l Motion Abnorma1 Site an
임상병리검사과학회지 : 제 30 권저 112 호 1998. 섬근경색환자에서의 Wall Motion Abnormality 의부위와 관상동맥질환의벼교 이화의대동대문병원섬전도살 검형중 여영옥 The Comparsion of Wa1l Motion Abnorma1 Site and Coron 따 y Artery Disease in Myocardia1 Infarction
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