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1 ISSN(print) (2):85-95, June 2018 < 초청논문 > The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park* Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea (Received February 9, 2018: Revised March 12, 2018: Accepted June 11, 2018) Purpose: This study investigated the usage of lens care solution as an eye drop, the perception of lens care solution instillation, and the effects of lens care solution instillation on tear film stability and subjective symptoms of soft contact lens wearers with dry eyes. Methods: To investigate the actual usage of lens care solution as an eye drop and the perception of lens care solution instillation, an online survey was conducted on lens wearers who had no expert lens knowledge. Artificial tear and lens care solutions (2 multipurpose solutions and 1 wetting solution) were applied to contact lens wearers with dry eyes and their NIBUT and blink rate were measured. A survey was conducted to investigate the subjective symptoms following instillation. Results: More than a few lens wearers have used lens care solution as an eye drop, which isn't its original use, or had a positive perception of lens care solution instillation. A large number of respondents didn't know the exact direction for use of the lens care solution. NIBUT increased immediately after the instillation of artificial tear and lens care solutions yet decreased after 15 ~ 20 minutes following lens care solution instillation. All four solutions showed little effect on the change of blink rate after instillation. Although most subjective symptoms improved after artificial tear instillation, they worsened after instillation of multipurpose solutions. Conclusions: Lens care solutions are less effective in maintaining tear film stability than artificial tears and exacerbate subjective symptoms. Therefore, artificial tear instillation is the most effective and safe for dry eyes. In addition, lens wearers need to be educated on proper use of lens care solutions. Key words: Soft contact lenses, Lens care solution, Instillation, Tear film stability, Dry eyes, Subjective symptoms 서론건성안은안과에서가장빈번하게진단되는질병중하나로, 문서작업, 게임, 강의시청, 휴대용영상기기등을이용하는시간이늘어남에따라건성안을호소하는환자가증가하고있다. [1,2] 또한콘택트렌즈착용은눈물층에영향을주어안구건조증과같은부작용을야기한다. [3] 이에안구건조감을개선하기위하여흔히사용하는방법은인공눈물점안이다. [4,5] Tong 등 [6] 의연구에서인공눈물은실제눈물과같은지질, 수성, 점액층을형성할수없기때문에건성안치료에한계를가진다고보고된바있으나김등 [7] 은계면활성제와점성유지제가함유된인공눈물이식염수에비해눈물막안정성유지에효과적으로작용하였으므로인공눈물에함유된성분에따라안구건조증개선에대한효과가다르다고하였다. 콘택트렌즈를불편감없이착용하기위해서는적절한점안제의선택및적절한사용에대한지도와교육이필요하다. 