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3 e-learning e-learning e-learning LMS LCMS SCORM SCORM SCORM 106

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6 [ : - ] 2 2 Source: Out of the classroom, onto the screen, and into the mind, William Horton, ASTD TechKnowledge

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8 - 5-3 : ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall House Associates, Inc.

9 [ : CD-ROM, LAN /. CMI ] 4 4 ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall House Associates, Inc

[ : Web/HTML / ] 5-7 - 5 ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall

10 [ : Web/HTML / ] ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall House Associates, Inc.

11 [ : Web/HTML/Database / ] 6 6 ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall House Associates, Inc

12 [ : Web/XML/Objects / ] 7 7 ADL Background, Philip Dodds, Randall House Associates, Inc. 8 The SCORM Overview, ADL,

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15 ADL SCORM.

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17 11 e-learning Application Infrastructure, Geoff Collier, Sun white paper,

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23 : e-learning Interoperability Standards, Geoff Collier, Sun white paper,

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30 Objects of Interest, Clive Shephard, Fastrak Consulting Ltd

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32 15 Objects of Interest, Clive Shephard, Fastrak Consulting Ltd

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34 - Curriculum - Unit - Module 16 : Reusable Learning Object Strategy -Designing Information and Learning Objects Through Concept, Fact, Procedure, Process, and Principle Templates- Version 4.0, November 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc

35 - Lesson (RLO) - Section (RIO)

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46 Content items Introduction (required) Facts (optional) Staged Table (either required or optional) Block Diagrams (either required or optional) Cycle Charts (either required or optional) Instructor Notes (optional) Practice items Assessment items Guidelines for handling employees with personal problems Guidelines for designing effective visual aids Responding appropriately to an angry customer Designing learner-centered training Content items Introduction (required) Facts (optional) Principle Statement (optional) Guidelines (required) Example (required) Non-Example (optional) Analogy (optional) Instructor Notes (optional)

47 Practice items Assessment items

48 Introduction (r) Importance (r) Objectives (r) Prerequisites (r) Scenario (o) Outline (r) Introduction (r) Facts (o) Definition (r) Example (r) Non-Example (o) Analogy (o) Instructor Notes (o) Introduction (r) Facts (r) Instructor Notes (o) Introduction (r) Facts (o) Procedure Table (e) Decision Table (e) Combined Table (e) Demonstration (o) Instructor Notes (o) Introduction (r) Facts (o) Staged Table (e) Block Diagrams (e) Cycle Charts (e) Instructor Notes (o) Introduction (r) Facts (o) Principle Statement (o) Guidelines (r)

49 Example (r) Non-Example (o) Analogy (o) Instructor Notes (o) Review (r) Next Steps (o) Additional Resources (o) (r) = required, (o) = optional, (e) = either.]

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53 Identifier (RESERVED, DC. Identifier)

54 Title(1:1, DC. Title) Catalog Entry(0:10,container) Catalog(0:1,the name of the catalog) Entry(0:1,actual value of the entry within the catalog) Language(0:10,DC.Language) Description(1:10,DC.Description) Keyword(0:10,) Coverage(0:10,DC.Coverage): Structure(0:1): [collection,mixed,linear,hierarchical,networked,branched,parceled,atomic.] Aggregation Level (0:1, the functional granularity of this resource) [1: smallest level of aggregation, 4: the largest level of granularity] Version (0:1) Status (0:1, the state or condition this resource is in) [draft, final, revised, unavailable] Contribute (0:30, container) Role (0:1, kind of contribution) [author, publisher, unknown, initiator, terminator, validator, editor, graphic designer, technical implementer, content provider, technical validator, educational validator, script writer, instructional designer] Entity (0:40, the identification of and information about the people or organizations contributing to this resource, most relevant first, DC.Creator, DC.Publisher, DC.Contributor) Date (0:1, the date of contribution)

55 Identifier (a globally unique label that identifies this metadata record, RESERVED) Catalog Entry (0:10, an entry within a catalog given to the metadata instance, container) Catalog (0:1, the name of the catalog) Entry (0:1, actual string value of the entry in the catalog) Contribute (0:10, people or organizations that have affected the state of this metadata instance during its evolution, container) Role (0:1, kind of contribution) [creator, validator] Entity (0:10, the identification of and information about the people of organizations contributing to this metadata instance, a vcard element) Date (0:1, the date of the contribution) Metadata Scheme (1:10, the name and version of the authoritative specification used to create this metadata instance) Language (0:1) Format (1:40, DC.Format) Size (0:1, the size of the digital resource in bytes) Location (1:10, a location or a method that resolves to a location of the resource) Type (0:1) [text, URI] Requirement (0:40, the technical capabilities required in order to use this resource, container) Type (0:1, the technology required to use this resource) [operating system, browser]

