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1 대한진단검사의학회지제 28 권제 3 호 8 Korean J Lab Med 8;28:27-13 DOI /kjlm 원저 진단면역학 국내매독검사의외부신빙도조사현황 송은영 1 양주석 2 채석래 3 김세림 1 최영숙 1 차영주 4 건국대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 1, 중앙대학교병원진단검사의학과 2, 동국대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 3, 중앙대학교의과대학진단검사의학교실 4 Current Status of External Quality Assessment of Syphilis Test in Korea Eun Young Song, M.D. 1, Joo-Seok Yang, M.T. 2, Seok-Lae Chae, M.D. 3, Serim Kim, M.D. 1, Young Sook Choi, M.D. 1, and Young-Joo Cha, M.D. 4 Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University College of Medicine 1, Seoul; Chung-Ang University Hospital 2, Seoul; Dongguk University College of Medicine 3, Goyang; Chung-Ang University College of Medicine 4, Seoul, Korea Background : Current status of external quality assessment (EQA) of laboratory tests for syphilis in Korea was analyzed to find out the problems that should be improved in the future. Methods : Based on the data from the external quality assessment program performed twice a year by the Immunoserology Subcommittee of the Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory from the year 4 to 6, discordance rates were analyzed according to the test method and commercial kit used. Results : Among the laboratories participating in the EQA program for syphilis test, about 9% of them used non-treponemal tests and about 55% treponemal tests. The non-treponemal tests included RPR (rapid plasma reagin) and VDRL tests used in 88% (363/412) and 11% (45/412), respectively, of the laboratories. The discordance rates were 2.2% for RPR test and 3.6% for VDRL. For the treponemal tests, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA) was used in 6-76% and Immunochromatography assay (ICA) in about 3% of the laboratories in 6. A high discordance rate of over 1% was reported in both TPHA and in ICA methods, possibly due to a low titer (1:1 in VDRL) of EQA samples in 5. Analysis of the accumulated data from year 4 to 6 showed that the discordance rates of TPHA, ICA, and FTA-ABS were 4.6%, 3.7%, and 2.7%, respectively. Conclusions : For syphilis tests, RPR test, TPHA, and ICA are mainly used in Korea. A high discordance rate is still reported in TPHA and ICA, especially when testing samples with a low titer. Further analysis of data and education of laboratory personnel are needed for the improvement of the EQA program. (Korean J Lab Med 8;28:27-13) Key Words : External quality assessment, Syphilis, Non-treponemal test, Treponemal test 서 론 접 수 : 8년 1월 8일 접수번호 : KJLM215 수정본접수 : 8년 3월 24일 게재승인일 : 8년 4월 16일 교신저자 : 차영주 우 서울시동작구흑석동 중앙대학교병원진단검사의학과 전화 : , Fax: chayoung@cau.ac.kr 매독은 Treponema pallidum에의해발생되는만성적이고전신적인감염성질환으로주로성적접촉으로전파되며, 병기에따라다양한임상양상을보인다. 194년대페니실린이개발된이후발생이급격히감소하였으나최근 HIV 감염증가와정맥약물남용자의증가로인하여발생이다시증가하는양상을보이고있다 [1]. 매독의진단과치료효과판정에있어혈청학적 27
