대한방사선의학회지 1994 ; 30( 1) : 양성요관협착의선행성풍선확장술및 요관스텐트설치술 I 김승협 박재형 한만청 목적 : 앙성요관협착에서의섣행성풍선확장술및요관스턴트설치술의효과를판단하기위한연구였다. 대상및방법 :46 명의앙성요관협착환자를대상으로하였으며요로

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1 대한방사선의학회지 1994 ; 30( 1) : 양성요관협착의선행성풍선확장술및 요관스텐트설치술 I 김승협 박재형 한만청 목적 : 앙성요관협착에서의섣행성풍선확장술및요관스턴트설치술의효과를판단하기위한연구였다. 대상및방법 :46 명의앙성요관협착환자를대상으로하였으며요로협착의원인은요로결핵 20 염, 선천성신우요관이행부협착 8 명, 요관이나신우분합부협착 5 명, 결석과연관된협착 8 명, 수술및외상에의한협착 4 명, 후복막강섬유화증에의한협착 1 명이었다. 결과 :46명중 43명에서시술에성공하였고나머지 3명은요로결핵환자로유도철섣이협착부를통과하지못하여실패하였다.4-76개월의추적기간에서경정맥요로조영술상호전이있었던경우는결핵성협착의 76%( 13/ 17), 요관결석과연관된협착으 I 88% (7/ 8) 및수술등에서의요관손상에의한협착으 I 100%(4/ 4) 이었고호전이없었던경우로는요관문합부협착 (1/ 5) 와후복막강섬유화증 (0/ 1) 등이었다. 결론. 선행성풍선확장술은결핵성요관협착을포함하는앙성요관협착에대해서대체로효과적인치료방법이라고생각되며원인질환에따라서는매우좋은결과를기대할수있으리라고생각한다. 서 양성요관협착에대한치료는과거고식적인수술적치료 법으로부터최근다양하게발달되고있는내비뇨기과학적 시술 (endourologic procedures) 및중재방사선학적시술 료응 - (interventional radiologic procedures) 에 변화하고있다. 힘입어크게 풍선카테터는본래혈관에사용할목적으로개발되었으 나담도, 위장관및요로등의장기의협착을확장하는데 에도이용되고있다. 요관협착의선행성풍선확장술 (antegrade balloon dilatation) 에대한결과는다양하지 만대체로양호하게보고되고있으며 (1-13) 협착의원언, 위치, 길이, 오래된정도 (duration), 그리고혈류공급장애 (vascular compromise) 유무등이그결과에영향을미치 는중요한요인으로생각되고있다 (1-3). 선행성풍선확장 술의대상이되는요관협착의원인은선천성협착, 수술또 는요관내시경후에생긴의인성손상 (i atrogenic injury), 결핵등의감염에의한염증성협착등이대표적이며이중우 1 서울대학교의과대학진단방사선과학교실 이논문은 1993 년도한국방사선의학재단우수논문연구비지원에의하여이루 어졌음 이논문은 1993 년 6 월 3 일접수하여 1993 년 8 월 11 일에채택되었음 리나라에는결핵성요관협착의빈도가비교적높다 (4). 본연구의목적은결핵성요관협착을포함한다양한원인에의한양성요관협착에대한선행성풍선확장술의결과를그원인별로분석함으로써요관협착의치료방침결정이나예후예측에유용한자료를얻고자함이다. 대상및방법 1986년 8월부터 1992년 10월사이에서울대학교병원진단방사선과에서양성요관협착에대한선행성풍선확장술을시도한총 6 1 명환자의병록및방사선학적추적검사결과를조사하였다. 이중 14명은시술후적절한추적이되지않아서대상에서제외하였고, 병록기록및추적방사선학적검사로풍선확장술의결과를명확히확인할수있었던 46명을대상으로하였다.46명환자중남자가 26명, 여자가 20명이었으며환자의나이는 1 6세에서 65세로평균 38세였다. 요로협착의원인은요로결핵이 20 명, 선천성신우요관이행부협착이 8명, 근치적방광적출술이나신장이식등에서요관과방광또는요관과신우문함부 (anastomosis) 에생긴협착이 5명, 요관결석의수술이나체외충격파쇄석술후에생긴협착이 8명, 산부인과적수술이나방광암에대한경요도방광절제후에생긴요관의결찰또는외상 - 57-

2 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 30( 1) : 으로인한협착이 4 명, 후복막강섬유화증 (retroperi toneal fibrosis) 에의한요관협착이 1명이었다. 총 46명에서풍선확장숨을시도한요로는좌측이 27 예, 우측이 1 7예, 양측이 l 예, 그리고이식신이 l 예였다. 요로협착부위는단일 ( s ing l e ) 병변인경우가 33예였고다발성 (multiple) 병변을보인경우가 13 예였다. 단일병변을보인 33예의협착부위는신우요관이행부가 15 예, 근위부요관 2 예, 중위부요관 l 예, 원위부요관 7예, 요관방광이행부 3 예, 요관방광문합부 ( ur etero neoc ys t ostomy) 2예, 그리고요관회장문함부 (ur eteroi leos tom y) 3예등이였다. 요관협착의오래된정도는명확하지않은경우가대부분이어서분석대상으로할수가없었다. lomg 의 diazepam과 50mg 의염산 meperidine hydrochloride 근육주사로시술 30분전에전처치를하고국소마취하에간극신배 (midpole ca l yx) 냐하극신배 (lower pole calyx) 중후방신배 (posterior calyx) 를통하여천자한후이후의원활한시술을위하여경로를 10F 까지확장 하였다. 