그러나콘택트렌즈착용자들이정확한렌즈관리법을모르고사용하는사례가적지않은것으로조사되었다. [8-10] 청소년을대상으로한김등 [8] 의연구에서는설문응답자중약 25% 만이렌즈관리법을정확하게알고있었고, 전연령의콘택트렌즈착용자를대상으로한최등 [9] 의연구에서는설문응답자중 5% 가수돗물로렌즈를세척한다고응답하였으며, 여대생을대상으로한최등 [10] 의연구에서는콘택트렌즈를착용한상태에서안약을점안하는것이권장사항이아니라는사실을아는사람이 49.8% 에불과하였다. 이렇게건강한콘택트렌즈착용을위해서는착용자들이사용법및관리법을준수하는것이필요하지만실제로지켜지지않는경우가많은것으로나타났으며, 콘택트렌즈관리용액또한용도에맞지않게사용될가능성이상존하고있다. 김등 [11] 은습윤제, 완충제, 계면활성제, 점성제등이함유된인공눈물과달리소독을위해 polyquaterium-1 등의살균제성분이함유된다목적용액은세포사멸수용체를활성화하여각막상피세포의자살을유 *Corresponding author: Mijung Park, TEL: , mjpark@seoultech.ac.kr 본논문의일부내용은 2017년도한국안광학회동계학술대회에서포스터로발표되었음. 85

2 86 So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park 도하거나세포생존율을저하시키는등독성을가질수있기때문에세척및소독, 보관등의본래의용도가아닌점안제로사용하는것은위험할수있다고말하였다. 따라서본연구에서는콘택트렌즈의세척, 소독, 보관등에사용되는관리용액이점안제로사용되는실태및관리용액점안에대한인식상태를조사하였다. 또한건성안환자중렌즈착용자를대상으로관리용액을점안한후눈물막안정성및자각증상을측정및조사분석하여눈물막안정성에미치는영향을평가하고자하였다. 대상및방법 1. 관리용액의점안실태및인식조사콘택트렌즈착용자의관리용액점안실태와관리용액점안에대한인식을조사하기위해서울및경기지역에거주하는콘택트렌즈를착용해본경험은있으나콘택트렌즈관련전문지식이없는만 16 ~ 39세 ( 평균 22.11±2.75세 ) 의남녀 231명 ( 남자 61명, 여자 170명 ) 을대상으로온라인설문조사를실시하였다. 설문지는관리용액점안경험여부및빈도, 점안이유, 점안에대한인식항목을포함하였다 (Appendix 1). 2. 관리용액점안이건성안의눈물막안정성에미치는영향 1) 대상본실험의취지에동의하고건성안이외의다른안질환이없으며시력교정술등안과적수술경험이없는만 18 ~ 27 세 ( 평균 22.04±2.41세 ) 의남녀 25명 ( 남자 10명, 여자 15명 ) 의 50안을대상으로하였다. 50안모두용액점안전측정한나안의비침습성눈물막파괴시간 (non invasive tear break-up time: NIBUT) 가 10초이하인건성안이었다. [12] 2) 소프트콘택트렌즈및점안용액과눈물막안정성측정시실험조건실험에사용한콘택트렌즈는 etafilcon A 재질의일회용소프트콘택트렌즈 ( 이하소프트렌즈 ) 이었다 (Table 1). 돗수에따른소프트렌즈부분두께의차이에의해유발될수있는실험오차를배제하기위해모든대상안에게동일돗수 ( 0.50 D) 를착용시켰으며, 양호한피팅상태를유지하는피검자만을대상으로실험을진행하였다. 점안용액은모두 4종으로, 점안용도로사용되며점액유지제와계면활성제가모두함유되어있는인공눈물 (artificial tear solution, AT) 1종, 콘택트렌즈관리에사용되며계면활성제만을함유하고있는다목적용액 (multipurpose solution, MPS) 2종, 콘택트렌즈습윤에사용되며점성유지제와계면활성제가모두함유되어있는습윤액 (rewetting Table 1. The parameters of soft contact lenses used in the study Brand name One day acuvue USAN etafilcon A Manufacturer Johnson & Johnson Monomer HEMA, methacrylic acid FDA material group IV Wearing cycle Daily disposable Refractive power (D) 0.50 Base curve (mm) 8.5 Diameter (mm) 14.2 Central thickness at 3.00 D (mm) Water content (%) 58 Dk/t (cm ml) / (s ml mmhg) Design UV FDA class Spherical Class II (Blocking more than UVB 95%, UVA 70%) solution, RW) 1종을사용하였다 (Table 2). 소프트렌즈를착용하고눈물막안정성측정실험을진행하는동안항온항습기 (Thermohygrostat, SVU-30M, Kiturami, KOREA) 를이용해검사실의온도 (21±1 o C) 와습도 (50±10%) 를일정하게유지하였다. 렌즈착용후 20분이상의안정화시간을가진후 4종류의용액을무작위순서로한방울점안하였다. 실험은 4~5월에하였으며, 한피검자에게동일한날일정시간간격을두고실시하여환경적인영향을최소화하여진행하였다. 3) NIBUT, 순목횟수및자각증상측정 NIBUT는케라토미터 (OM-4, TOPCON, Japan) 로측정하였으며, 완전순목후 3개의마이어상이찌그러질때까지의시간으로나타내었다. 인공눈물및관리용액점안직전과점안직후, 점안후 5분간격으로 NIBUT를측정하였다. 분당순목횟수는대상자가인식하지못하게촬영한후측정하였다. 순목횟수는용액점안전과 5분후, 30분후각각측정하였다. 건조감, 이물감, 피곤감, 작열감, 뻑뻑함, 따가움, 가려움, 눈시림, 충혈 9개항목으로용액점안전과점안 10분후의자각증상을문진하여평가하였다. 용액점안전에대한점안후의자각증상변화를나타내기위해 7단계 ( 15, 10, 5: 증상개선, 0 : 변화없음, 5, 10, 15: 증상악화 ) 로구분하였다 (Appendix 2).