2 28 송은영 양주석 채석래외 3 인 검사가가장널리사용되고있으며 [2], 실제임상검사실에서검사의질을유지하는것이매우중요하다. 그간매독검사를포함하는혈청학적검사전반에관련된외부신빙도조사를분석한보고는있었으나 [3-8], 매독검사에대하여자세히분석한보고는많지않다. 최근독일에서 -3년동안 8회에걸쳐매독검사에대하여시행한전국적인외부신빙도조사를자세히분석하여보고하였는데, 4여참여기관중 71% 에서만환자의임상소견에대한정확한판정결과를보고하여, 아직도매독검사및판독에있어많은문제점이있으며이에대한개선이필요하다고하였다 [8]. 국내에서는매독검사에대한외부신빙도조사는현재대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과에포함되어연 2회시행되어보고되고있으나 [9-12], 아직까지검사법및제조사별로외부신빙도조사결과에대한자세한분석이이루어지지못하였다. 미국의병리학회 (College of American Pathologists) 에서시행하는매독의외부신빙도조사 (CAP survey) 의결과분석도각각의외부신빙도조사에대해서참여기관의결과가같이첨부되나통계자료는제시되지않고있다 [13-18]. 이에본연구에서는대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과의매독검사에대한외부신빙도조사의최근자료 (4-6년 ) 를분석하여국내매독검사의현황을파악하고, CAP survey의최근자료를통계분석한결과와비교하였다. 이를통해국내매독검사의질 (quality) 의유지가 CAP survey에참여하고있는기관들과비교하여어느정도수준인지확인하며, 불일치결과를보고한경우에대해서는그원인을분석하여이를개선하기위하여어떠한방안을모색할수있는지알아보고자하였다. 재료및방법국내의외부신빙도조사결과는대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과에서 4-6년까지매년 2회씩시행한 3년간의외부신빙도조사결과를대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과의보관된자료를분석하였고, CAP survey 자료는 5-6년까지의매년 3회씩시행한총 6회의결과보고서 [8-13] 를바탕으로자료를분석하였다. 국내에서시행한매독의외부신빙도조사는각회당 2종의신빙도조사물질을환자혈청및혈액원에서공급받은혈장을이용하여자체제조하여발송하였고, 5년도 2차조사에서만상품화된관리물질인 Syphilis Control (Mediace RPR Con, Sekisui, Japan) High Level (Lot No ) 을사용하였다. 발송전실시한 Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 검사 (Becton Dickson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) 에서 4 년도신빙도조사양성물질은모두 1:2, 5년도에는모두 1:1 의역가를보였고, 6년도에는 1차에서는 1:1, 2차에서는 1:4 의역가를보였다. 외부신빙도조사실시항목은 rapid plasma regain (RPR), 매독감작입자응집법 (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination, TPHA), 효소면역검사법 (enzyme immunoassay, EIA-IgG), 트레포네마형광항체흡착검사 (fluorescence treponema antibody absorption test, FTA-ABS), 혼탁면역측정법 (turbidoimmunoassay, TIA) 이며, 정답과의불일치율 ( 이하불일치율 ) 은약양성 (weakly positive) 은양성 (positive) 으로간주하고참여기관의 8% 이상이보고한결과를정답으로판정하여불일치한기관수를전체참여기관수로나눈값으로정의하였다. CAP survey에서는각회당 5종의신빙도조사물질을검사하며실시항목은 VDRL (serum), VDRL (CSF), MHA-TP (microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum)/tp- PA (Treponema pallidum particle agglutination)/pk-tp (Olympus Corp., Tokyo, Japan), RPR, EIA-IgG, EIA-Reagin (VDRL), USR (unheated serum regain), FTA-ABS이며평가기준 (evaluation criteria) 은정성검사는 8% Participant Consensus, 역가검사는 target value ±1 titer를기준으로하여 (target value는모든보고된값의기하평균값의위, 아래두 titer로정한다.) 이를만족하지못하는경우에는원인에대해 exception reason code 를적어주며, 이에따라필요한조치를취하도록권장하고있다 [8-13]. 결과 1. 국내외부신빙도조사현황 1) 비트레포네마검사대한임상검사정도관리협회의외부신빙도조사에참여하고있는국내기관중비트레포네마검사의참여율은매년약 9% 이고, 비트레포네마검사에사용되는검사법의종류는 RPR법이 4-6년동안 86 (381/442)-89 (365/49)% 가사용되어평균 88% (363/412) 를차지하였으며, VDRL법은 1 (44/435)- 13 (48/385)% 로평균 11% (45/412) 에서실시되고있었다. 5 년 2차조사부터 TIA가 4기관 (1.%) 에서사용되기시작하여 6년도 2차조사에서는약 3% (14/442) 로증가하였다 (Fig. 1). RPR법은 4년부터 6년누적에서 61% (1322/2176) 가아산제약 (Kyounggi-do, Korea) 의키트를사용하고있었고,
