REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Hormones in Kore

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Hormones in Kore"

Transcription

1 REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Hormones in Korea (2017) Hyung-Doo Park Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Corresponding author: Hyung-Doo Park Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: Fax: In 2017, the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service developed a hormone proficiency testing program that comprised 11 test items for hormone I and four test items for hormone II. This program was conducted twice a year using three-level control materials. Data and results of each test item were analyzed by the respective institutions according to the test instruments. The report was prepared by dividing it into a common report that showed the characteristics of the overall participating institutions and an organization-specific report that showed the assessment data of individual institutions. The following statistical data were presented: the number of participating institutions per group, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum value, and maximum value. The individual report was composed of a table, histogram, and Levey-Jennings chart showing the statistics for each test item. The results of the assessment of each institution and the statistical data for each classification are presented in a table, and a standard deviation index was provided for both the company classification and classification by instruments. Although the total number of participating institutions and distribution of test instruments were not significantly different from the previous year, the number of participating institutions varied by test item. The coefficient of variation tended to be relatively high for each test item because the concentration of quality control materials was low and the number of participating institutions was small. I believe that these statistical analysis data are useful for analyzing external quality control results of the institutions and selecting an immunoassay test instrument for hormones. (J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:77-84) Key Words: Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service, Laboratory proficiency testing, Hormones pissn: eissn: 서론 대한임상검사정도관리협회에서는 2015년까지운영해오던분과프로그램의운영방식을 2016년부터차세대신빙도조사사업체계로변경하면서 46개소분류상프로그램단위별운영체계로전환하였다 [1-3]. 임상화학분야는중분류상으로소변 대변 체액 결석검사, 일반화학검사, 혈액가스 전해질 이온검사, 대사물질검사, 단백면역검사, 탄수화물 지질 단백질 비타민검사, 호르몬검사, 종양표지자검사, 약물검사, 정확도기반검사등 10가지의프로그램으로구성되어있고, 중분류검사프로그램에는각각 1 4가지의소분류프로그램이포함되어있다 [4]. 호르몬검사프로그램은 2016년에호르몬검사 I 로시작하여 2017년에호르몬검사 II가추가되었다. 호르몬검사 I에서시행되는검사항목은 thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 을포함한 11가지로선정되었다. 호르몬검사 II에는 vitamin D 등 4가지검사가추가되었다. 이에 2017년에실시되었던호르몬검사프로그램에대한신빙도조사사업결과를분석하여보고하고자한다. 재료및방법 1. 대상호르몬검사프로그램은연 2회에걸쳐회차별로 3개의정도관리물질을사용하여수행되었다. 냉장상태가유지될수있 Copyright 2018 Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service 77

2 도록아이스팩이내장된특수제작박스에정도관리물질을넣 어서참여등록기관을대상으로호르몬검사 I 프로그램물질 은 5 월 15 일 (1 차 ) 과 10 월 16 일 (2 차 ) 에, 호르몬검사 II 프로그 램물질은 3 월 6 일 (1 차 ) 과 8 월 29 일 (2 차 ) 에각각발송하였다 (Tables 1, 2). 2. 정도관리물질과검사항목 정도관리물질은 Bio-Rad 사의 Lyphochek Immunossay Control (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA) 등 사람혈청을기질로한액상제품을사용하였다. 호르몬검 사 I 프로그램의검사항목은 TSH, total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroglobulin, total human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg), testosterone, estradiol (E2), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17- OHP), progesterone, prolactin 등 11 가지였다. 호르몬검사 II 프로그램의검사항목은 total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (Vit D), procalcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), erythropoietin 등 4 가지였다. 정도관리물질을수령한참여기관에서는검사 시행후지정된회신마감일이내에대한임상검사정도관리협 회신빙도조사사업홈페이지 ( 에결과 를입력하도록안내하였다. Table 1. Baseline data used in proficiency tests for hormone I in 2017 Variable 1st Trial 2nd Delivery date Response date Thyroid stimulating hormone Free thyroxin (T4) Total triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroglobulin Total human chorionic gonadotropin osterone Estradiol (E2) Hydroxyprogesterone 4 3 Progesterone Prolactin Total thyroxine (T4) 결과판정및분석 각검사항목에대해개별기관에서입력한검사기기, 시약, 검사결과등에따라통계분석을시행하였고, 이통계값을바탕 으로전체참여기관의특성을보여주는공통보고서와개별기 관의평가자료를보여주는기관별보고서로나누어보고하였 다. 공통보고서는전체참여기관, 동일기기회사사용기관, 동 일기기사용기관등 3 단계로그룹화하여통계값을제시하였 다 (Fig. 1). 전체참여기관에해당하는통계, 기기회사를기준 분류로한그룹의통계, 특정검사기기로구분한그룹의통계 를처리하여각각제시하였다. 제시된통계에는각그룹별참 여기관수, 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수, 중앙값, 최소값, 최대값 등이포함되어있다. 이상치를제거하지않은상태의모든참 여기관의정보를이용하여중앙값, 최소값, 최대값등을구했 고, 적절한방법으로이상치를제거한후의자료를바탕으로 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수등을계산하여제시하였다. 한편, 임 상검사정도관리협회의원칙에따라동일그룹에속한기관수 가 10 개미만인경우에는평균, 표준편차, 변동계수등을제시 하지않았고, 기관수가 3 개미만인경우에는중앙값도제시 하지않았다. 이상치는 Tukey rule 을이용하여제거하였는데, 각해당분류에서 75 percentile 값 (Q3) 과 25 percentile 값 (Q1) 의차 (Q3 Q1; interquartile range, IQR) 의 1.5 배를초 과하여 Q1 보다낮거나 Q3 보다높은결과값 (<Q1 1.5 IQR 또는 >Q3+1.5 IQR) 으로설정하였다. 기관별보고서는각검사항목별로통계치를보여주는표, 히 스토그램, 레비 - 제닝스차트 (Levey-Jennings chart) 로구성 하여일목요연하게볼수있도록하였다 (Fig. 2). 통계치를제 시한표에는각기관의결과값과각분류별통계치를제시하였 고, 표준편차지수 (standard deviation index, SDI) 는기준분 류와세분류에서만제시하였다. 전체참여기관자료와각그룹 별참여기관의수가 10 개미만일경우에는평균, 표준편차, 변 Table 2. Baseline data used in proficiency tests for hormone II in 2017 Variable 1st Trial 2nd Delivery date Response date Intact parathyroid hormone Erythropoietin 7 6 Total 25-hydroxy vitamin D Procalcitonin J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

