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1 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 1 호 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(1): ISSN (Print) ISSN (Online) DOI : /jkos = 임상보고 = 초기외상성앞방출혈에서초음파생체현미경의임상적의의 장동호 1 이평 1 이승찬 2 진경현 1 경희대학교의학전문대학원안과학교실 1, 강원대학교의학전문대학원안과학교실 2 목적 : 초기외상성앞방출혈에서초음파생체현미경을이용한양안앞방각간거리계측의임상적의의를알아보고자하였다. 대상과방법 : 외상성앞방출혈로입원한 46 명을대상으로입원초기앞방출혈의양을조사하고, 초음파생체현미경을통한앞방각후퇴범위, 앞방각간거리 (AOD500) 를측정하여이들간의관련성을알아보고자하였다. 결과 : 외상성앞방출혈환자에서입원시실시한초음파생체현미경상의앞방각후퇴의범위가넓은군에서수상안과건안간의앞방각간거리의차가유의하게컸다 (p=0.008). 입원초기앞방출혈의양이많은군에서수상안과건안간의앞방각간거리의차가더컸으나유의성을보이지는않았다. 결론 : 외상성앞방출혈환자에서혈병이있는초기에초음파생체현미경을이용하여양안앞방각간거리를측정하면앞방각후퇴의범위를추측해볼수있을것이다. < 대한안과학회지 2010;51(1): > 눈외상때흔히볼수있는외상성앞방출혈은그합병증으로재출혈, 각막및수정체색소침착, 이차성녹내장, 망막부종, 망막박리, 황반부열공등이나타날수있어현저하게시력이저하될수있다. 특히앞방각후퇴가있는경우에는이차성녹내장이빈번하게나타나환자의시력에커다란영향을미칠수있다. 1-3 앞방각후퇴의정도는일반적으로앞방각경검사를통해이루어지는데앞방각경검사는외상성앞방출혈초기에출혈이검사시야를가리면정확히측정하기가어렵고, 객관적인정량화가어렵다. 하지만초음파생체현미경은비침습적이며객관적으로정량화가가능한검사법으로앞방출혈이있는눈에서앞방각을측정하는것이가능한데이때앞방각간거리 (angle-opening distance 500, 이하, AOD500) 가많이쓰인다. 이는공막극에서 500 μm 떨어진섬유주의한점에서섬유주에가상으로수직선을만들어홍채와만나는지점까지의거리를의미한다 (Fig. 1). 저자들은초음파생체현미경을통해앞방각을측정하였고앞방출혈양, 앞방각후퇴범위등과의관련성을알아보았다. 접수일 : 2008 년 5 월 2 일 심사통과일 : 2009 년 9 월 15 일 책임저자 : 진경현서울시동대문구회기동 1 경희대학교병원안과 Tel: , Fax: khjinmd@khmc.or.kr * 본논문의요지는 2006 년대한안과학회제 95 회춘계학술대회에서구연으로발표되었음. 대상과방법 외상성앞방출혈로 2002년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지경희대학교의과대학부속병원안과에입원한환자중초음파생체현미경을시행했던 46명을대상으로하였다. 초음파생체현미경을이용한전안부계측은 P-45 UBM plus 초음파생체현미경 (Paradigm, KENT, U.K.) 을이용하였다. 피검자는천장에붙여놓은주시점을주시하도록하고초음파생체현미경의탐색자를움직여 12시, 3시, 6시, 9시방향에서안구의수평및수직동일선상에서의중앙의앞방각화면과주변의앞방각화면을촬영하여저장하였다. 외상성앞방출혈의초기에초음파생체현미경검사를시행하면재출혈의위험성이증가할수있으므로검사시최대한조심스럽게검사를시행하였으며환자에게는재출혈의가능성을미리고지하고외상초기에차후의위험성의예측에도움이되는장점을설명하였다. Gain은 70dB로시행하였으며 8 Hz의스캔속도로 5 5 mm의영상을촬영하였다. 전안부의계측치로는 AOD500을이용하였는데, 이는공막극에서 500 μm 떨어진섬유주의한점에서섬유주에가상으로수직선을만들어홍채와만나는지점까지의거리로측정하였다 (Fig. 1). 12시, 3시, 6시, 9시의 4방향에서영상의촬영을시행한후수상안과건안의각 4방향에서의 AOD500 을계측하고앞방각후퇴의유무를조사하였다. 이때계측은초음파생체현미경내의 caliper 기능을이용하여시행하였다. 앞방각후퇴는초음파생체현미경상의영상에서섬모체 106

2 - 장동호외 : 초음파생체현미경과외상성앞방출혈 - Figure 1. Ultrasound biomicroscopic image of the anterior chamber and the definition of angle-opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur (AOD500). 앞면을가로지르는파열이존재할경우 4 로정의하여유무를결정하였다 (Fig. 2). Kobayashi et al 5 에의하면 AOD500이연령에따라 166~509 μm로차이가있다고하였고, 본연구도대상이된환자의연령층이 9~64세로다양하였기때문에단순히 AOD500만비교할경우연령차에의한 AOD500이차이가나서통계적차이를유발할수도있을것이라생각하였다. 따라서 AOD500의연령간차이를보정하기위해수상안과건안의 AOD500의차이를이용하였다. 또한앞방각후퇴의범위는초음파생체현미경상에서앞방각후퇴의범위가 12 시, 3시, 6시, 9시방향중에서한군데에서나타난군과 2 군데이상에서나타난군으로분류하였다. 