56 Name (0:1, name of the required technology to use this resource) Minimum Version (0:1, lowest possible version of the required technology) Maximum Version (0:1) Installation Remarks (0:1) Other Platform Requirements (0:1) Duration (0:1, time a continuous resource takes when played at intended speed, in seconds) Interactivity Type (0:1, the flow of interaction between this resource and the intended user) [active, expositive, mixed, undefined] Learning Resource Type (0:10) [exercise, simulation, questionnaire, diagram, figure, graph, index, slide, table, narrative text, exam, experiment, problem statement, self assessment] Interactivity Level (0:1) [very low, low, medium, high, very high] Semantic Density (0:1, ) [very low, low, medium, high, very high] Intended End User Role (0:10) [teacher, author, learner, manager] Context (0:10) [primary education, higher education, vocational teaching, etc] Typical Age Range (0:5) Difficulty (0:1, difficulty level for target audience) [very easy, easy, medium, difficult, very difficult] Typical Learning Time (0:1) Description (0:1, ) Language (0:10)

57 Cost (1:1) [yes/no] Copyright and Other Restrictions (1:1) [yes/no] Description (0:1, ) Kind (0:1) [ispartof, haspart, requires, isrequiredby] Resource (0:1, container) Identifier (RESERVED) Description (0:1, ) Catalog Entry (0:10, container) Catalog (0:1) Entry (0:1) Person (0:1, the person who created this annotation) Date (0:1, data that this annotation was created) Description (0:1, the content of this annotation) Purpose (0:1, the purpose of classifying this resource) [discipline, idea, prerequisite, educational objective, accessibility restrictions, education level, skill level, security level] Taxon Path (0:15, a taxonomic path in a specific classification system, container) Source (0:1, the name of the classification system) Taxon (0:15, container) Id (0:1, the identifier of the taxon) [e.g., 300]

58 Entry (0:1, the textual label of the taxon) [e.g., Social Science] Description (0:1, the description of the resource relative to the stated classification.purpose) Keyword (0:1, the keywords or phrases descriptive of the resource relative to the stated classification.purpose)

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62 18 source: ZD Net PC Online

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66 : LCMS=LMS+CMS, Maish Michani,

67 CMS] : LCMS=LMS+CMS, Maish Michani,

68 [ LCMS] : LCMS=LMS+CMS, Maish Michani,

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70 [ ]

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78 BOOK 1: The SCORM Overview SCORM BOOK 2: The SCORM Content Aggregation Model BOOK 3: The SCORM Run Time Environment Meta-data Dictionary (from IEEE) Content Packaging (from IMS) Content Structure (derived from AICC) Data Model (from AICC) Launch, Communication API (from AICC) (Meta-data XML Binding and Best Practice (from IMS)

79 26 Industry Standards that relate to Computerized Assessments, Question Mark Co

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83 28 / ICT,,, 9 5,

84 : e-learning Interoperability Standards Sun Microsystems,

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86 Organization ADL AICC ALIC ANSI Full Name Advanced Distribute d Learning initiative Aviation Industry CBT Committee Advanced Learning Infrastructure Consortium American National Standards Institute ARIADNEAlliance of Remote Type Role Description U.S. Federal initiative with participation open to all who can contribute. Industry consortium. Offers membership to all interested organizations. Documents, validates, promotes, and sometimes funds the creation of specifications and standards from other sources. Produces specifications. Has implemented a certification program. Has turned its Web-based e- learning work over to the ADL and IEEE LTSC. Open consortium ALIC primarily that includes validates and academic, corporate, documents and specifications from individual members other sources although it is producing some of its own. Part of its mission promotional. Non-profit Produces accredited organization with standards and open corporate, accredits standards educational, organizations. agency, and individual memberships. Foundation. Membership is Produces specifications is and Joint White House - DOD initiative. Sponsors "co-labs" for testing and implementation and disseminates the "Sharable Content Object Reference Model" (SCORM). An industry consortium that has produced many important "guidelines and recommendations" (i.e., specifications) for computer based training. A Japanese coalition of private and public organizations promoting the adoption of e-learning in Japan ANSI is ANSI is a private, nonprofit organization that administers and coordinates the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It is recoginized by ISO as the U.S. national standards body. ANSI accredits numerous other standards bodies, including the IEEE. The ANSI reference library is an excellent resource. For a list of international accredited standards organizations, see internet/intl_reg.html. A European Foundation with members from industry and 30 : Eduworks Corporation