3 Fig. 1. Summary report of the general statistics report for the hormone I proficiency testing program of the 2017 Korean External Quality Assessment Service. Fig. 2. An example of an individual institutional report for the hormone II proficiency testing program of the 2017 Korean External Quality Assessment Service. 이계수, SDI 등을제시하지않았다. 레비-제닝스차트는기준분류별 SDI를이용하여작성하였는데, 참여기관수부족으로 SDI가제시되지않는경우는레비-제닝스차트에서도표시되지않도록하였다. 히스토그램에서는전체참여기관의분포와 기준분류별분포를제시하였고각기관의위치를표시하였다. 히스토그램의첫번째와마지막막대는각각전체참여기관의결과분포에서 2.5퍼센타일미만과 97.5퍼센타일이상에해당한다. J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

4 Table 3. Proficiency test results for hormone I in st No. of participants Quality control no. Mean±standard deviation Coefficient of variation (%) Median (min max) TSH 505 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Free T4 501 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total T3 453 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Thyroglobulin 78 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total hcg 141 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) osterone 92 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Estradiol (E2) 114 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ,253.6) 17-OHP 4 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Progesterone 29 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Prolactin 95 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total T4 93 CH ± ( ) 2nd CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) TSH 565 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) (Continued to the next page) 80 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

5 Table 3. Continued No. of participants Quality control no. Mean±standard deviation Coefficient of variation (%) Median (min max) Free T4 557 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total T3 498 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Thyroglobulin 80 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total hcg 149 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) osterone 95 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Estradiol (E2) 123 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ,016.8) 17-OHP 3 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Progesterone 33 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Prolactin 101 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Total T4 91 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Abbreviations: TSH, thyroid-stimulating hormone; T4, thyroxine; T3, triiodothyronine; hcg, human chorionic gonadotropin; 17-OHP, 17-hydroxyprogesterone. 결과및고찰 100개이상의기관이참여하는검사항목은호르몬검사 I 프로그램에서 TSH, TT4, FT4, TT3, hcg, E2 등 6가지였으며, 호르몬검사 II 프로그램에서 PTH, Vit D, procalcitonin 등 3 가지였다. 17-OHP와 erythropoietin은각각 4기관과 7기관으로전체참여기관이 10곳에미치지않았다. 대부분의항목에 서는전년도와비슷하거나소폭증가한참여기관수를보였다. 갑상선기능검사관련항목들의신빙도조사사업참여기관증가폭이큰편이었는데, TSH검사의경우 2016년신빙도조사에서 471기관, 2017년 1차에서 505기관, 2017년 2차에서 565 기관이참여하여 1년동안약 20% 의참여기관수의증가를보였다. 17-OHP과 TT4를제외한대부분의호르몬검사 I 항목에서 1차신빙도조사보다 2차조사에서참여기관의수가증가 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

6 하였다. 호르몬검사 I과호르몬검사 II 과항목들에대한두차례의신빙도조사에서전체참여기관의통계값을각각 Table 3과 Table 4에정리하였다. 호르몬검사는대부분전용시약과기기를사용하는데, 2차신빙도조사에서참여기관이 565곳으로가장많았던 TSH검사의경우, 7개회사에서 17종류의검사기기가사용되고있었다. 1차신빙도조사때 TSH검사의전체기관정밀도는변이계수 (%) 가 CP-17-01, -02, -03 물질에서각각 11.0%, 6.5%, 7.0% 로 10% 내외를보였지만, 최소값과최대값의차이가무척큰현상이세가지정도관리물질에서공통적으로관찰되었다. TSH CP 물질의경우 505개전체참여기관의변이계수 (%) 는 7.0% 였지만, 최소값이 0.69 μiu/ ml, 최대값이 μiu/ml로 60배이상의차이를보였다. 이는실제로검사실간결과가큰차이를보였다기보다검사결과입력시소수점을잘못찍었거나결과보고단위를착각하여발생했을것으로추정된다. TSH검사와같이 International System of Units (SI unit, miu/l) 과 conventional unit (μiu/ml) 사이에 conversion factor가 1인검사도있지만, FT4 검사결과를 SI unit (pmol/l) 으로보고하기위해서는 conventional unit (ng/dl) 에 conversion factor인 12.9를곱해야한다. TT3의경우에는 conventional unit에서 SI unit 으로변경할때 conversion factor가 로매우작으므로 conventional unit의결과를그대로입력하면검사결과차이가훨씬크게벌어질수있다. 따라서개별기관에서신빙도조 Table 4. Proficiency test results for hormone II in st No. of participants Quality control no. Mean±standard deviation Coefficient of variation (%) Median (min max) PTH 112 CH ± (21 52) CH ± ( ) CH ± ,055 (105 1,780) Erythropoietin 7 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Vitamin D 131 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Procalcitonin 142 CH ± ( ) 2nd CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) PTH 117 CH ± (20 54) CH ± (412 1,180) CH ± ,086 (950 1,900) Erythropoietin 6 CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Vitamin D 135 CH ± (0 18.9) CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) Procalcitonin 149 CH ± ( ) Abbreviations: PTH, intact parathyroid hormone; vitamin D, total 25-hydroxy vitamin D. CH ± ( ) CH ± ( ) 82 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