앞방각후퇴의범위와 AOD500 을비교할때는앞방각후퇴가있는방향의측정값과건안에서동일방향의측정값을비교하였고, 앞방각후퇴의범위가두군데이상에서나타난군에서는수상안의앞방각후퇴가가장심한방향의측정값만을비교하였다. Agapitos et al 6 에의하면입원초기앞방출혈의양은앞방내혈병이보이지않을때를 grade 0 (microscopic), 혈병이앞방용적내 1/3 미만일때를 gradeⅠ, 1/3 이상 1/2 미만일때를 grade Ⅱ, 1/2 이상일때를 grade Ⅲ, 전출혈일때를 grade Ⅳ로분류하였다. 그런데 Jung et al 7 에의하면 Figure 2. The photographs of the anterior segment and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in 2 traumatic hyphema patients (A, B). The angle recession (short arrow) was seen in UBM photograph at 12 and 3 o clock (in the middle upper and lower photograph). The blood clot (long arrow) is well-visualized in the UBM photograph at 6 o clock (in the right upper and lower photograph)

3 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 1 호 AOD 500 ( μ m) AOD500 in trauma tic eye point of angle recession(+) 2 point of angle recession(+) AOD500 in trauma tic eye AOD500 in nontrauma tic eye Grade of angle recession Figure 3. The grade of angle recession and angle opening distance 500 (AOD500) (μm). The difference of AOD500 in traumatic & nontraumatic eye measured by UBM at admission were increased statistically significantly in larger area recessed angle group (p=0.008). 앞방출혈의양이앞방용적내 1/3 이상일경우에시력저하의발생빈도가통계적으로유의하게높다고하여본연구에서는앞방출혈의양이앞방용적내 1/3 미만일때 (grade I 이하군 ) 를 group 1, 1/3 이상일때 (grade II 이상군 ) 를 group 2로분류하여비교하였다. 또한연구기간동안안외상으로본원에내원한환자중초기앞방출혈의양이 grade 0 이상이고앞방각후퇴가있는모든환자를입원대상으로하였다. 통계적검정은 SPSS 13.0 통계프로그램을사용하여수상안과건안간의 AOD500의차이는 paired t-test 로검정하였고, 입원초기앞방출혈의양, 초음파생체현미경을통한앞방각후퇴범위, AOD500 간의통계적의의를알아보 Table 1. Patient demographics Study subjects (n=46) Gender Male 37 (80%) Female 9 (20%) Age (years) Mean ± SD * 33.3±19.0 Range 9~64 Laterality of affected eye Right 24 (52%) Left 22 (48%) Initial blood clot grade grade 0 9 (19.6%) Group 1 grade Ⅰ 33 (71.7%) 42 (91.3%) grade Ⅱ 2 (4.3%) grade Ⅲ Group 2 1 (2.2%) 4 (8.7%) grade Ⅳ 1 (2.2%) * SD=standard deviation. 기위해 Mann-Whitney U 검정을사용하였다. p<0.05에서통계적으로유의한것으로간주하였다. 결 과 대상자 46명중남자가 37명 (80%), 여자가 9명 (20%) 이었고, 연령은 9~64 세로평균 33.30±19.0세였다. 수상안은우안이 24명 (52%), 좌안이 22명 (48%) 이었다 (Table 1). 각 4 분면에서측정된수상안의평균 AOD500 은 ± μm, 건안의평균 AOD500 은 ± μm 로서수상안에서의 AOD500이건안의 AOD500보다의미있게컸다 (p=0.000) (Table 2). 또한수상안과건안의 AOD500의차이의평균은 μm이었다. 앞방각후퇴가초음파생체현미경상에서 12시, 3시, 6시, 9시방향중한군데에서나타난군과두군데이상에서나 Table 2. Angle-opening distance 500 (μm) in traumatic and nontraumatic eye, and the difference of angleopening distance 500 (μm) in traumatic and nontraumatic eye (Mean±SD * ) AOD 500 (μm) Traumatic eye ± Nontraumatic eye ± Traumatic eye AOD ± Nontraumatic eye AOD500 p-value * SD=standard deviation; AOD500=angle-opening distance 500; p-value=statistical significance evaluated by paired t-test