3 EQA of Syphilis Test in Korea 29 25% (543/2176) 에서 Becton Dickson (BD) (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) 제품이사용되었고, 그밖에 IVD Lab (Kyounggido, Korea), ASI (Arlington Scientific, Inc.) (Springville, UT, USA), Biokit (Barcelona, Spain) 등의제품이일부사용되었다. VDRL법은 4년부터 6년누적에서 BD가 55.2% (15/272), 아산제약이 25.4% (69/272), Randox (Creemlin, UK) 가 4.4% (12/272) 에서사용되었고, TIA법은 25예의보고가모두 Sekisui (Tokyo, Japan) 의제품이었다 (Fig. 2). 불일치율분석에서는 VDRL은지난 3년의결과를누적하여분석시아산제약이 2.9% (2/69), BD 4.7% (7/15), Difco 3.3% (1/3) 의불일치율을보였고, RPR 검사는아산제약과 BD 모두전반적으로는 1-3% 정도의낮은불일치율을보였으나신빙도조사시행연도에따라 BD는 5년도 2차신빙도조사에서 No. of participants TIA VDRL RPR 4-1st 4-2nd 5-1st 5-2nd 6-1st 6-2nd Fig. 1. Distribution of the methods of non-treponemal tests used in Korea (4-6). Numbers of the participants who used each method were shown in each survey. Abbreviations: No., number; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; TIA, turbidoimmunoassay. Discordance rate (%) BD/BBL IVD Lab ASI 4-1st 4-2nd 5-1st 5-2nd 6-1st 6-2nd Fig. 3. Discordance rates of RPR test in Korea (4-6). Discordance rate was calculated as a number of participants with discordant results divided by a number of total participants. A discordant result was defined as a result different from the consensus (more than 8% of participants). Abbreviations: BD/BBL, Becton Dickinson; ASI, Arlington Scientific, Inc %, IVD Lab은 6년 1차에서 6.7%, ASI 키트는 5년 1차에서 14.3%, 6년 1차에서 11.1%, 6년 2차에서 4.8% 의불일치율을보고하였다 (Fig. 3). TIA법은아직시행예가많지않으나최근 2년간총 25예의결과보고중 2예 (8.%) 의불일치결과를보고하였다. 2) 트레포네마검사대한임상검사정도관리협회의외부신빙도조사에참여하고있는국내기관중트레포네마검사에의참여율은매년약 55% 내외였다. 검사법으로는 4년부터 6년까지 3년의기간중 Accumulated No. of participants 1,4 1, 1, BD/BBL ASI IVD Lab Biokit Others BD/BBL Randox Others Sekisui RPR VDRL TIA Fig. 2. Distribution of the manufacturers of non-treponemal tests used in Korea (4-6). Accumulated numbers of the participants who used each method and kit during the 3 yrs of surveys (4-6) were shown. Abbreviations: No., number; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; TIA, turbidoimmunoassay; BD/BBL, Becton Dickinson. No. of participants TIA EIA FTA-ABS PA ICA TPHA 4-1st 4-2nd 5-1st 5-2nd 6-1st 6-2nd Fig. 4. Distribution of the methods of treponemal tests used in Korea (4-6). Numbers of the participants who used each method were shown in each survey. Abbreviations: No., number; TPHA, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay; ICA, immunochromatography assay; PA, particle agglutination; FTA-ABS, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; TIA, turbidoimmunoassay.