7 사검사결과를입력할때임상검사정도관리협회에서요구하는결과보고단위에맞추어입력하지않는경우에는오류가발생할수있다. 호르몬검사 II의 4가지검사항목들중 erythropoietin은세가지정도관리물질에대한전체참여기관의변이계수 (%) 가 0.7%-6.7% 로크지않은편이었는데, 참여기관의수가적은것이영향을미쳤을수있다. 반면, Vit D는 1차신빙도조사에서 48.9%-54.0% 의변이계수분포를, 2차조사에서 53.2%- 58.2% 의변이계수분포를보여서기관들의검사결과가상당히폭넓게분포하는것을볼수있었다. 다만 Vit D의동일기기회사별통계에서는 3.9%-13.8% 의변이계수분포를보여서같은장비를사용하는기관들끼리는비슷한결과를산출하고있었다. 정확도가높은질량분석법으로 Vit D를측정하는기관은 4곳으로전체 131기관의 3% 수준에불과하였으며, 대부분의기관에서는면역측정법을이용하고있었다. 호르몬검사는아직까지표준화나일치화가이루어지지않은경우가많아서다른회사장비로측정할때에는참고치와측정가능범위등의특성을고려하여해석할필요가있다. PTH의경우 1차조사시전체참여기관 112곳의평균은 30.1 pg/ml이었는데, Siemens 장비사용기관 (17곳) 의평균은 26.8 pg/ml이었던반면에 Abbott 장비사용기관 (15곳) 의평균은 45.0 pg/ml로 Siemens 장비사용기관들보다 68% 더높은검사결과를보였다. 간혹동일회사그룹이나동일기기사용그룹의숫자가적어서결과적합성여부를판단하는 SDI 등통계자료를분석할수없는경우에는각기관에서전체참여기관자료등을참고하여결과가허용범위에드는지여부를개별적으로판단하거나, 검사실간비교를수행하거나, 동료그룹이많은국제적인신빙도조사를수행하는등의대체방법을검토하는것을고려 할필요가있다. 호르몬검사신빙도조사는 2016년부터시행된호르몬검사 I 프로그램에이어 2017년부터호르몬검사 II 프로그램이추가되어총 15가지의검사항목으로운영하고있으며, 대부분의항목에서참여기관이꾸준히증가하고있다. REFERENCES 1. Jun SH, Song J, Song WH; Clinical Chemistry Subcommittee, Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme for clinical chemistry in Korea (2015). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2016;38: Jun SH, Song J; Clinical Chemistry Subcommittee, The Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme for clinical chemistry in Korea (2014). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2015;37: Jun SH, Song J; Clinical Chemistry Subcommittee; The Korean Association of Quality Assurance for Clinical Laboratory. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme in clinical chemistry in Korea (2013). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2014;36: Lee YW, Jeon BR, Kim JG, Jun SH, Yun YM, Chun S, et al. Annual report on the external quality assessment scheme for routine clinical chemistry in Korea (2016). J Lab Med Qual Assur 2017;39: J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

8 호르몬검사프로그램신빙도조사결과보고 (2017) 박형두성균관대학교의과대학삼성서울병원진단검사의학과 2017 년대한임상검사정도관리협회신빙도조사사업에서호르몬검사프로그램은호르몬검사 I 에서 11 가지, 호르몬검사 II 에서 4 가지의검사항목으로운영되었다. 연 2 회에걸쳐회차별로 3 개의정도관리물질이이용되었으며, 각기관에서입력한검사항목에대한정보와결과를기반으로검사기기에따라분석하였다. 보고서는전체참여기관의특성을보여주는공통보고서와개별기관의평가자료를보여주는기관별보고서로나누어작성하였다. 제시된통계에는각그룹별참여기관수, 평균, 표준편차, 변동계수, 중앙값, 최소값과최대값이포함되도록하였고, 기관별보고서는각검사항목별로통계치를보여주는표, 히스토그램과레비 - 제닝스차트로구성되도록하였다. 통계치를제시한표에는각기관의검사결과와분류별통계치를제시하고, 기준분류와세분류에서는표준편차지수를함께제시하였다. 참여기관의수와검사장비의분포에있어서는전체적으로전년도와큰차이가없었지만, 검사항목별로참여기관의수가다양하였다. 회차별로정도관리물질의농도가낮고참여기관의수가적을수록변이계수는상대적으로높은경향을보였다. 각기관에서외부정도관리결과를해석하고호르몬검사장비를선택할때이통계분석자료가유용할것으로생각한다. (J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:77-84) 교신저자 : 박형두우 )06351 서울시강남구일원로 81, 성균관대학교삼성서울병원진단검사의학과 Tel: 02) , Fax: 02) , nayadoo@hanmail.net 84 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2018;40:

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Special Protein

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING   Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Special Protein REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2018.40.2.85 Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Special Protein in Korea (2017) Hyung-Doo Park Department of Laboratory