토오크 ( torgue) 가가능한카태타 (Cobra visceral catheter, Cook Australia, Queensland, Australia) 및유도철선 (Terumo guide wire, Tokyo, Japan) 을이용하여협착부위에유도철션을통과시켜방광내까지전진시켰다. 이유도철선을따라협착정도나협착근위부의확장정도에따라직경 4-8 mm 의 7F 풍선카테타 (Omega C, Cook Inc, Bloomington, IN, USA) 을협착부위에위치시킨후 2ml 또는 5 ml 의플라스틱주사기로희석된조영제를손의힘으로풍선의허리 (waist) 의사라지는정도에맞추어강하게주입하여풍션을부풀려 30-60초간지속시켰다. 원래이풍선카테타는 10 기압까지견딜수있도록설계되였으며확장시압력측정은하지않았다. 확장시에풍선에허리가사라져서보이지않을때까지 2-3 회확장을반복하였으나 3 4 회확장에서도지속적으로허리가보이는경우도있었다. 확장시에강한통증을호소하는경우가있었으나추가로진통제등의약물주사를필요로하지는않았다. 협착의정도가매우심하여유도철션은방광까지전진하나풍선카테타나확장기 (dilator) 는협착부위를통과하 지않는경우에는스네어법 (s n are technique) 으로유도철선을요도밖으로잡아낸후유도철선의양측을단단히유지하면서풍선카터l 타나확장기를통과시켰다. 이때요도가팽팽한유도철선에의하여손상받지않도록요도측유도철션을카테타로씌운상태에서시술하였다. 확장이끝난후에는 6 또는 7F 굵기의 double pigtail 요관스텐트 (Cook Urological, Spencer, I N, USA) 또는원위부가 7F 이고근위부가 1 0.2F 인신요관루스텐트 (Cope nephroureterostomy st ent, Cook Urological, Spencer, IN, USA) 를설치하였다. D ouble pigtail 요관스텐트를설치한경우는외부신루카테타를따로설치하여막아두어요관스텐트가막히는경우교환할수있는경로를 2-3 일간확보한후문제가없으면제거하였고, 신요관루스텐트를설치한경우는외부입구를계속막아두었다. Double Pigtail 요관스텐트나신요관루스텐트는 4-6주유지시켜둔후전자는방광경으로그리고후자는피부쪽입구에서투시하에제거하였다. 시술후추적은엄상소견및경정맥요로조영술 (intravenous ur ography) 로하였다. 시술후첫번째추적경정맥요로조영술은시술로부터 3-6개월후에시행하였다. 총추적가능기간은 H 월로평균 1 5개월이였다. 추적경정맥요로조영사진을시술전사진과비교하여신우신배또는요관이조영되는데걸리는시간과협착근위부의확장의정도에호전이있을때이를풍선확장술의성공으로간주하였다. 결과 46명환자에서선행성풍선확장술이시도되었으나이중 3명에서는유도철션으로협착부를통과시킬수가없어서기술적으로실패하였다. 이들 3명중 1명에서는신배누 두 (calyceal infundibulum), 신우요관이행부및 원위부 요관에다수의협착이있었던환자로근위협착부는모두확장하였으나마지막원위요관협착부를유도철션이통과하지못하여시술에실패하였고이로부터일주후에요관방광문합술 (ureteroneocystostomy) 를시행하였다. 나머 Table 1. Causes 01 Benign Ureteral Strictures and Results 01 Antegrade Balloon Dilatation in 43 Patients with Initial Technical Success Causes Tuberculosis Congenital UPJ Stenosis Ureteral anastomosis Ureter stone postoperative or post ESWL Operative trauma Retroperitoneal fibrosis Number 01 cases Improved - αζ니 1 7l 약nu nu Results Stationary 끼4꺼 )A4 nu Recurred Total % η4anu nu nu nu 4l

3 김승협외 앙성요관협착의섣행성풍선확장술및요관스텐트설치술 지 2명중 l 명에서는신장적출술 (nephrectom y ) 을시행 였다. 하였고다른 1명에서는경피선루를지속적으로유지시키 나머지 43명에서는기술적으로풍선확창술에성공하였 도록하였다. 기술척으로실패한 3 맹은모두요로결핵환자다 (Fig.1-3). 이들 43 명의요로협착원인별결과는 Table 1 a b c d e f Fig. 1. A 30 -year - old lemale patient with tuberculous stricture involving left distal ureter a. Initial IVU shows blunting 01 lower pole calyx and dilated pelvocalyces and ureter n left side b. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done and nephrostogram shows almost complete occlusion 01 left distal ureter c. A curved catheter was advanced to the obstruction site and i 미 ection 01 contrast media revealed irregular narrowing 01 left distal ureter d. Stenosed segment was negotiated with the catheter and a Iloppy guide wire e. A 6 -mm balloon catheter was positioned at the stenosed segment and inllated Note broad waist 01 the balloon 1. More powerl 비 inllation 01 the balloon resulted in incomplete disappearance 01 the waist 01 the balloon g. FOllow- up IVU taken 6 months after the procedure shows almost normal appear ance except residual deformity at left lower p 이 e calyx g

4 대한방사선의학회지 1994 : 30( 1) : 에요약되어있다.4-76개월의추적기간에서선행성풍선확장술로호전이있였던성공예는총 43 예중 30예로 70% 였다. 원인별로는비교적결과가좋았던경우는결핵성협착의 76%( 13/ 17), 요관결석과연관된협착의 88%(7/8) 및자궁수술등에서의요관손상에의한협착의 100% (4/4) 등이였다. 결과가좋지못했던경우로는요관문합부협착의 20% (1 /5) 이었으며후복막강섬유화증에의한요관협착 1 예는시술후재발하여요관의완전폐쇄로진행하였다. 선천성신우요관이행부협착의경우는 63%(5/8) 의성공율을보였는데총 8예중 4예는이전에수술을한적이없였던환자였고나머지 4예는이전에분할신우성형술 (dismembered pyeloplasy) 를받았던환자였다. 수술을받은적이없었던환자는 4명중 3명에서, 그리고수술을받았던경우는 4명중 2명에서성공적인결과를보였다. 시술후 3명에서요관협착이재발했는데후복막강섬유 화증에의한요관협착 l 예는시술후재발하여요관의완전폐쇄로진행하여수술후경피신루를계속유지시켰고결핵성요관협착 2예에서는시술후 38개월및 4 개월에재발하여이중 1예에서는재차풍선확장술을시행하여 1 0개월추적에서호전되었으며나머지 l 예에서는재차시술을시도하였으나유도철선이협착재발부위를통과하지않아서경피신루설치를계속유지하도록하였다. 고찰다양한원인에의한양성요관협착에대한선행성풍선확장술의치료효과에대해서는많은연구자의보고가있었으며대체로양호한치료효과가있다고인정되고있다 (1-13). 요관협착의원인, 위치, 길이, 협착의오래된정도및혈류공급장애의유무등의요인들이치료효과에영향 a b c Fig. 2. A 16 -year - old male patient with urinary tract tuberculosis diagnosed by positive urine acid last bacilli a. Initial IVU shows delayed excretion, hydronephrosis and hydroureter on lelt side b. Retrograde pyelography shows near total occlusion 01 left distal ureter. Retrograde catheterization was tri ed but lailed c. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done and balloon dilatation was pertormed at UPJ and distal uretric lesions d. Follow-up IVU taken one month after balloon dilatation with ureteral stenting shows improved caliectasis and excretion 01 contrast media d e e. Follow - up IVU taken 12 months after the procedure shows lurther improvement. Note residual delormity 01 renal pelvis and cal iceal inlundibul i with mild caliectasis 01 upper pole 01 left kidney 60 -

5 김승협외 양성요관협착의선행성풍선확장술및요관스텐트설치술 을미칠수있는것으로알려져있으며, 일반적으로긴협착보다는짧은협착이, 오래된협착보다는덜오래된협착에대하여선행성풍선확장술의치료효과가우수하다고보고되어있으며 (1-3) 특히요관장문합부 (ureteroenteric anastomosis) 에생긴협착과혈류공급에장애가있는협착은치료효과가좋지못한것으로알려져있다 (2, 10). Johnson 등의보고에의하면양성요관협착의오래된정도가특히중요한인자이며그들의예에서는 7개월이상경과된요관협착은모두풍선확장술에실패하였다고하였다 (1). 그러나본연구에있어서는협착의오래된정도를알수없는경우가많아서이에대한분석은할수없었다. 요관협착은요로결핵의중요한합병증이며요로결핵이진단될때에이미협착이있을경우도있지만흔히효과적인항결핵화학요법을받는데에도불구하고요관협착은발 생하여진행되기도한다 (4, 14). Lang 등의보고에의하면 요로결핵의경우폐쇄성동맥염 (end - arteritis obliterans) 에의하여혈류공급이좋지못하다고하였고이는선행성풍선확장술에좋은치료효과를기대하기어려울것으로추측되어온까달이었다 (2). 