4 21 송은영 양주석 채석래외 3 인 TPHA법이 6 (167/277)-68 (171/243)% 로가장높은사용비율을차지하였고, 면역크로마토그래피법 (Immunochromatography assay, ICA) 의비율이점차증가하여 6년에는약 3% (161/55) 를차지하였으며, TP-PA가 3 (8/257)-8 (21/ 261)% 였다. 그밖에 FTA-ABS가 4년부터 6년까지 3년누적시 2.4% (37/1573), TIA가.8% (12/1573), EIA가.1% (2/1573) 에서사용되었다 (Fig. 4). 제조사별로는 TPHA는아산제약이 83 (136/164)-93 (153/165)% 로대부분을차지하였다. ICA는에스디 (standard diagnostics, SD, Kyounggi-do, Korea) 사가 3년누적시 76.5% (335/438) 의비율을차지하였고, 아산제약과 Abbott (Abbott Park, IL, USA) 가각각 8.% (35/438), 1.3% (45/438) 를차지하였다. TP-PA법은총 93 예중 92 예가모두 Fujirebio사 (Tokyo, Japan) 제품이었고, FTA- ABS는 Zeus사 (Raritan, NJ, USA) 와 Scimedx사 (Denville, NJ, USA) 가각각 64.9% (24/37), 35.1% (13/37) 였고, TIA는 1예의보고가모두 Sekisui사 (Tokyo, Japan) 제품이었다 Accumulated No. of participants 1, Dade behring Randox Murex Abbott SD Abbott others Fujirebio SD Zeus Scimedex Dong-A Omega Sekisui FTA- TPHA ICA PA ABS EIA TIA Fig. 5. Distribution of the manufacturers of TPHA, ICA, FTA-ABS, EIA, and TIA in Korea (4-6). Accumulated numbers of the participants who used each method and kit during the 3 yrs of surveys (4-6) were shown. Abbreviation: See Fig. 4. (Fig. 5). 검사법및제조사별로불일치율을분석한결과, 4년에는 TPHA법과 ICA법모두 1% 이내의불일치율을보였으나, 5 년 1차조사에서는 TPHA는아산제약 1.2% (15/147), Dade Behring사가 28.6% (2/7), ICA는 SD 사가 17.% (9/53), 아산제약 16.7% (1/6), FTA-ABS법은 Zeus사가 2.% (1/5) 의높은불일치율을보였고, 5년 2차조사에서도 TPHA는아산제약 12.5% (18/144), Randox사 2.% (1/5), ICA는 Abbott 사가 57.1% (4/7) 의불일치율을보였다 (Fig. 6). 4-6년을누적하여 TPHA는 4.6% (46/991), ICA는 3.7% (16/438), FTA-ABS는 2.7% (1/37) 의불일치율을보였으며 TP-PA는 93예의보고중불일치가없었다 (Table 1). 2. 미국 CAP survey 현황 1) 비트레포네마검사 5년부터 6년까지의총 6회 ( 각회당 5검체 ) 의 CAP survey 회신결과를누적하여분석하여보면, VDRL은 64기 Table 1. Comparison of discordance rates between the external quality assessment program of College of American Pathologists (5-6) and that of the Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory (4-6) for serologic syphilis tests CAP ( 5-6) KAQACL ( 4-6) VDRL.1% 3.6% RPR.3% 2.2% TPHA/TP-PA/PK-TP.1% 4.2%* FTA-ABS.1% 2.7% * TPHA, 4.6%; TP-PA,.% Abbreviations: VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory; RPR, rapid plasma reagin; TPHA, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay; TP-PA, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination; CAP, College of American Pathologists; KAQACL, Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory. Discordance rate (%) TPHA- TPHA-Dade Behring TPHA-Randox ICA-SD ICA- ICA-Abbott FTA-ABS-Zeus 4-1st 4-2nd 5-1st 5-2nd 6-1st 6-2nd Fig. 6. Discordance rates of treponemal tests in Korea (4-6). Discordance rate was calculated as a number of participants with discordant results divided by a number of the total participants. The discordant result was defined as a result different from the consensus (more than 8% of participants). Abbreviations: TPHA, Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay; ICA, immunochromatography assay; FTA-ABS, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test.