More information

012임수진

012임수진 Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar

More information

ANNUAL REPORT Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunoassay Tests in Korea (201

ANNUAL REPORT   Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunoassay Tests in Korea (201 ANNUAL REPORT https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2016.38.4.194 Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Immunoassay Tests in Korea (2015) Hyon-Suk Kim, Young Lan Kim, and Jung Eun Shim,

More information

- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -

More information

국립국어원 20010-00-00 발간등록번호 00-000000-000000-00 국어정책 통계 조사 및 통계 연보 작성 연구책임자 이순영 제 출 문 국립국어원장 귀하 국어정책 통계 조사 및 통계 연보 작성 에 관하여 귀 원과 체결한 연 구 용역 계약에 의하여 연구 보고서를 작성하여 제출합니다. 2010년 12월 2일 연구책임자: 이순영(고려대학교 국어교육과)

More information

386-390.hwp

386-390.hwp 386 HANYANG MEDICAL REVIEWS Vol. 29 No. 4, 2009 우리나라 미숙아의 통계와 의료비용 Statistics and Medical Cost of Preterm in Korea 윤혜선 을지대학교 노원을지병원 소아청소년과학교실 Hye Sun Yoon, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Nowon

More information

¸Þ´º¾ó-ÀÛ¾÷5

¸Þ´º¾ó-ÀÛ¾÷5 2002 Seoul Arts Center ANNUAL REPORT 2002 Seoul Arts Center ANNUAL REPORT 건립이념 및 운영목표 건립이념 예술의전당은 예술 활동의 다원적, 종합적 지원 공간을 조성하고 문화예술의 창조 및 교류를 통해 문화복지의 기반을 다짐으로써 문화예술의 확산과 발전에 기여함을 그 이념으로 한다. 운영목표 고급예술의

More information

Lumbar spine

Lumbar spine Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical

More information

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr

자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 A B Fig. 1. High-contrast spatial resolution in phantom test. A. Slice 1 with three sets of hole arr Original Article pissn 1738-2637 J Korean Soc Radiol 2012;67(2):129-134 The Survey of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality according to in Korea 1 자기공명영상장치(MRI) 자장세기에 따른 MRI 품질관리 영상검사의 개별항목점수 실태조사 1 Hyun-Hae

More information

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ

Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]

More information

2004_07_김현숙01.hwp

2004_07_김현숙01.hwp 임상검사와정도관리 : 제 26 권 1 호 2004 J. Lab. Med. & Quality Assuarance 2004:26:103-121 103 Immunoassay 분과신빙도조사결과보고 (2003) 김현숙 ( 집필대표 ) ㆍ임환섭ㆍ김영란ㆍ조한수ㆍ전혜선ㆍ신섭ㆍ정영순ㆍ권오헌ㆍ김덕언ㆍ김영기ㆍ김진규ㆍ선영규 대한임상검사정도관리협회 Immunoassay 분과위원회

More information

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu

878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu 한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim

More information

- iii - - i - - ii - - iii - 국문요약 종합병원남자간호사가지각하는조직공정성 사회정체성과 조직시민행동과의관계 - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - α α α α - 15 - α α α α α α

More information

???? 1

???? 1 The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics (2014) 27(1), 13 20 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/kjas.2014.27.1.013 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation by Stopping Rule and SM3 Design in a Phase I Clinical Trial

More information

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie

Abstract Background : Most hospitalized children will experience physical pain as well as psychological distress. Painful procedure can increase anxie Volume 12, Number 1, 92~102, An Intervention Study of Pain Reduction during IV Therapy in Hospitalized Children Myo-Jin Kim 1), Joung-Hae Bak 1), Won-Seok Seo 2) Mi-Young Kim 3), Sun-Kyoung Park 3), Jai-Soung

More information

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF

歯5-2-13(전미희외).PDF The Korean Journal of Counseling 2004, Vol. 5, No. 2, 423-434,. 4 5 18 9, 9.,,,,,.,,, t-.. :,,, (,, 1996),.,,. (, 2001),... 88 98 2000, 88 12.5%(250 )98 35.6%(712 )2.8 (,,, 2001) (Corresponding Author)

More information

1..

1.. Volume 12, Number 1, 6~16, Factors influencing consultation time and waiting time of ambulatory patients in a tertiary teaching hospital Jee-In Hwang College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University :

More information

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할

저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할 저작자표시 - 비영리 - 변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는아래의조건을따르는경우에한하여자유롭게 이저작물을복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연및방송할수있습니다. 다음과같은조건을따라야합니다 : 저작자표시. 귀하는원저작자를표시하여야합니다. 비영리. 귀하는이저작물을영리목적으로이용할수없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는이저작물을개작, 변형또는가공할수없습니다. 귀하는, 이저작물의재이용이나배포의경우,

More information

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme of Serologic Tests for Syp

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING   Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme of Serologic Tests for Syp REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2018.40.4.182 Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme of Serologic Tests for Syphilis in Korea (2016 2017) Seung-Jung Kee 1, Ju- Hyeon

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: NCS : G * The Analy

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   NCS : G * The Analy Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.133-158 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.133 NCS : G * The Analysis of the Cognitive Level of Basic Job Skills of Specialized

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11),

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE Nov.; 26(11), THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2015 Nov.; 26(11), 985991. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2015.26.11.985 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Analysis

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI:   (NCS) Method of Con Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency

More information

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4)

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 29, no. 10, Oct ,,. 0.5 %.., cm mm FR4 (ε r =4.4) THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2018 Oct.; 29(10), 799 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2018.29.10.799 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) Method

More information

03이경미(237~248)ok

03이경미(237~248)ok The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).