그러나저자들은초기에경험한결핵성요로협착 8예에있어서시술시기술상문제로실패한 2예를제외한 6예모두에서 9-31개월의추척경정맥요로조영술검사에호전을보여서결핵성요로협착이선행성풍선확장술의좋은시술대상이됨을보고한바있다 ( 4). 이후에결핵성요로협착 12예가본연구에추가되어총 20예의결핵성요로협착예가본연구에포함되었으며이중 17예에서시술에성공하였고 4-48개월의 추적검사에서 1 5예에서호전이있어서역시결핵성요로협착은선행성풍선확장술의좋은대상이됨을확언할수있였다. 다만호전을보였던 15예중 2예에서재발이있었으나이중 1예는재차풍선확장술을시행하여호전되었다. 과거결핵성요관협착의치료법으로방광경하에역행성삽관법 (retrograde catheterization) 이이용되었으나이방법은주로원위부요관의짧은길이의단일성협착에만효과가있을뿐협착이길고불규칙하거나다발성협착에있어서는기술적으로거의불가능하였다 (15, 16). 또한수술에의한요관방광문합방법도마찬가지로근위부요관협착이나다발성협착언경우에는이용이불가능하다 (1 5, 16). 이런경우중재방사선학적시술로서선행성풍선확장술이가장적절한치료방법이라고생각된다. 특히결핵성요로협착은본연구에포함된환자의경우에도 20명중 16 명의나이가 39세이하로비교적젊은연령에발생하기때문에가능한한신장의기능을보존하여야할것으로생각되며선기능이어느정도남아있는환자에서는신적출술을고려하기전에반드시시도되어야할시술법이라고생각된다. 본연구에포함된다른원인에의한요관협착의경우는이미보고된다른연구의결과와특별한차이점이없였다 (4-13). 방광암에서근치적방광적출숨을시행한후요관장문합부에발생한협착의경우는다른원인에의한요관협착에비하여풍선확장술에대한결과가좋지않은것으로알려져있고 Shapiro 등의보고에서는 37예중 6 예 (1 6%) 에서만호전이있였으며 (1 0) 본연구의경우요관문합 5예 a c Fig. 3. A 31-year Id female patient with bladder cancer who had been treated with transurethral resection a. IVU shows obstruction of right terminal ureter. Cystoscopy revealed no evidence of residual or recurrent tumor but there were fibrotic scar changes at right ureteral orifice. Retrograde catheterization was tried but failed b. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done and balloon dilatation was performed at right UVJ using a 6-mm balloon catheter c. Follow-up IVU taken 61 months after the balloon dilatation shows marked improvement 61 -

6 대한방사선의학회지 1994: 30( 1) : 중 3예에서방광암이나직장암으로방광적출술을시행한경우였고이 3예모두에서풍선확장술후호전되지않아다른보고에서와부합하는결과를보였다. 본연구에서 3예에서는신배누두의협착부위를확장하였으며추적경정맥요로조영술에서모두호전된소견을보였다. 신배누두의풍선확장술에대한보고는최근 L ang 에의하여보고되였으며신배게실 (calyceal diverticu lum) 이나누두가좁아진신배속의결석을경펴적으로제거한후게실업구나좁아진누두를확장하여 6명중 4 명에서호전이있었음을보고하였다 (1 7). 그러나요로결핵에서누두협착부에대하여풍선확장술을시도한보고는이전에없었다. 선행성풍선확장숨을시행한후요관스텐트를설치하여일정기간유지시컴으로풍선확장술로입은요관손상을치유하고협착이다시생기더라도어느정도이상진행하지못하도록하는데보통 4-8 주간유지시킨다 (1-12). 본연구에서도대부분의예에서 4-8 주간요관스텐트를유지시켰다. 다만최근에경험하여본연구대상에포함시키지는않았으나이전에항결핵화학요법을받은적이없고요관의협착부위의길이가비교적긴환자에서선행성풍선확장술을시행하는시기및요관스텐트의설치기간이문제가된다. 현재까지의경험으로는항결핵화학요법과동시에풍선확장술을시행하고요관스텐트는최소한항결핵화학요법이끝날때까지, 흑은그이후일정기간동안유지시켜야할것으로생각되며이에대하여는좀더장기적인연구가필요할것으로생각된다. 본연구에포함된성공예에있어서협착의호전을풍선카테타확장에의한효과와요관스텐트유지에의한효과로나누어서분석할수는없었다. Lang 의보고에의하면결핵에의한요관협착 5예모두에서요관스텐트를설치할수있었고풍선확장술없이요관스텐트설치만으로도요관결핵에의한요관협착의치료효과가있음을보고한바있다 (5). 풍선카테타확장에의한효과와요관스텐트유지에의한효과를분리하여비교하기위해서는두방법을무작위로비교하는연구가필요하리라고본다. 결론적으로선행성풍선확장술은결핵성요관협착을포함하는양성요관협착에대해서대체로효과적인치료방법이라고생각되며특히역행성삽관이나수술등이불가능한젊은결핵성요관협착환자의치료법으로특별한역할이있다고생각된다. 