87 CEN/ISSS WS-LT CLEO DCMI Remote Instructional and Distribution Networks Europe for Comité Européen de Normalisation/Inf ormation Society Standardization System Workshop - Learning Technology Customized Learning Experiences Online Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Membership is open to all interested parties specifications and tools/services based on those specifications. CEN is an Validates, modifies, accredited and disseminates standards body, specifications for the but its workshops European space. function as open groups that invite expert participation and do not produce accredited standards. Closed consortium. Gathers requirements. Makes suggestions for early specifications. Open consortium. Produces disseminates specifications. ebxml e-business XML Producing specifications as open industry standards EdNA EICA Education Network Australia Energy Industry CBT Consortium Austalian Validates, initiative funded documents, and jointly disseminates managed by all specifications Australian ministries of education. Closed Consortium. and and and standards as a free service to Australian educators. Intends to act as an e-learning consumer and participant in standardization efforts. members from industry and academia that has created specifications and technology for online learning. CEN/ISSS Workshops are funded by the European Commission and are centered arround a series of deliverables. The Learning Technologies work programs include internationalization and translation of IEEE Learning Object Metadata, a report on the feasibility of educational copyright licenses, quality standards for learning technology, a repository of taxonomies, and a bulletin on standards activities. CLEO operates under the IEEE Industry Standards and Technology Organization. CLEO participants are IBM Mindspan Solutions, Cisco Systems, Microsoft Corporation, click2learn, and NetG. CLEO's goals are to conduct focused, applied research on technical and pedagogical issues related to the ADL Sharable Content Reference Model (SCORM). An open forum engaged in the development of interoperable online metadata standards that support a broad range of purposes and business models. ebxml is sponsored by UN/CEFACT and OASIS. It produces specifications that enable enterprises to exchange business messages, conduct trading relationships, communicate data in common terms and define and register business processes. Australian gateway to resources and services for education and training. EdNA disseminates and participates in the creation of an extensive set of technical standards. The EICA is an international association of large energy companies that use technologybased training. The EICA provides an organizational structure for IT, HR, Training, EH&S and other professionals to collaborate on h d h l b d i i

88 E-Learning Consortium Masie E-learning Consortium HR-XML HR-XML Consortium IEEE LTSCInstitute Electronic Electrical Engineers Learning Technology Standards Committee IETF IMS Internet Engineering Task Force IMS Global Learning Consortium for and Open consortium with a limited number of available memberships Not really part of the standardization cycle, but can serve as a promotional and dissemination arena. shared technology-based training objectives. The EICA mission is to establish the energy industry as one of the leading industries influencing the future of technology-based training, and to more effectively manage the growth of technology-based training within the energy industry. The E-learning Consortium is sponsored by the Masie Center and is a collaboration of major corporations, government agencies, and e-learning providers focused on the future of e- Learning. The consortium is intended to be a community of practice which provides an informational network and selfgenerated data on e-learning practices and technology. The Masie center focuses Open consortium. The HR-XML The HR-XML consortium is an consortium produces independent, non-profit specifications with organization dedicated to the the intention of development and promotion of producing industry standardized XML vocabularies standards. for human resources. Among the schemas being produced are schemas for cross-process objects, competencies, recruiting and staffing, and staffing industry data exchange standards, all of which could be relevant to e-learning systems. Accredited standards body. Open organization. Produces accredited standards. Produces specifications standards. and Open consortium. Produces specifications; offers workshops, developer d support, i Accredited standards body dealing with learning technology standards. IETF is an open international community of network designers, operators, vendors, and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet. IETF produces specifications (known as "requests for comments, or RFC's), guidelines, and standards. An industry/academia consortium that develops specifications. Started by the National Learning Infrastructure Iniitiative (in turn d b Ed C