3 The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes 87 Table 2. Composition of artificial tear lens care solutions used in the study Solution AT MPS-1 MPS-2 RW Product Frenz eye drop solution mild OPTI-FREE Express [17] Renu fresh [18] Frenz Drop [19] Usage Artificial tear Muli-purpose solution Rewetting solution Manufacturer JW medicine Alcon Bausch&Lomb K&JC Viscoelastant Hydroxyethyl cellulose 1 mg - - Disinfectant Surfactant Buffer system Others Chlorhexidine gluconate solution 0.25 µl, Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05 mg, Disodium edetate hydrate 0.1 g Polysorbate µl Boric acid 5 mg, Borax 0.45 mg Sodium chloride 5.5 mg, Potassium chloride1.5 mg, Glucose 0.05 g, water for injection 1 mg POLYQUAD(poly quaternium-1) 0.001%, ALDOX (myristamidopropyl dimethylamine) %, edetate disodium TETRONIC %, sorbitol Boric acid, aminomethyl propanol Sodium citrate, Sodium chloride DYMED (polyaminopropyl biguanide) %, Edetate disodium, HYDRANATE (hydroxyalkyl phosphonate) Hypromellose2910, Sodium hyaluronate 20% Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride, EDTA Poloxamine Poloxamer 407 Boric acid Sodium borate, Sodium chloride Sodium borate, Borate NaCl, HCl, NaOH 4) 통계처리연구결과는 3회측정하여평균 ± 표준편차로나타냈으며, SPSS ver 18.0을사용하여분석하였다. 점안한용액및점안시간에따른 NIBUT 및분당순목횟수와점안용액에따른자각적증상의통계적유의성은반복측정분산분석으로검정하였고, Mauchly의구형성검정을실시하였다. 구형성이가정되지않은경우에는 Greenhouse-Geisser 검정을통해구형성이가정된상태에서분석하였다. 유의확률 0.05 미만일때통계적으로유의한차이가있다고판정하였다. 만바로점안하는것이더편해서 ( 렌즈를뺐다가다시착용하는것이귀찮아서 ) 라고답한수가 12명, 효과면에 결과및고찰 1. 관리용액점안의사용실태및인식조사응답자 231명중 68명 (29.4%) 가렌즈관리용액 ( 다목적용액, 습윤액등 ) 을점안한경험이있다고응답하였다 (Fig. 1). 렌즈관리용액을점안한경험이있다고응답한 68명중 24명 (35.3%) 가주 1회이상렌즈관리용액을주기적으로점안하는것으로나타났다 (Fig. 2). 관리용액을점안하는이유를복수응답하게하였을때 렌즈를관리 ( 보존 ) 하는용액이므로눈에바로넣어도무해할것이라생각해서 라고답한수가 39명으로가장많았고 인공눈물처방혹은구매를위해안과, 약국에방문하는것이번거로워서 라고답한수가 19명, 관리용액의정확한사용법을알고있지 Fig. 1. Use of lens care solution as an eye drop. Fig. 2. Frequency of using lens care solution as an eye drop.