More information

untitled

untitled ORIGINAL ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/1.15263/jlmqa.215.37.2.11 Evaluation of Analytical Performance of the Cobas 8 Analyzer Series Module e62 Kiwoong Ko, Min-Jung Kwon, Hee-Yeon Woo, and Hyosoon Park Department

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 한국소음진동공학회 2015추계학술대회논문집년 Study of Noise Pattern and Psycho-acoustics Characteristic of Household Refrigerator * * ** ** Kyung-Soo Kong, Dae-Sik Shin, Weui-Bong Jeong, Tae-Hoon Kim and Se-Jin Ahn Key Words

More information

歯1.PDF

歯1.PDF 200176 .,.,.,. 5... 1/2. /. / 2. . 293.33 (54.32%), 65.54(12.13%), / 53.80(9.96%), 25.60(4.74%), 5.22(0.97%). / 3 S (1997)14.59% (1971) 10%, (1977).5%~11.5%, (1986)

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA e- 비즈니스연구 (The e-business Studies) Volume 17, Number 1, February, 28, 2016:pp. 293~316 ISSN 1229-9936 (Print), ISSN 2466-1716 (Online) 원고접수일심사 ( 수정 ) 게재확정일 2015. 12. 04 2015. 12. 24 2016. 02. 25 ABSTRACT

More information

(

( 317 318 319 320 1 3 5 5 5 5 2 321 : 1.,,,,, 06 2. X-ray beam penetration (density) (contrast) 03 3. patch coating, precipitation, flaking 03 4. centering 03 5. Esophagus, cardia, fundus, body, angle, antrum,

More information

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö

03-ÀÌÁ¦Çö 25 3 (2004 9 ) J Korean Oriental Med 2004;25(3):20-31 1), 2), 3) 1) 2) 3) Grope for a Summary Program about Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Knowledge (TK)etc. Discussed in WIPO Hwan-Soo

More information

Annual Reports on External Quality Assessment for Clinical Laboratories in Korea (2013) Annual Report on

Annual Reports on External Quality Assessment for Clinical Laboratories in Korea (2013)   Annual Report on Annual Reports on External Quality Assessment for Clinical Laboratories in Korea (2013) http://dx.doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2014.36.1.12 Annual Report on the External Quality Assessment of Therapeutic Drug

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 4, August, 30, 2016:319~332 Received: 2016/07/28, Accepted: 2016/08/28 Revised: 2016/08/27, Published: 2016/08/30 [ABSTRACT] This paper examined what determina

More information

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770>

<31372DB9DABAB4C8A32E687770> 김경환 박병호 충북대학교 도시공학과 (2010. 5. 27. 접수 / 2011. 11. 23. 채택) Developing the Traffic Severity by Type Kyung-Hwan Kim Byung Ho Park Department of Urban Engineering, Chungbuk National University (Received May

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:275~289 Received: 2016/12/02, Accepted: 2016/12/22 Revised: 2016/12/20, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] SNS is used in various fields. Although

More information

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i

목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 11-1480523-000748-01 배경지역 ( 백령도 ) 에서의 대기오염물질특성연구 (Ⅲ) 기후대기연구부대기환경연구과,,,,,,, Ⅲ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract v Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목차 Ⅳ ii 목차 iii 목차 iv 목차 μg m3 μg m3 v 목차 vi Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ μm μg m3 1 Ⅰ. 서론 μg m3 μg m3 μg m3 μm 2

More information

ISO17025.PDF

ISO17025.PDF ISO/IEC 17025 1999-12-15 1 2 3 4 41 42 43 44, 45 / 46 47 48 49 / 410 411 412 413 414 5 51 52 53 54 / 55 56 57 58 / 59 / 510 A( ) ISO/IEC 17025 ISO 9001:1994 ISO 9002:1994 B( ) 1 11 /, / 12 / 1, 2, 3/ (

More information

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 조 희 영 선 생 님 고 맙 습 니 다 16 17 18 19 가정간호 장선미 간호사님 감사합니다 20 21 22 23 24 25 U l 26 27 p SEOUL MEDICAL CENTER NEWS 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 홍보실장이란 신동규 원고를 기다립니다

More information

12이문규

12이문규 Review on Conservative Treatment of Spinal Scoliosis Moon-kyu Lee, O.M.D., Gil-jae Lee, O.M.D., Yun-kyung Song, O.M.D., Hyung-ho Lim, O.M.D. Dept. of Oriental Rehabilitation Medicine College of Oriental

More information

statistics

statistics 수치를이용한자료요약 statistics hmkang@hallym.ac.kr 한림대학교 통계학 강희모 ( 한림대학교 ) 수치를이용한자료요약 1 / 26 수치를 통한 자료의 요약 요약 방대한 자료를 몇 개의 의미있는 수치로 요약 자료의 분포상태를 알 수 있는 통계기법 사용 중심위치의 측도(measure of center) : 어떤 값을 중심으로 분포되어 있는지

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI: * The

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp DOI:   * The Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 1, pp.243-268 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.1.201703.243 * - 2001 2015 - The Research Trends on Peer Counseling in Elementary and

More information

04_이근원_21~27.hwp

04_이근원_21~27.hwp 1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일

More information

γ

γ 경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical

More information

2001_07_권오헌1.hwp

2001_07_권오헌1.hwp 임상병리와정도관리 : 제 23 권제 1 호 2001 J. Clin, Pathol. & Quality Control 2001:23:111-144 111 Immunoassay 분과신빙도조사결과보고 (2000) 권오헌 ( 집필대표 ) ㆍ임환섭ㆍ김현숙ㆍ김덕언ㆍ김영기ㆍ김진규ㆍ신섭ㆍ정영순ㆍ조한수 대한임상검사정도관리협회 Immunoassay 분과위원회 Annual Report