5 EQA of Syphilis Test in Korea 211 No. of participants :1 1:2 1:4 1:8 1:16 Fig. 7. A number of participants with discordant results according to the RPR titer of quality assessment materials in CAP survey (5-6). Abbreviation: No., number. 관이참여하였고, Difco사 (Detroit, MI, USA) 와, BD 사제품이각각 4% 와 3% 정도를차지하며기타 Omega Diagnostics Ltd. (Alloa, Scotland, UK) ASI, Cenogenics (Morganville, NJ, USA), Bio-Rad (Hercules, California, USA), Immucor (Norcross, GA, USA) 등이소수에서사용되고있었다. RPR은 12,833기관이응답하였고, BD 제품이 63% (895/12833), Biokit 사의 Sure-Vue와 ASI사제품이각각 12.9 (1659/12833)-13.1 (1679/12833)% 로쓰이고있었다. VDRL의경우 64기관에서 5종의신빙도조사물질에대한총 3,21예의응답중불일치결과는총 3예 (.1%) 있었으며 (reactive를 weakly reactive로보고한예는 2.5%), RPR의경우총 64,166예보고중 21예 (.3%) 에서불일치결과를보고하였고제조사별로는 BD.3% (132/ 4474), ASI.5% (38/8394), Surevue.6% (48/8295), Wampole/Ampcor RPR (Princeton, NJ, USA) 1.2% (41/ 3283) 였다. RPR 검사에사용된검체의 RPR 역가에따른불일치기관수를 5-6년자료를누적하여분석한결과, RPR 역가가낮을수록불일치기관수가많은경향을보였다 (Fig. 7). 2) 트레포네마검사 5년부터 6년까지의총 6회의 CAP survey 회신결과를누적하여분석한결과 TPHA/TP-PA/PK-TP는 1,511기관이응답하여, Fujirebio사제품이약 78% (1176/1511), Olympus PK-TP (Tokyo, Japan) 가약 9% (142/1511) 에서사용되었으며, FTA-ABS는 1,25기관이응답하여 Zeus사가 75% (98/ 125), SCIMEDX사가 8% (99/125) 를차지하였다. EIA-IgG 는 418기관이응답하여, Trinity Biotech (Jamestown, NY, USA) 42% (176/418), Diamedix (Miami, FL, USA) 11% (46/ 418), Phoenix Biotech (Mississauga, ON, USA) 8% (32/418), Dade Behring사가 6% (26/418) 에서사용되었다. TPHA/TP- PA/PK-TP는 5년부터 6년까지총보고 7,554예중불일치는 6예 (.1%) 있었고, FTA-ABS는전체 6,25 보고예중 6예 (.1%) 의불일치가있었으며, EIA-IgG는전체 2,91 보고예중불일치가 11예 (.5%) 있었다. 3. 국내및 CAP survey의불일치율비교 CAP survey의 5-6년보고의불일치율과국내외부신빙도조사 4-6년보고의불일치율을비교하였다. CAP survey는 RPR이.3%, TPHA/TP-PA/PK-TP가.1% 의불일치율을보였고, 국내에서는 RPR이 2.2%, TPHA가 4.6% 의불일치율을보였으며 TP-PA는불일치예가없었다 (Table 1). 고찰국내외부신빙도조사결과와미국 CAP survey 결과를비교하면 RPR의경우국내에서는아산제약을 BD보다더많이사용하고있으며, 불일치율이 CAP survey의.3% 에비해국내가 2.2% 로다소높았다. 이러한소견은국내외부신빙도조사에서는아산제약이나 BD 제품에서공통적으로관찰되므로키트성능의차이라기보다는 CAP 참여기관에비해서국내검사실에서시약관리나검사과정, 판독등의문제로인해생기는차이인것으로생각되었다. 본연구에서불일치결과를보고한기관들의병상수분석을시행하지는못하였으나대부분작은규모의병원들이많았다. 비트레포네마검사는검사시행온도가낮은경우위음성을, 온도가높은경우위양성을보이기쉽고, 판독경험이많지않은검사자의경우음성과약양성을감별하기어려운문제가있으므로 [6], 국내검사실에서도이러한점들을고려한교육및개선이필요한것으로판단된다. 또한, 국내매독검사의외부신빙도조사에서는신빙도조사물질을다량으로확보해야하는점으로인해대부분헌혈후매독검사에양성판정을받은폐기혈장을이용하였기때문에위양성이쉽게발생하게되는차이점이있다. 혈장을신빙도조사물질로이용해야하는경우에는트롬빈 (thrombin) 과카올린 (kaolin) 을이용한피브린제거 (defibrination) 과정을거치면위양성을줄이면서도신빙도조사물질의항체역가는거의약화시키지않는다는보고가있어 [19], 국내에서도신빙도조사물질제조시이를적용해볼수있을것이다. 트레포네마검사는 CAP survey에비해국내에서는 TPHA 에대한의존도가높으나외부신빙도조사결과에서불일치율이