4 - 장동호외 : 초음파생체현미경과외상성앞방출혈 - Table 3. The difference of angle-opening distance 500 (μm) in traumatic and nontraumatic eye according to degree of angle recession The degree of angle recession ( ) traumatic eye AOD500* nontraumatic eye AOD500* p-value 1 point of angle recession (+) ± point of angle recession (+) ± * AOD500=angle-opening distance 500; p-value=statistical significance evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test; Angle recession was estimated in the 4 points (12, 3, 6, 9 o clock) in the UBM. Table 4. Angle-opening distance 500 (μm) in traumatic and nontraumatic eye, and the difference of angle-opening distance 500 (μm) in traumatic and nontraumatic eye according to the grade group of initial blood clot The grade of initial blood clot group traumatic eye AOD500* nontraumatic eye AOD500* p-value Group ± Group ± * AOD500=angle-opening distance 500; p-value=statistical significance was evaluated by Mann-Whitney U test; Group 1=initial blood clot grade 0, Ⅰ; Group 2=initial blood clot grade Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ 타난군으로나눈결과앞방각후퇴가한군데에서나타난군 (39명) 과앞방각후퇴가두군데이상에서나타난군 (7명 ) 의수상안의 AOD500 은 ± μm, ± μm이었고, 앞방각후퇴가한군데에서나타난군과두군데이상에서나타난군에서의수상안과건안의 AOD500 의차이는 ± μm, ± μm로앞방각후퇴의범위가넓은군에서수상안과건안간의 AOD500의차가유의하게컸다 (p=0.008) (Fig. 3), (Table 3). 입원초기앞방출혈의양이앞방용적내 1/3 미만일때 (Grade I 이하군 ) 를 group 1, 1/3 이상일때 (Grade II 이상군 ) 를 group 2로분류할때 group 1이 42안 (91.3%), group 2이 4안 (8.7%) 이었다 (Table 1). 각군에서의수상안과건안의 AOD500의차를비교한결과 group 1, group 2에서의수상안과건안간의 AOD500의차는각각 ± μm, ± μm으로앞방출혈의양이많은군에서 AOD500의차가더컸으나통계적으로유의하지는않았다 (p=0.173) (Table 4). 고찰 안외상때흔히볼수있는외상성앞방출혈의예후는 75% 에서 0.4 이상의교정시력예후를보인다고알려져있다. 8,9 외상성앞방출혈후불량한최종시력과관련된요인으로는후안부의손상, 전안부의손상, 초기시력 0.1 이하, 녹내장, 유리체출혈, 눈꺼풀열상, Grade Ⅰ 이상의입원초기앞방출혈, 16세이상의 older age group 등이있다. 10 또한외상성앞방출혈환자에서앞방출혈의양이 Grade Ⅱ 이상군이 Grade Ⅰ 이하군에비해재출혈과시력저하의발생빈도가통계적으로유의하게높았다고한다. 7 초음파생체현미경은고주파의초음파를이용하여 4 mm section의단면영상을제공하여홍채, 뒤방, 모양체소대, 모양체, 수정체의해부학적관계를통해진단적인도움을받을수있는검사이다. 11,12 실제로초음파생체현미경은섬모체소대의상태, 앞방각후퇴, 섬모체해리가있는경우나이물의진단에다른진단적도구보다탁월한검사로알려져있다 또한흔히외상성앞방출혈환자에서행해지는앞방각경검사상혈병이앞방내에존재하는초기에는앞방각후퇴의범위파악에어려움이있지만, 초음파생체현미경을이용할경우혈병이있을경우에도시각적으로직접앞방각을관찰할수있으며객관적으로정량화하여앞방각후퇴를알수있는장점이있다 (Fig. 2). Lee et al 16 은외상성앞방출혈환자 43명중 36명 (84%) 에서앞방각후퇴를보였으며평균앞방각후퇴범위는 286 였고, 앞방각후퇴를보인 36명중 13명 (36%) 에서지속적인안압상승을보였으며평균앞방각후퇴범위는 309 이었고 360 가 8명 (61%), 180~360 미만이 4명 (31%), 150 가 1명 (8%) 으로, 안좌상에의한외상성앞방출혈환자는대부분에서앞방각후퇴가발견되고, 앞방각후퇴의범위가넓을수록지속적인안압상승을나타내는빈도가높다고하였다. 앞방각후퇴의범위가넓을수록지속적인안압상승을나타내는빈도가높은경향에비추어외상초기에앞방각후퇴의범위를알수있다면차후에지속적인안압상승의경향이있다고예측할수있는데, 그동안은앞방각후퇴의범위를파악하는방법으로앞방각경검사를사용하여왔다. 하지만이검사의특성상검사자의주관적인판정에따르는부분이많고정량적인검사가되지못하며출혈이검사시야를가리면검사자체가불가능한경우가많아앞방각후퇴의범위파악에어려움이많았다. 따라서저자들은외상성앞방출혈의초기에초음파생체현미경검사를통해앞방각간 109