More information

Rheu-suppl hwp

Rheu-suppl hwp Objective: This paper reviews the existing Korean medical and public health, and nursing academy articles on disease-specific and domain-specific quality of life, and provides recommendations for the universally

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI: (LiD) - - * Way to

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp DOI:   (LiD) - - * Way to Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2019, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp.353-376 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.29.1.201903.353 (LiD) -- * Way to Integrate Curriculum-Lesson-Evaluation using Learning-in-Depth

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA The e-business Studies Volume 17, Number 6, December, 30, 2016:237~251 Received: 2016/11/20, Accepted: 2016/12/24 Revised: 2016/12/21, Published: 2016/12/30 [ABSTRACT] Recently, there is an increasing

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI: * Experiences of Af

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Experiences of Af Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 2, pp.201-229 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.2.201608.201 * Experiences of After-school Class Caring by Married Early Childhood

More information

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있

달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있 대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Study on Teache

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Study on Teache Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp.149-171 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.4.201712.149 * A Study on Teachers and Parents Perceptions on the Introduction of Innovational

More information

<372DB1E8C7F6BCF72E687770>

<372DB1E8C7F6BCF72E687770> 임상검사와정도관리 : 제 28 권제 1 호 2006 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2006:28:99-119 99 Immunoassay 분과외부신빙도조사결과보고 (2005) 김현숙 ( 집필대표 ) ㆍ임환섭ㆍ김영란ㆍ전혜선ㆍ신섭ㆍ정영순ㆍ권오헌ㆍ김덕언ㆍ김진규ㆍ선영규 대한임상검사정도관리협회 Immunoassay 분과위원회 Annual Report on External

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: : Researc

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   : Researc Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.251-273 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.251 : 1997 2005 Research Trend Analysis on the Korean Alternative Education

More information

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II)

전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) 전립선암발생률추정과관련요인분석 : The Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (KCPS-II) - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - vii - - viii - - ix - -

More information

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구

한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 한국성인에서초기황반변성질환과 연관된위험요인연구 - - i - - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - χ - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - 그림 1. 연구대상자선정도표 - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - 그림 2. 연구의틀 χ - 9 - - 10 - - 11 -

More information

<352EC7E3C5C2BFB55FB1B3C5EBB5A5C0CCC5CD5FC0DABFACB0FAC7D0B4EBC7D02E687770>

<352EC7E3C5C2BFB55FB1B3C5EBB5A5C0CCC5CD5FC0DABFACB0FAC7D0B4EBC7D02E687770> 자연과학연구 제27권 Bulletin of the Natural Sciences Vol. 27. 2013.12.(33-44) 교통DB를 이용한 교통정책 발굴을 위한 통계분석 시스템 설계 및 활용 Statistical analytic system design and utilization for transport policy excavation by transport

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: * A Research Trend

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   * A Research Trend Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.295-318 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.295 * A Research Trend on the Studies related to Parents of Adults with Disabilities

More information

<C7A5C1F620BEE7BDC4>

<C7A5C1F620BEE7BDC4> 연세대학교 상경대학 경제연구소 Economic Research Institute Yonsei Universit 서울시 서대문구 연세로 50 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gS gu, Seoul, Korea TEL: (+82-2) 2123-4065 FAX: (+82- -2) 364-9149 E-mail: yeri4065@yonsei.ac. kr http://yeri.yonsei.ac.kr/new

More information

ePapyrus PDF Document

ePapyrus PDF Document Trans. of the Korean Hydrogen and New Energy Society(2013. 4), Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 136~141 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7316/khnes.2013.24.2.136 흡기관 분사식 수소 SI기관의 희박과급 적용에 관한 연구 이광주 1 ㆍ이종구 1 ㆍ이종태 2 1 성균관대학교

More information

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š

Æ÷Àå½Ã¼³94š Cho, Mun Jin (E-mail: mjcho@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The performance of tack coat, commonly used for layer interface bonding, is affected by application rate and curing time. In this study, bonding

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 논문 10-35-03-03 한국통신학회논문지 '10-03 Vol. 35 No. 3 원활한 채널 변경을 지원하는 효율적인 IPTV 채널 관리 알고리즘 준회원 주 현 철*, 정회원 송 황 준* Effective IPTV Channel Control Algorithm Supporting Smooth Channel Zapping HyunChul Joo* Associate

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3

54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3 27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,

More information

확률과통계 강의자료-1.hwp

확률과통계 강의자료-1.hwp 1. 통계학이란? 1.1 수학적 모형 실험 또는 증명을 통하여 자연현상을 분석하기 위한 수학적인 모형 1 결정모형 (deterministic model) - 뉴톤의 운동방정식 : - 보일-샤를의 법칙 : 일정량의 기체의 부피( )는 절대 온도()에 정비례하고, 압력( )에 반비례한다. 2 확률모형 (probabilistic model) - 주사위를 던질 때

More information

Can032.hwp

Can032.hwp Chromosomal Alterations in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines Detected by Comparative Genomic Hybridization Sang Jin Park 1, Mahn Joon Ha, Ph.D. 1, Hugh Chul Kim, M.D. 2 and Hyon Ju Kim, M.D. 1 1 Laboratory

More information

l l l l l l l l l Lee, Geon Kook None This project was designed to establish the Tumor Bank of National Cancer Center in 2000. From the first tumor sample in 2000, the total of tumor and tumor-related