4 88 So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park Table 3. Reasons for using lens care solution as an eye drop Question No. of subjects I think it's harmless 39 It's annoying to visit the pharmacy or hospital to prescribe artificial tears 19 I know exactly how to use these solutions, but it is convenient 12 In effect it's equal to or better than artificial tears 7 In case of feeling of severe dryness, there was no artificial tears 5 It's cheaper than artificial tears 2 Fig. 4. Use of lens care solution as an eye drop by the subjects with negative perception. 서인공눈물의효과와동일하게생각되거나또는더좋다고생각해서 라고답한수가 7명, 가격면에서인공눈물보다더저렴해서 라고답한수가 2명이었으며기타의견으로 심한건조감을느낀상황에서인공눈물이없어서부득이하게점안하였다 고답한수가 5명이었다 (Table 3). 이는콘택트렌즈착용자가렌즈관리용액을점안하는주된이유로관리용액점안이눈에무해할것이라는판단과관리용액의정확한사용법을지키는것에대한번거로움으로사료된다. 렌즈관리용액점안에대한인식을묻는항목에서는전체응답자 231명중 58명 (25.1%) 가렌즈관리용액을점안해도되거나렌즈관리용액의정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용해도문제없을것같다는긍정적인인식을가지고있는것으로조사되었다. 또한이러한긍정적인인식을가지고있는 58명중 35명 (60.3%) 가점안경험이있다고답변하였다 (Fig. 3). 렌즈관리용액이점안하는용도가아니라는것을알고있거나정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용하면해로울것같다고답한응답자는총 173명이며이중 34명 (19.7%) 가점안경험이있다고답하였다 (Fig. 4). 이와같이부정적인인식을가지고있음에도 점안한경험이있다고답한응답자가적지않은것으로보아즉각적인안구의불편감해소나관리용품의정확한사용법에대한번거로움이관리용액을점안하는것에크게영향을미치는것으로보인다. 또한렌즈관리용액의정확한사용법을모른다고답한응답자가 50.6% 이므로콘택트렌즈관리용액사용법에대한교육이필요함을알수있다. 2. 관리용액점안이건성안에미치는영향 1) NIBUT 변화 NIBUT는나안에서 5.29±1.81초로실험대상자모두건성안이었고, 소프트렌즈착용 20분후에는 3.87±1.35초로 NIBUT가감소하였으며, 이는통계적으로유의한차이였다 (p = 0.000, Fig. 5). 4개의용액을각각점안한후 5분간격으로 NIBUT를측정하여, 점안용액에의한눈물막안정화효과의지속시간을평가하였다. 4개의용액모두시간이경과함에따라 NIBUT가감소하였으며, 이는통계적으로유의하였다 ( 모두 p < 0.000, Fig. 6). 4개의용액을점안한직후의 NIBUT 는 AT, MPS-1, MPS-2, RW에서각각 218.3%, 261.5%, Fig. 3. Use of lens care solution as an eye drop by the subjects with positive perception. Fig. 5. NIBUTs before and after soft contact lenses wear.

5 The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes 89 Fig. 6. The change of NIBUT with time after instillation of each solution. A. AT, B. RW, C. MPS-1, D. MPS %, 220.8% 증가하였고모든용액에서점안직후의 NIBUT 증가효과가나타났다. 이러한결과는 AT 뿐만아니라 2개의 MPS, RW 모두계면활성제나점성유지제를함유하여눈물지질층을안정시켜점안의효과를유지한것으로보인다. [14,15] 반면점안 5분후에는점안전과비교하여 AT는 48.3%, MPS-1은 47.7%, MPS-2는 53.0%, RW 는 44.5% 증가한상태였으며점안직후에비하여상승폭이크게감소하였으나점안전보다는 NIBUT가크게증가되어있어눈물막안정화효과가유지되어있음을알수있었다. 시간이경과될수록 4개용액모두 NIBUT가점차감소하였으나감소하는양상및눈물막안정성유지시간은용액에따라달랐다. AT 는점안직후부터 NIBUT가점점감소하였으나 30분경과후에도점안전과비교하여 3.2% 증가한상태로눈물막안정화효과가지속되고있었다 (Fig. 6A). AT 에함유된점성유지제와계면활성제가눈물막안정성이유지되도록작용하여다른용액과달리점안 30분후까지도점안효과가남아있는것으로판단된다. AT와는달리 MPS-1과 RW는점안 20분경과후에는더이상점안효과가유지되지않았으며 MPS-2는점안 15분경과후부터 NIBUT가감소하여가장빨리점안효과가없어졌다 (Fig. 6B, 6C, 6D). 