89 ISO ISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 International Standards Organization International Standards Organization/ International Electrotechnical Committee Joint Technical Committee 1 (Information Technology Standards), Subcommittee 36: Standards Learning, Education, Training for and JA-SIG Java in OASIS and executive briefings; and is creating a conformance and testing program intended to be licensed by industry and national consortia and organizations. Membership in ISO produces ISO is restricted accredited open to national standards. bodies. A member body of ISO is defined as the national body "most representative of standardization in its country". Membership is SC36 produces open to national accredited standards bodies. SC36 has liaisons with other relevant standards bodies. sponsored by EduCom, now EduCause) in ISO creates international standards through an open process based on industry-wide concensus. ISO standards become legal mandates in many countries. SC36 is an international standards body creating accredited open standards. Representation to SC36 is by national bodies. The CEN/ISSS Workshop on Learning Technology and the IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee have liaisons with SC36 that permit active contributions. Many, although certainly not all, of the current SC36 projects have their roots in IEEE LTSC standardization efforts. Open consortium. JA-SIG plays a JA-SIG is an independent Administration dissemenation and organization designed to increase Special Interest nteworking role and the flow of information between Group is supporting the educational institutions and development of a companies involved in the free, open source, development of administrative open standard portal applications using Java for higher education: technology. uportal. Organization Open industry Produce for the consortium specifications as Advancement of open industry Structured Information Standards standards structured OASIS is an international, not-forprofit consortium that advances electronic business by promoting open, collaborative development of interoperability specifications based on XML, SGML, and other information architectures. OASIS operates XML.ORG, a non-commercial portal that tracks the use of XML in industry

90 OKI PROMETE US SIF SISC UN/CEFAC T W3C Open Knowledge Initiative PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in EUropean Society Schools Interoperability Framework Simulation Interoperability Standards Committee Closed consortium academic institutions. Membership expanding. of is OKI is creating both OKI is creating a free open source specifications and course management system for reference higher education. In the process it implementations. is developing an architectural specification and specifications for a variety of relevent API's in cooperation with the IMS Global Learning Consortium, ADL, JA- SIG, and others. Open consortium. Comments on specifications and standards and offers networking support. Open consortium. Producing a specification as an open industry standard. Accredited standards body United Nations Open to General facilitation Centre participation by of information for Trade recognized exchange Facilitation and Electronic organizations (see their Web site). Business Invited experts also participate. World Wide Web Consortium PROMETEUS is an open initiative launched in March 1999 under the sponsorship of the European Commission with the aim of building a common approach to the production and provision of e- learning technologies and content in Europe. It operates via a Memorandum of Understanding signed by all members and sponsor SIG's and expert communities. WARNING: SLOW MEDIA-RICH WEB SITE. A division of the Software & Information Industry Association creating an XML specification for managing and sharing data for K- 12. Produce accredited SISC is an IEEE accredited standards standards body that develops simulation interoperability standards. It is part of SISO, the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization, that serves several other coordination and dissemination functions for simulation standards. SISC produced the High Level Architecture standards that are used by the simulation industry. Open consortium. W3C produces open specifications called "recommendations" and plays an important dissemination and testing role. It also produces reference implementations h h AMAYA UN/CEFACT is the United Nations body whose mandate covers worldwide policy and technical development in the area of trade facilitation and electronic business. It is the organization that produced the international EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) standard. The W3C creates the specifications, guidelines, software, and tools for the World Wide Web. The W3C concentrates on general infrasctructure such as HTTP. HTML, XML, RDF, SOAP, and Web Accessibility Guidelins. None of its work is specific to e- learning, although the only " li i " i h d d

91 WebDAV Web-based Distributed Authoring Versioning Open group. and such as the AMAYA "application" it has ever produced Web browser. is Mathematics Markup Language (MathML), which is of educational importance. working Producing specification. XML.org XML.org Web portal Information portal sponsored by OASIS, and open industry consortium a WebDAV.org is developing DAV, a specification for collaborative work over the Web. It has submitted its work to IETF for open standardization. XML.org povides public access to XML information and XML Schemas. XML.org is maintained by OASIS

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93 Local Testing/Assessment Sequencing Content Service Service Selection Repository SCORM Remote Course Administration Service Content Management Service Content Packages Content Repositories Launch Learner Profiles Service Tracking Service Delivery Service SCORM Content Browser Generalized Learning SCORM (SCOs & Assets) (Presentation) Management Tracking SCORM System Model Data API API Adapter

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103 34 : SCORM: A sharable and interoperable model for e-learning, Pramod Jain,

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107 Paradigm Shifts and Challenges for Instructional Designers, Steven Schatz,

108 36 : LCMS = LMS + CMS [RLOs], Maish Nichani,

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112 RM e-learning , : (02) : (02) < >

SchoolNet튜토리얼.PDF

SchoolNet튜토리얼.PDF Interoperability :,, Reusability: : Manageability : Accessibility :, LMS Durability : (Specifications), AICC (Aviation Industry CBT Committee) : 1988, /, LMS IMS : 1997EduCom NLII,,,,, ARIADNE (Alliance