More information

기술통계

기술통계 기술통계 박창이 서울시립대학교통계학과 박창이 ( 서울시립대학교통계학과 ) 기술통계 1 / 17 친구수에대한히스토그램 I from matplotlib import pyplot as plt from collections import Counter num_friends = [100,49,41,40,25,21,21,19,19,18,18,16, 15,15,15,15,14,14,13,13,13,13,12,

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp DOI: * A Analysis of Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp.99-117 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.1.201803.99 2015 * A Analysis of the Characters and Issues about the 2015 Revised Social

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI: 3 * The Effect of H

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp DOI:   3 * The Effect of H Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2018, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp.577-601 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.28.4.201812.577 3 * The Effect of Home-based Activities Using Traditional Fairy Tales

More information

석사논문.PDF

석사논문.PDF ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 1 ABO Rh A study on the importance of ABO and Rh blood groups information in Public Health 2000 2 2 ABO Rh

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI: * Review of Research

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp DOI:   * Review of Research Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp.79-102 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.2.201706.79 * Review of Research Trends on Curriculum for Students with Severe and multiple

More information

<30372EB1E8C7F6BCF72E687770>

<30372EB1E8C7F6BCF72E687770> 임상검사와정도관리 : 제 29 권제 1 호 2007 J Lab Med Qual Assur 2007 ; 29:99-119 99 Immunoassay 분과외부신빙도조사결과보고 (2006) 김현숙 ( 집필대표 ) ㆍ김영란ㆍ임환섭ㆍ전혜선ㆍ신섭ㆍ정영순ㆍ김덕언ㆍ선영규ㆍ권오헌ㆍ김진규 대한임상검사정도관리협회 Immunoassay 분과위원회 Annual Report on External

More information

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Metabolite Testing in

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING   Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Metabolite Testing in REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2018.40.3.136 Report on the External Quality Assessment Scheme for Metabolite Testing in Korea (2016 2017) Soo-Youn Lee Department of Laboratory

More information

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re

(Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern (Micro- Environment) Re EMF Health Effect 2003 10 20 21-29 2-10 - - ( ) area spot measurement - - 1 (Exposure) Exposure (Exposure Assesment) EMF Unknown to mechanism Health Effect (Effect) Unknown to mechanism Behavior pattern

More information

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( )

:,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α= ,.,,..,,,.,. :,, ( ) :,,.,. 456, 253 ( 89, 164 ), 203 ( 44, 159 ). Cronbach α=.83.91.,.,,..,,,.,. :,, (402-751) 253 E-mail : yspark@inha.ac.kr ..,.,.,. Bandura(1997),.,,,,., (,,, 2009), (,,,, 2014).?.,,,.. Bandura (1995) (Resiliency

More information

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ

139~144 ¿À°ø¾àħ 2 139 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.139 2 Received : 10. 04. 08 Revised : 10. 04. 26 Two Case Report on Wrist Ganglion Treated with Scolopendrid Pharmacopuncture Accepted : 10. 05. 04 Key Words: Wrist Ganglion,

More information

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF

歯kjmh2004v13n1.PDF 13 1 ( 24 ) 2004 6 Korean J Med Hist 13 20 36 June 2004 ISSN 1225 505X * 1 1886 ( ) 1) 1905 * 1) 20 2) 1910 1926 1910 1926 1930 40 2 1899 1907 3) 4) 1908 1909 ( ) ( ) ( 2) 1995 1998 3) 1997 p 376 4) 1956

More information

untitled

untitled 2007 2 7 NCsoft CORPORATION OK-san Bldg 157-33, Samsung-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 135-090, KOREA Tel: +82-2-2186-3300 Fax : +82-2-2186-3550 Copyright NCsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved WWW.NCSOFT.COM

More information

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770>

<35335FBCDBC7D1C1A42DB8E2B8AEBDBAC5CDC0C720C0FCB1E2C0FB20C6AFBCBA20BAD0BCAE2E687770> Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society Vol. 15, No. 2 pp. 1051-1058, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2014.15.2.1051 멤리스터의 전기적 특성 분석을 위한 PSPICE 회로 해석 김부강 1, 박호종 2, 박용수 3, 송한정 1*

More information

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호

975_983 특집-한규철, 정원호 Focused Issue of This Month Gyu Cheol an, MD Department of Otolaryngology ead & Neck Surgery, Gachon University of College Medicine E - mail : han@gilhospital.com Won-o Jung, MD Department of Otolaryngology

More information

2012북가이드-최종교

2012북가이드-최종교 HACKERS BOOK GUIDE www.hackers.com CONTENTS HACKERS Education Group 04 HACKERS BOOK GUIDE HACKERS Books 06 Address HEI111104 HACKERS TOEIC Books 08 HACKERS TOEIC Speaking & OPIc Books 13 HACKERS TEPS Books

More information

인문사회과학기술융합학회

인문사회과학기술융합학회 Vol.5, No.5, October (2015), pp.471-479 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ajmahs.2015.10.50 스마트온실을 위한 가상 외부기상측정시스템 개발 한새론 1), 이재수 2), 홍영기 3), 김국환 4), 김성기 5), 김상철 6) Development of Virtual Ambient Weather Measurement

More information

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770>

<31325FB1E8B0E6BCBA2E687770> 88 / 한국전산유체공학회지 제15권, 제1호, pp.88-94, 2010. 3 관내 유동 해석을 위한 웹기반 자바 프로그램 개발 김 경 성, 1 박 종 천 *2 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB-BASED JAVA PROGRAM FOR NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PIPE FLOW K.S. Kim 1 and J.C. Park *2 In general,