점안 30분후에측정된 NIBUT는 MPS-1, MPS-2, RW에서각각 8.7%, 11.7%, 8.8% 감소하는것으로나타나점안 30분후의 NIBUT도 MP-2도가장감소하는것으로나타났다. 2종의 MPS는점성유지제를함유하지않고계면활성제 만을함유하고있으며, 이러한성분의차이에의해 AT에비해눈물막안정성유지효과가떨어지는것으로생각된다. 또한점안용액에함유된계면활성제, 점성유지제, 습윤제등의성분이나조성에따라눈물막안정성에미치는효과가달라질수있음을확인할수있었다. 2. 순목횟수변화 AT와 MPS-1를점안한후순목횟수는점안 5분후에증가하였다가 30분후에는점안전과유사하게복귀하였다. MPS-2의경우점안 5분후순목횟수가감소하였다 30분후증가하는경향을나타냈고, RW는점안 5분, 30분후순목횟수가증가하는경향을나타냈으나, 이는모두통계적으로유의한차이가없었다 (Fig. 7). AT, MPS-1, RW에서점안 5분후순목횟수가증가한것은점안자극에의한반사눈물때문으로판단되며, 모든용액에서점안후순목횟수의증감폭이매우작아통계적으로유의한차이를나타내지않았다. 이는용액점안으로인한순목의영향은매우미미한것으로보이며, 외부자극, 개인의심리상태, 주변환경등에의한영향이더클것가능성이있다고생각된다. [16] 3. 자각증상변화 AT 점안후따가움을제외한모든자각증상항목이개선되었고, 특히건조감과뻑뻑함이크게개선되었다. RW 점안의경우건조감, 이물감, 뻑뻑함, 가려움, 충혈은개선되고피곤감, 작열감, 따가움, 눈시림은악화되었다. MPS-

6 90 So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park Fig. 7. The change of blinkrate after instillation of each solution. Fig. 8. The change of subjective symptoms score after instillation of each solution. 1 점안후에는작열감과충혈이개선되었고, 다른항목들은다소악화된것으로나타났으며, MPS-2 점안후에는건조감과충혈을제외한모든자각증상이악화되었다. AT 와비교하였을때 RW는피곤감이, MPS-1은건조감, 뻑뻑함이, MPS-2는이물감, 피곤감, 뻑뻑함이통계적으로유의하게악화되었다 (Fig. 8). AT와 RW에비해 2종의 MPS에의해자각증상이더악화된것은용액에함유된소독제의농도차이, 점성유지제의유무, 계면활성제의농도차이등과같은요인들이작용하였을것으로보인다. 모든용액에는세균감염을막기위해보존제목적의미량의살균성분이함유되어있다. MPS의경우에는콘택트렌즈관리를위해사용되므로소독을위해살균성분이함유되어있으며, 제품에따라살균성분의종류또는농도가다르게된다. 관리용액에사용되는살균성분은콘택트렌즈관리후표면에묻어있는용량에서는양이적을뿐만아니라눈물에의해서도희석이 되므로각막에크게영향을미치지않을것으로보이나점안을한경우는자각증상에영향을미쳤을가능성을배제할수없다. 콘택트렌즈와관련된안과용액은크게점안용액과비점안용액으로나눌수있다. 점안용액은눈에직접적용하기때문에효과여부뿐만아니라눈에미치는영향까지검토되어개발되고, 식품의약품안전처의허가를받아야지만소비자들이사용하는것이가능하다. 반면에비점안용액은사람눈에직접적용할목적으로사용하는것이아니므로눈에미치는부작용에대한검토가충분히이루어지지않은채시판되게된다. 점안용액과비점안용액에는다양한성분들이함유되어있으며, 세척뿐만아니라습윤의목적으로계면활성제성분들이포함되어있다. 점안용액뿐만아니라비점안용액에함유되어있는계면활성제성분인 polysorbate, poloxamine, poloxamer 등은모두공중합체이다. 즉, poloxamer는 ethylene diamine 중심부에 4개

7 The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes 91 의 polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene arm을기본구조로한중합체의형태로단일분자량을가진단일물질이아니며 polysorbate와 poloxamer 역시이러한공중합혼합물의형태이다. [12-14] 점안용액과비점안용액은성분구성상만으로는유사한성분들이함유되어있는것으로보이지만성분구조의미세한차이에의해서도독성에차이가날수있다. 또한, 기본적으로점안용액과비점안용액에서계면활성제의함유량이차이가날수밖에없으며, 이러한함량의차이가부작용여부에큰영향을미치게된다. 계면활성제성분은다양한안과용액에함유되어사용되고있지만 [15-16] 농도가높은경우에는세포독성을유발하게되므로적절한용도로의사용이중요하다고보여진다. [17-19] 김등 [7] 은계면활성제및점성유지제의함유여부가각기다른 3종의인공눈물과생리식염수를소프트렌즈착용상태에서점안한후눈물막안정성이어떻게달라지는지를보고한바있다. 