5 - 대한안과학회지 2010 년제 51 권제 1 호 - 거리를정량적으로계측하여앞방각후퇴의범위, 앞방출혈의양과의관계를규명하여외상성앞방출혈초기의초음파생체현미경검사의유용성을알아보고자하였다. 본연구에서는앞방각후퇴의범위가넓은군에서수상안과건안간의 AOD500 의차가유의하게컸고 (p=0.008) 입원초기앞방출혈의양이많은군에서 AOD500의차가더컸으나통계적으로는유의하지않은결과를보였는데 (p= 0.173) 이는연구대상개체수의문제로생각된다. 따라서외상초기초음파생체현미경검사를통해측정한수상안과건안간의앞방각간거리의차는앞방각후퇴범위의넓이와는밀접한관계가있다고생각되며향후충분히연구대상자수를확보한연구가이루어진다면앞방출혈의양이많은군과 AOD500의차의관계에서도의미있는결과가도출될것으로생각된다. 앞방각경검사등의이전의검사방법으로는객관화된수치를제공하지못하여정량적인연구나예후예측에어려움이있었지만, 본연구에서처럼외상초기초음파생체현미경을통해측정한 AOD500 및건안과의차이라는객관화된수치는앞방각후퇴의범위를예측하여환자의치료과정및예후에있어서, 향후지속적인안압상승가능성을시사하는하나의변수로서의가치가있을것으로생각된다. 참고문헌 1) Tesluk GC, Spaeth GL. The occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral anglecleavage glaucoma. Ophthalmology 1985;92: ) Pettit TH, Keates EU. Traumatic cleavage of the chamber angle. Br J Ophthalmol 1963;69: ) Kaufman JH, Tolpin DW. Glaucoma after traumatic angle recession. Am J Ophthalmol 1974;78: ) Sihota R, Kumar S, Gupta V, et al. Early predictors of traumatic glaucoma after closed globe injury: trabecular pigmentation, widened angle recess, and higher baseline intraocular pressure. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;126: ) Kobayashi H, Ono H, Kiryu J, et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopic measurement of development of anterior chamber angle. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83: ) Agapitos PJ, Noel LP, Clarke WN. Traumatic hyphema in children. Ophthalmology 1987;94: ) Jung KS, Hong SW, Chang HK. The incidence of complication and decreased visual acuity in traumatic hyphema patients according to the amount of blood clot. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1997; 38: ) Edwards WC, Layden WE. Traumatic hyphema. Am J Ophthalmol 1973;75:110. 9) Crouch ER Jr, Crouch ER. Management of traumatic hyphema: therapeutic options. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1999;36: ) Cho JS, Jun BK, Lee YJ, et al. Factors associated with the poor final visual outcome after traumatic hyphema. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1998;12: ) Pavlin CJ, Harasiewicz K, Sherar MD, Foster FS. Clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ophthalmology 1991;98: ) Foster FS, Palvin CJ, Harasiewicz KA, et al. Advances in ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound Med Biol 2000;26: ) Ozdal MP, Mansour M, Deschenes J. Ultrasound biomicroscopic evaluation of the traumatized eyes. Eye 2003;17: ) Berinstein DM, Gentile RC, Sidoti PA, et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in anterior ocular trauma. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1997;28: ) Genovesi-Ebert F, Rizzo S, Chiellini S, et al. Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the assessment of penetrating or blunt anterior-chamber trauma. Ophthalmologica 1998;212: ) Lee KW, Park CH, Hahn DK. Anterior chamber angle recession and elevation of intraocular pressure. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 1987;28:

6 - 장동호외 : 초음파생체현미경과외상성앞방출혈 - =ABSTRACT= Clinical Significance of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Early Stage of Traumatic Hyphema Dong Ho Chang, MD 1, Pyung Lee, MD 1, Seung Chan Lee, MD 2, Kyung Hyun Jin, MD 1 Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University, College of Medicine 1, Seoul, Korea Department of Ophthalmology, Kangwon University, College of Medicine 2, Chuncheon, Korea Purpose: To evaluate the clinical significance of angle-opening distance 500 (AOD500) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the early stage of traumatic hyphema. Methods: The participants of this study were 46 hospitalized traumatic hyphema patients. We measured the quantity of initial blood clotting using a slit-lamp and the range of angle recession, AOD500 using UBM and then reviewed the relationship between the two. Results: The difference of AOD500 in the traumatic and the non-traumatic eye measured by UBM at admission increased significantly in the wider recessed angle group (p=0.008), but did not increase at a statistically significantly level in the larger initial blood clot grade group ( Grade 2). Conclusions: These results suggest that the measurement of the angle-opening distance of both eyes using UBM will aid in evaluating the range of angle recession in patients in the early stage of traumatic hyphema. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2010;51(1): Key Words: Angle-opening distance 500 (AOD 500), Traumatic hyphema, Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) Address reprint requests to Kyung Hyun Jin, MD Department of Ophthalmology, KyungHee University College of Medicine #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul , Korea Tel: , Fax: , khjinmd@khmc.or.kr 111

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770>

<283732372D3733312920B4D9C3CAC1A120BCD2C7C1C6AEC4DCC5C3C6AEB7BBC1EEC0C720B3EBBEC8C0C720BDC3B7C2BAB8C1A4BFA120B4EBC7D120C0AFBFEBBCBA20C6F2B0A1283035292E687770> 대한안과학회지 제 49 권 제 5 호 2008 J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 49(5):727-731, 2008 DOI : 10.3341/jkos.2008.49.5.727 다초점 소프트콘택트렌즈의 노안의 시력보정에 대한 유용성 평가 김현경 1 김효명 2 정성근 1 가톨릭대학교 의과대학 성모병원 안과학교실 1, 고려대학교 의과대학 안암병원 안과학교실

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