More information

untitled

untitled 2005. 6. 11. *, **, ***, * * ** *** Acknowledgement 2005 BTP. 1. 1-1. 1. (Green Logistics) - 90 2 ( - ) EU - ISO 14001 ( ) -, - 3 1. Liberal Return Policy - (South Florida Stock 2000 1000 ) - (,TV, )

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA 27(2), 2007, 96-121 S ij k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT j ij i j S ij S ij POP j SEXR j AGER j BEDDAT j k i a i i i L ij = S ij - S ij ---------- S ij S ij = k i POP j a i SEXR j i AGER j i BEDDAT

More information

Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,

More information

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING Annual Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Servi

REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING   Annual Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Servi REPORT ON PROFICIENCY TESTING https://doi.org/10.15263/jlmqa.2019.41.2.75 Annual Report of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service on Urinalysis and Fecal Occult Blood Testing (2018)

More information

( )Jkstro011.hwp

( )Jkstro011.hwp 비인강암의방사선치료결과및생존율에관한예후인자분석 2005 2 1 2005 3 28. :, Tel: 053)250-7665, Fax: 053)250-7984 E-mail: jhkim@dsmc.or.kr 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 정영연외 2 인 : 비인강암의예후인자분석 Carcinoma of the nasopharynx treated by radiotherapy

More information

<28BCF6BDC320323031352D31332920B0E6B1E2B5B520C1F6BFAABAB020BFA9BCBAC0CFC0DAB8AE20C1A4C3A520C3DFC1F8C0FCB7AB5FC3D6C1BE2830312E3036292E687770>

<28BCF6BDC320323031352D31332920B0E6B1E2B5B520C1F6BFAABAB020BFA9BCBAC0CFC0DAB8AE20C1A4C3A520C3DFC1F8C0FCB7AB5FC3D6C1BE2830312E3036292E687770> 수시과제 2015-13 경기도 지역별 여성일자리 정책 추진 전략 연구책임자 : 최 윤 선 (본원선임연구위원) : 남 승 연 (본원연구위원) 연 구 지 원 : 이 상 아 (본원위촉연구원) 연 구 기 간 : 2015. 9 ~12 2015 발 간 사 여성 일자리는 사회 내 여성과 남성간의 차이를 좁히고 개개인의 삶을 윤택하게 만드는 중요 한 부분입니다. 이에 정부는

More information

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: /

상담학연구,, SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / / Tel: / ,,. 164 -. SPSS 21.0., t,.,,,..,.,.. (Corresponding Author): / / 1 11 404 / Tel: 02-880-7636 / E-mail: dikimedu@snu.ac.kr ...,,, (, 2012),, (,,, 2012a, 2012b;,, 2011;, 2011;,, 2010). (, 2013;, 2012;, ;

More information

-06-......,......

-06-......,...... Analysis of the Current Condition of Student Childcare Training in Korea: Student Childcare Training Centers, Guidance Teachers, Student Teachers and Student Childcare Training Fees Department of Childcare

More information

Æ÷Àå82š

Æ÷Àå82š Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose

More information

Kaes010.hwp

Kaes010.hwp 갑상선자극호르몬이갑상선암세포의 VEGF, 신생혈관형성, 성장, 침윤및전이에미치는영향 Effects of TSH on the Production of VEGF, Angiogenesis, Growth, Invasion and Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Cells Euy Young Soh, M.D., Hee Boong Park, M.D.,

More information

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의

Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 라이프스타일은 개인 생활에 있어 심리적 문화적 사회적 모든 측면의 생활방식과 차이 전체를 말한다. 이러한 라이프스 타일은 사람의 내재된 가치관이나 욕구, 행동 변화를 파악하여 소비행동과 심리를 추측할 수 있고, 개인의 RESEARCH ARTICLE Kor. J. Aesthet. Cosmetol., 한국 중년 여성의 라이프스타일이 메이크업 추구이미지와 화장품 구매행동에 미치는 영향 주영주 1 *, 이순희 2 1 서경대학교대학원미용예술학과, 2 신성대학교 미용예술계열 The Effects of The Life Style for Korean Middle Aged Women on

More information

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: * A Study on Good School

Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI:   * A Study on Good School Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2016, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp.1-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.26.3.201612.1 * A Study on Good School and School Evaluation Purpose: This study was to examine

More information

서론

서론 - i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - - 20 - - 21 - - 22 - - 23 - - 24 - -

More information

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012

유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 11-1480523-001163-01 유해중금속안정동위원소의 분석정밀 / 정확도향상연구 (I) 환경기반연구부환경측정분석센터,,,,,,,, 2012 목 차 ⅰ ⅲ ⅳ Abstract ⅵ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ i 목 차 Ⅳ ii 목 차 iii 목 차 iv 목 차 v Abstract vi Abstract σ ε vii Abstract viii Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ. 1 Ⅰ. 서론.

More information

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo

The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowo The characteristic analysis of winners and losers in curling: Focused on shot type, shot accuracy, blank end and average score SungGeon Park 1 & Soowon Lee 2 * 1 Program of Software Convergence, Soongsil

More information

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( :

27 2, 1-16, * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** ( : 27 2, 1-16, 2009. * **,,,,. KS,,,., PC,.,,.,,. :,,, : 2009/08/12 : 2009/09/03 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: jjhkim@cau.ac.kr) 2 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009 Ⅰ.,. 2008 3,536, 10 99.9% (, 2008). PC,, (, 2007). (, 2008),.,

More information