본연구에서와마찬가지로김등 [7] 의연구에서생리식염수를포함한모든용액을점안한직후에 NIBUT가 100% 이상의큰증가를보였으며, 착용 5분후에는 25.7 ~ 54.0% 의 NIBUT 증가가나타났다. 또한, 점성조절제가함유된인공눈물이점안직후의 NIBUT를가장크게증가시켰으나지속효과는계면활성제와점성조절제가모두함유된인공눈물이가장컸다고보고하였다. 본연구에서는다목적용액과습윤액의눈물막안정성에미치는영향을비교하는대조군으로계면활성제와점성조절제가모두포함된인공눈물을사용하였다. 다목적용액은계면활성제만을함유하고있으며, 습윤액은계면활성제와점성조절제를모두함유하고있다. 성분의함유유무만을따지고본다면인공눈물과큰차이는없으나관리용액은세척의목적으로계면활성제를함유하고있으므로인공눈물에함유되어있는계면활성제와는효능과농도면에서다를수밖에없다. 또한, 살균을위한성분도인공눈물보다다량함유되어있어용액에함유된성분간의상호작용에의해부수적인목적인습윤성이간섭을받을수있다. 무엇보다도습윤성유지및눈물막안정성유지에필요한점성유지제가함유되어있지않다는것이다목적용액이인공눈물보다눈물막의안정을지속시키는효과가작은이유가될수있을것으로보인다. 반면에콘택트렌즈의습윤을유지할목적으로사용되는습윤제는점성유지제와계면활성제가모두함유되어있으나인공눈물보다눈물막의안정을지속시키는효과가작은것으로나타났다. 눈에직접적용하도록제조되어있는인공눈물의경우는효과와각막의안전성을위한정보를제공하고있어구성성분뿐만아니라구성성분의함유량까지제시되어있다. 하지만콘택트렌즈의관리에사용이되도록제조된 관리용액은구성성분의함유량이제시되어있지않아정확한비교가쉽지않고, 습윤액에함유된점성유지제와계면활성제의농도가인공눈물과동등한눈물막안정성을유지할수없다고사료된다. 다목적용액이나습윤액이효과가인공눈물보다떨어진다는결과보다더우려해야할것은자각증상이다. 본연구에서다목적용액중 MPS-1와 MPS-2를점안하였을때자각증상의악화가관찰되었다. 습윤액은자각증상의악화는크게나타나지않았고, 개선효과가인공눈물보다낮은것으로분석되어습윤액및다목적용액의점안이자각증상개선효과가없거나오히려불편감을가중시킬수있음을알수있다. 결 론 본연구에서실시한콘택트렌즈관리용액점안실태및인식조사에따르면관리용액을본래의용도가아닌점안에사용하거나관리용액점안에대해긍정적인인식을가진응답자가적지않았으며, 총응답자의과반이넘는수가관리용액의정확한사용법을모른다고답하여콘택트렌즈관리용액의올바른사용법의교육이필요할것으로보인다. 또한, 이러한사용실태를기반으로하여건성안에서소프트렌즈를착용하는대상자에게관리용액및습윤액을점안하였을때모두점안초기에 NIBUT를증가시켜눈물막안정성유지에효과가있었다. 하지만눈물막안정성유지시간이 15 ~ 20분정도로나타나 30분후에도눈물막안정성을유지효과를가지고있는인공눈물보다효과면에서떨어지는것으로나타났다. 더군다나인공눈물점안후에는대부분의자각증상이개선되었지만다목적용액을점안한후에는악화되는경향을보여안전성이확보되어있지않은관리용액점안은각막등여러부작용에노출될가능성이있을것으로사료된다. 따라서건조감을느끼는콘택트렌즈착용자에게는렌즈제거후인공눈물의점안이가장효과적이고, 안전하다는것을주지시킬필요가있으며, 다목적용액이나습윤액을점안하지않도록하는올바른관리용품사용법에대한교육이필요하다고사료된다. REFERENCES [1] Brewitt H, Sistani F. Dry eye disease: the scale of the problem. Surv Ophthalmol. 2001;45(2):S199-S202. [2] Yun CM, Kang SY, Kim HM, Song JS. Prevalence of dry eye disease among university students. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2012;53(4):

8 92 So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park [3] Jung DI, Lee HS, Kim SR, Park M. The difference of tear break-up time by the fitting states of soft contact lens in normal and dry eyes. 2010;15(4): [4] Seo SG. The effect of artificial tear application on central corneal thickness in dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2009;50(10): [5] Shin HM, Park M. Kim SR. The effect of difference in main components of artificial tears on tear film stability of soft contact lenses wearers. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2016;21(4): [6] Tong L, Petznick A, Lee S, Tan J. Choice of artificial tear formulation for patients with dry eye: where do we start?. Cornea. 2012;31(1):S32-S36. [7] Kim SR, Lim JA, Jung JH, Byun HY, Park M. The effect of artificial tear components on tear film stability of dry eyes in the early stage of soft contact lenses wear. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2016;21(3): [8] Kim PS, Kim SD, Kim JD, Choi CW. A survey on contact lens care in young adolescent student. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2014;55(1): [9] Choi TH, Kim HM, Cha HW, Kim JC, Kim MS, Lee HB. Research on the current status of contact lenses in Korea. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2004;45(11): [10] Choi JY, Song YY, Byun JC. The status of contact lens wearing, management and eye health awareness among female university students in Jeju area. J Korean Ophthalmic Opt Soc. 2016;21(3): [11] Kim NY, Lee KJ. Cytotoxicity of multipurpose contact lens solutions on the cultured corneal epithelial cells evaluated by image analysis. 2015;20(1): [12] Price R, Gustafson J, Greish K, Cappello J, McGill L, Ghandehari H. Comparison of silk-elastinlike protein polymer hydrogel and poloxamer in matrix-mediated gene delivery. Int J Pharm. 2012;427(1): [13] Neal JC, Stolnik S, Garnett MC, Davis SS, Illum L. Modification of the copolymers poloxamer 407 and poloxamine 908 can affect the physical and biological properties of surface modified nanospheres. Pharm Res. 1998;15(2): [14] Nayak VS, Tan Z, Ihnat PM, Russell RJ, Grace MJ. Evaporative light scattering detection based HPLC method for the determination of polysorbate 80 in therapeutic protein formulations. J Chromatogr Sci. 2012;50(1): [15] Moghimi SM, Hunter AC. Poloxamers and poloxamines in nanoparticle engineering and experimental medicine. Trends Biotechnol. 2000;18(10): [16] Al Khateb K, Ozhmukhametova EK, Mussin MN, Seilkhanov SK, Rakhypbekov TK, Lau WM et al. In situ gelling systems based on Pluronic F127/Pluronic F68 formulations for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm. 2016;502(1-2): [17] Zhao M, Campolmi N, Thuret G, Piselli S, Acquart S, Peoc'h M et al. Poloxamines for deswelling of organ-cultured corneas. Ophthalmic Res. 2012;48(3): [18] Ho L, Di Carlo S, Moran KL, Bantseev V, Sivak JG. Effect of age on ocular irritancy as measured with in vitro bovine lenses. Toxicol In Vitro. 2008;22(2): [19] Ayaki M, Iwasawa A. Cell viability of four corneoconjunctival cell lines exposed to five preservatives and a surfactant used for infection control in eyedrops. Biocontrol Sci. 2011;16(3):