6 212 송은영 양주석 채석래외 3 인 높은것으로나타났다. TPHA 검사역시시약의유효기간이경과된경우위양성을보일수있고, 복잡한검사과정과긴반응시간, 결과판정의어려움등이영향을주기때문으로생각되며, 역시국내검사실에서이에대한교육및개선이필요한것으로생각된다. 한편, 매독의외부신빙도조사에사용되는물질의항체역가가매우낮거나높을경우검사의정확도가낮아지는것으로보고된바있으며 [8], 본연구에서도 CAP survey의결과분석시 RPR 역가가낮았던검체에서불일치율이높은유사한소견을나타내었다. 또한, 국내외부신빙도조사에서도 5년 1차조사에사용된트레포네마검사에서높은불일치율 ( 위음성 ) 을보였던양성신빙도조사물질을추후확인한결과 TPHA 1:8, VDRL 1:1 양성으로비교적낮은역가를보인것으로확인되어 5년 1차조사의트레포네마검사의불일치율이매우높았던것을일부설명할수있을것으로생각되었다. 따라서, 향후국내에서도외국의외부신빙도조사 [7] 에서와같이검체의특성을표준검사실 (reference lab) 의검사결과를통해명확히규명하고이에따른불일치율을분석하는것이필요할것으로생각된다. 한편, 4년 4월의영국 MHRA (medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency) 보고서에서는 4종의 TPHA 키트와 1종의 TP-PA 키트를 25명건강헌혈자와 235개양성검체를대상으로평가하여 TPHA법에비해 TP-PA가판독이용이하며, 민감도, 특이도가더우수하고, 검사자에따른변동이적은것으로보고한바있다 [2]. 본연구에서도 TP-PA의불일치율이낮은소견을보였으나, 국내에서는 TP-PA를사용하는기관의비율이 6% 로높지않아정확한결론을내리기는어려웠다. 최근 ICA의사용비율이국내에서매우높아지고있으며국내매독의외부신빙도조사에서의불일치율은 TPHA와유사한수준이었으나, 최근 TPHA ( 또는 TP-PA나 FTA-ABS) 양성인 23여개의혈청검체를대상으로 Abbott와 SD 사를포함한 4개사의 ICA 제품을 4개의국가 ( 탄자니아, 브라질, 중국, 하이티 ) 에서평가한문헌에서는 Abbott와 SD 사모두브라질에서각각 88.5%, 9.2% 의낮은민감도를보여 TPHA 양성인검체중 1% 정도를검출하지못하는것으로보고하였다 [21]. 따라서, ICA는반드시응급수술전이나산전검사가시행되지않은산모에게사용되는목적으로만사용되어야할것이며, 추가로 TPHA 나 FTA-ABS를이용한확진검사가시행되어야할것이다. 요약하면, 국내매독검사의외부신빙도조사현황을분석한결과, 외부신빙도조사물질이주로혈장이었음을감안하면, 국내검사실이비교적양호한성적을보이고있는것으로판단되 었으며, 일부작은규모의검사실을대상으로시약보관, 술식및결과판정에관한교육을시행한다면검사의질을향상시킬수있을것이다. 또한, 국내에서도표준검사실의도입을통한외부신빙도조사물질에대한정확한평가가이루어진다면외부신빙도조사결과를좀더객관적으로분석하여궁극적으로검사실질향상에도움을줄수있을것으로생각되었다. 요약배경 : 국내매독검사의외부신빙도조사현황을분석하고개선점을찾고자하였다. 방법 : 4년부터 6년까지대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과에서매독검사에대해매년 2회씩시행한외부신빙도조사자료를바탕으로검사방법및제조사별사용현황및불일치율을분석하였다. 결과 : 4년부터 6년까지매독검사의외부신빙도조사참여율은매년비트레포네마검사는약 9%, 트레포네마검사는약 55% 내외였다. 비트레포네마검사는 RPR (rapid plasma reagin) 법이평균 88% (363/412) 를차지하였고, VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) 법이 11% (45/412) 에서실시되고있었다. 불일치율은 RPR 검사가 2.2%, VDRL 이 3.6% 였다. 트레포네마검사중에서는매독감작혈구응집법 (Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay, TPHA) 이 6-68% 로가장높은비율을차지하였고, 면역크로마토그래피법 (Immunochromatography assay, ICA) 의비율이 6년에는약 3% 로증가하였다. 불일치율은 5년에는 TPHA 및 ICA법모두에서 1% 이상의높은불일치율을보였는데, 이는사용된신빙도조사물질의 VDRL 역가가 1:1로다른시행연도에비해낮았기때문이라생각된다. 4-6년결과를누적하면 TPHA 4.6%, ICA 3.7%, FTA-ABS 2.7% 의불일치율을보였다. 결론 : 국내매독검사는 PRP 및 TPHA와 ICA에대한의존도가높으나, TPHA나 ICA의경우외부신빙도조사물질의특성에따라아직까지높은불일치율을보이는경우가있어, 향후외부신빙도조사시행시이에대한좀더자세한분석및교육을통한개선이필요할것으로생각된다. 감사본연구에사용된자료를제공해주신대한임상검사정도관리협회면역혈청분과및외부신빙도조사사업에참여해주신모
7 EQA of Syphilis Test in Korea 213 든분들께감사를드립니다. 참고문헌 1. Peterman TA, Heffelfinger JD, Swint EB, Groseclose SL. The changing epidemiology of syphilis. Sex Transm Dis 5;32(S):S Larsen SA, Steiner BM, Rudolph AH. Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev 1995;8: Hsu WS, Kao JT, Ho SW. Quality assurance in clinical laboratories in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc ;99: Neimeister RP, Teschemacher R, Yankevitch IJ, Cocklin J. Proficiency testing, trouble shooting and quality control for the RPR test. Am J Med Technol 1975;41: Snell JJ, De Mello JV, Gardner PS. The United Kingdom national microbiological quality assessment scheme. J Clin Pathol 1982;35: Taylor RN, Fulford KM, Przybyszewski VA, Pope