5ç C 그 -'-'- C 그 ~ - 1. Johnson CD, Oke EJ, Dunnnick NR, et a l. Percutaneous bal loon dilatation 01 ureteral strictures. AJR 1987 ; 148: Lang EK, Glorioso LW 11. Antegrade transluminal dilatation 1 benign ureteral strictures: long-te rm re sults. AJR 1988 ; Beckmann CF, Roth RA, Bihrle W 111 미 ation 01 benign 헌 ureteral strictures. Radiology 1989 ; 172: Kim SH, Yoon HK, Park JH, Han JK, et al. Tuberculous stric ture 01 the urinary tract anteg rade balloon dilation and ureteral stenting. Abdom Imaging 1993; Lang EK. Antegrade ureteral stenting lor dehiscence, strictures, and listu lae. AJR 1984 ; 143: Waller RM, Finnerty DP, Casarella WJ. Transluminal balloon dil ation 01 a tuberculous ureteral stricture. J Urol 1983 ; Beckmann CF, Roth RA Secondary ureteropelvic junction stricture: perculatenous dilati on. Radiology 1987; Banner MP, Pollack HM. Dilatation 01 ureteral stenoses techniques and experience in 44 patients. AJR 1984 ; Jacobsson B, Li ndstedt E, Sundin DLN, Vijayan P. Balloon dilatation 01 bilharzial ureteric strictures. Br J Urol 1987 ; Shapiro MJ, Banner MP, Amendola MA, Gordon RL, Pollack HM, Wein AJ. Balloon catheter dilation 01 ureteroenteric strictures. long-term resul ts. Radiology 1988 ; 168: Vóegeli DR, Crummy AB, McDermott JC, Jensen SR. Percu taneous dilation 01 ureteral strictures in renal transplant patients. Rad iology 1988, Banner MP, Pollack HM, Ring EJ, Wein AJ. Catheter dila tation 01 ben ign ureteral st rictures. Radiology 1983; 히태준 1 이은식, 김시황 1 김승렴, 박재형요관협직에대한 Balloon 확잠술의치료효괴대한비뇨키고 } 학회지 1991 ; 32: Murphy DM, Fal lon B, Lane V, O'Flynn JD. Tuberculous stricture 01 ureter. Urology 1982, Flynn D. Surgical treatment 01 genito-urinary tuberculosis a report on 762 cases. Br J Urol 1970 ; Kerr WK, Gale GL, Struthers NW, et al. Prognosis in reco nstructive surgery lor urin ary tuberculosis. Br J Urol 1970; Lang EK. Percutaneous inlund ibuloplasty: management 01 calyceal diverticula and inlundibular stenosis. Radiology 1991 ; ιn

7 김승협외 양성요관협착의선행성풍선확장술및요관스텐트설치술 Journal of the Korean Radiological Society, 1994 : 30 ( 1) : Antegrade Balloon Dilatation and Ureteral Stenting for the Benign Ureteral Strictures Seung Hyup Kim, M.D., Jae Hyung Park, M.D., Man Chung Han, M.D. Department 01 Diagnostic Radiology Seoul National University College 01 Medicine Purpose: To evaluate the role of antegrade balloon dilatation and uteteral stenting in benign ureteral strictures Materials and Methods: Percutaneous antegrade balloon dilatation was attempted in 46 patients with be nign ureteral