9 The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes 93 관리용액점안이소프트콘택트렌즈를착용한건성안의눈물막안정성에미치는영향 김소라, 박성호, 이가람, 박새별, 박미정 * 서울과학기술대학교안경광학과, 서울 투고일 (2018 년 2 월 9 일 ), 수정일 (2018 년 3 월 12 일 ), 게재확정일 (2018 년 6 월 11 일 ) 목적 : 본연구에서는렌즈관리용액이점안에사용되는실태와관리용액점안에대한인식을조사하고관리용액의점안이소프트콘택트렌즈를착용한건성안의눈물막안정성및자각증상에미치는영향을알아보고자하였다. 방법 : 렌즈관련전문지식이없는렌즈착용자를대상으로온라인설문조사를실시하여렌즈관리용액의점안제로서의사용실태와점안에대한인식을조사하였다. 콘택트렌즈를착용한건성안에인공눈물과렌즈관리용액 (2 종의다목적용액과 1 종의습윤액 ) 을점안한후 NIBUT, 순목횟수를측정하고설문조사를통해점안에따른자각증상을평가하였다. 결과 : 적지않은렌즈착용자가관리용액을본래의용도가아닌점안에사용하거나관리용액점안에대해긍정적인인식을가지고있었으며많은수의응답자가관리용액의정확한사용법을모른다고답하였다. 인공눈물및렌즈관리용액점안후 NIBUT 는점안초기에는모두증가하였으나렌즈관리용액은점안 15 ~ 20 분후부터 NIBUT 가감소되었다. 4 종의용액모두점안후순목횟수의변화는미미했다. 인공눈물점안후에는대부분의자각증상은개선되었지만 2 종의다목적용액을점안후에는대부분의증상이악화되었다. 결론 : 관리용액은인공눈물에비해눈물막안정성유지효과가떨어지고자각증상의악화를유발하므로건성안에는인공눈물의점안이가장효과적이고안전하며렌즈관리용액의올바른사용법에대한교육이실시될필요가있다. 주제어 : 소프트콘택트렌즈, 관리용액, 점안, 눈물막안정성, 건성안, 자각증상

10 94 So Ra Kim, Sung Ho Park, Ga Ram Lee, Sae Byeol Park, and Mijung Park Appendix 1. 설문지 본설문지는콘택트렌즈관리용액 ( 다목적용액, 렌즈습윤액등 ) 이점안제로사용되는실태와관리용액점안에대한인식을조사하기위한설문지입니다. 다음문항을읽고해당하는답변에표시해주시기바랍니다. 본설문결과는학술적인용도로만사용됩니다. 성별 : 남 / 여생년월 : 1번문항렌즈관리용액을인공눈물을사용하듯눈에점안한적이있는가? 있다. 없다. *1번문항에서 1) 있다 고답하신분만답변해주세요. 2번문항렌즈관리용액을얼마나자주점안하였는가? 하루 2회이상하루 1회정도주 3~4회주 1회정도넣어본경험만있다. 3번문항렌즈관리용액을눈에직접사용한이유는? ( 복수선택가능 ) 인공눈물처방혹은구매를위해안과, 약국에방문하는것이번거로워서가격면에서인공눈물보다더저렴해서렌즈를관리 ( 보존 ) 하는용액이므로눈에바로넣어도무해할것이라생각해서효과면에서인공눈물의효과와동일하게생각되거나또는더좋다고생각해서관리용액의정확한사용법을알고있지만바로점안하는것이더편해서 ( 렌즈를뺐다가다시착용하는것이귀찮아서 ) 기타 : 4번문항렌즈관리용액을점안하는것에대하여어떻게생각하는가? 점안해도된다고알고있다. 점안하는용도가아니라고알고있다. 정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용해도문제없을것같다. 정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용하면해로울것같다. *1번문항에서 2) 없다 고답하신분만답변해주세요. 5번문항렌즈관리용액을점안하는것에대하여어떻게생각하는가? 점안해도된다고알고있다. 점안하는용도가아니라고알고있다. 정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용해도문제없을것같다. 정확한용도는모르지만눈에바로사용하면해로울것같다.

11 The Effects of Lens Care Solution Instillation on Tear Film Stability of Soft Contact Lens Wearers with Dry Eyes 95 Appendix 2. 자각증상설문지 본설문지는렌즈관리용액을점안에따른자각적증상의변화를알아보기위한설문지입니다. 다음항목을읽고해당하는점수에표시해주시기바라며점수는관리용액점안전과비교하여관리용액점안후자각증상이개선되면 (-) 로, 악화되면 (+) 로나타납니다. 본설문결과는학술적인용도로만사용됩니다. 피검자 실험날짜 점안시간 검사자 설문시간 점안 10분후 실험차수 증상 개선 변화없음 악화 건조감 이물감 피곤감 작열감 뻑뻑함 따가움 가려움 눈시림 충혈

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