V. Center for Disease Control Diagnostic Immunology Proficiency Testing Program results for J Clin Microbiol 1978;8: Taylor RN and Fulford KM. Assessment of laboratory improvement by the Center for Disease Control Diagnostic Immunology Proficiency Testing Program. J Clin Microbiol 1981;13: Muller I, Brade V, Hagedorn HJ, Straube E, Schorner C, Frosch M, et al. Is serological testing a reliable tool in laboratory diagnosis of syphilis? Meta-analysis of eight external quality control surveys performed by the German infection serology proficiency testing program. J Clin Microbiol 6;44: Cha YJ, Kwon SY, Kum DG, Kim SW, Kim TY, Kim JR, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in immunoserology in Korea (3). J Lab Med Qual Assur 4;26: ( 차영주, 권소영, 금동길, 김성원, 김신규, 김재룡등. 면역혈청검사신빙도조사결과보고 (3). 임상검사와정도관리 4;26:47-69.) 1. Cha YJ, Kwon SY, Kum DG, Kim SW, Kim TY, Kim JR, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in immunoserology in Korea (4). J Lab Med Qual Assur 5;27: ( 차영주, 권소영, 금동길, 김성원, 김신규, 김재룡등. 면역혈청검사신빙도조사결과보고 (4). 임상검사와정도관리 5;27:37-57.) 11. Cha YJ, Kwon SY, Kim TY, Kim JR, Kim HS, Park MH, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in Immunoserology in Korea (5). J Lab Med Qual Assur 6;28: ( 차영주, 권소영, 김신규, 김재룡, 김현숙, 박명희등. 면역혈청검사신빙도조사결과보고 (5). 임상검사와정도관리 6;28:41-61.) 12. Cha YJ, Kwon SY, Kim TY, Kim JR, Kim HS, Park MH, et al. Annual report on external quality assessment in immunoserology in Korea (6). J Lab Med Qual Assur 7;29: ( 차영주, 권소영, 김신규, 김재룡, 김현숙, 박명희등. 면역혈청검사신빙도조사결과보고 (6). 임상검사와정도관리 7;29:45-64.) 13. College of American Pathologists. Surveys 5 G-A Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP College of American Pathologists. Surveys 5 G-B Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP College of American Pathologists. Surveys 5 G-C Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP College of American Pathologists. Surveys 6 G-A Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP College of American Pathologists. Surveys 6 G-B Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP College of American Pathologists. Surveys 6 G-C Syphilis Serology Participant Summary, CAP Castro AR, Kikkert SE, Fears MB, Pope V. Defibrination of blood plasma for use in serological tests for syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2;9: Cole M, Dean L, Perry KR, Parry JV. Five syphilis agglutination assays, MHRA Report number 47, London: Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Mabey D, Peeling RW, Ballard R, Benzaken AS, Galban E, Changalucha J, et al. Prospective, multi-centre clinic-based evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for syphilis. Sex Transm Infect 6;82(S): v13-6.
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