strictures. The underlying causes of the strictures were urinary tract tuberculosis in 20 patients, congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction in eight, ureteroneocystostomy or ureteroileostomy state in five, postoperative or post-extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy state for ureteral calculi in eight, ureteral i 미 ury during surgery in four, and retroperitoneal fibrosis in one Results: Antegrade balloon dilatation was performed with initial technical success in 43 patients but the procedure was aborted in the remaining three with urinary tract tuberculosis due to the failure in passing a guidewire through the stenotic lesions. Intravenous urograms obtained 4-76 months after the procedure showed improvements in 76%(13/17) with urinary tract tuberculosis, in 63%(5/8) with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction, in 88 % (7/8) with strictures associated with ureteral calculi, and in 100 %(4/4) w ith iatrogenic ureteral injury. The results were relatively poor in strictures of the ureteral anastomosis(1 /5) and in ureteral strictures associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis(0/1) Conclusion : Antegrade balloon dilatation of the urinary tract combined with ureteral stenting was an effective technique for the management of the benign ureteral strictures. Index Words: Ureter, stenosis Ureter, percutaneous dilatation Ureter, intervention Address reprinted request to : Seung H yup Kim, M.D., Department of Diagnostic Radiology, SeouI National Uni versity Hospital 28 Yongon -Dong, Chongno -Gu, SeouI , Korea n u

8 1994 년도서울대학교의과대학방사선과학교실연수교육안내 심혈관영상진단및중재적시술 일 시 : 년 3 월 1 3 일 ( 일 ) 09: 00 am -5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교병원소아제 1 강의실 ( 종로구연건동소재 ) 산부인과질환의영상진단 일 시 : 년 4 월 10 일 ( 일 )09:00 없 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신럼동소재 ) 상복부초음파진단 일 시 : 년 5 월 8 일 ( 일 ) 09: 00 없 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신럼동소재 ) 신경방사선과학 얼 시 : 1994 년 6 월 26 일 ( 일 ) 9: 00 없 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신럼동소재 ) SNU -UCLA Joint Symposium 일시 : 1994 년 9 월 24 일 ( 토 ) 1 : 00 pm - 5 : 00 pm 9 월 25 일 ( 일 ) 9: 00 없 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신렴동소재 ) Radiology 1994 Update 일 시 : 1994 년 10 월 9 얼 ( 일 )09:00 밍 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신렴동소재 ) 소화기방사선과학 얼 시 : 1994 년 11 월 13 일 ( 일 ) 09: 00 없 n-5: 00 pm 장소 : 서울대학교관악캠퍼스문화관소강당 ( 관악구신럼동소재 ) - 64-

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