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1 Dietary behaviors among Korean adolescents: The results of Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 137

2 Figure 1. Secular trends in dietary behaviors from Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey( ) in Korean adolescents Source : Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in Korea, Figure 2. Proportion of breakfast skipping, carbonated beverage/ fastfood/instant noodle consumption among middle and high school students by sex and school type Source : Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in Korea, 2008 Figure 3. Proportion of fruits/vegetable/milk consumption among middle and high school students by sex and school type Source : Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in Korea, Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

3 Table 1. Dietary Behaviors by Smoking, Alcohol Use, Obese(2008) Alcohol use Smoking Obese Never Past Current Past Current alcohol alcohol Never cigarette cigarette use use use use Normal weight Overweight Obese Breakfast skipping 1) Fruits consumption 2) Vegetable consumption 3) Milk consumption 4) Carbonated beverage consumption 5) Fastfood consumption 6) Instant noodle consumption 7) Confectionary consumption 8) ) Percentage of students who skipped breakfast more than 5 days during the past 7 days before survey 2) Percentage of students who ate fruits one or more times per day during the past 7 days before survey 3) Percentage of students who ate vegetable three or more times per day during the past 7 days before survey 4) Percentage of students who drank milk two or more times per day during the past 7 days before survey 5) Percentage of students who drank carbonated beverage one or more times during the past 7 days before survey 6) Percentage of students who ate fastfood(pizza, hamburger, fried chicken) one or more times during the past 7 days before survey 7) Percentage of students who ate instant noodle one or more times during the past 7 days before survey 8) Percentage of students who ate confectionary one or more times during the past 7 days before survey Source : Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey in Korea, 2008 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 139

4 Review of the association between oral health and general health 140 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

5 Figure 1. Common pathways of oral chronic infection and diabetes[20] Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 141

6 Table 1. Epidemiological studies for the association between diabetes and periodontitis[12] Authors Population Year Study design No.of subjects Age* Diabetes type Periodontal measure Evidence Level Ging: 0s Firatli Turkey 1997 Prospective 0, (mean) 1 Pd: 0s B-2 Lpa: 1s Cohen et al. USA 1970 Prospective 0,0 Ging: 1s; 39 18, 35 1 Lpa: 1r, 1s B-2 Tervonen Ging: 0e & Karjalainen Finland 1997 Prospective 0, , 36 1 Pd: 1r B-2 Novaes et al. Brazil 1996 Prospective 0,0 Pd: 1s, 1r 60 30,77 2 Lpa: 1s, 1r B-2 Nelson et al. USA 1990 Prospective 2,273 15, XRBL: 1i, 1p B-2 Taylor et al. USA 1998 Prospective 0,362 15, 57 2 XRBL: 1i, 1r B-2 Taylor et al. USA 1998 Prospective 0,359 15, 49 2 XRBL: 1i, 1r B-2 Demmer et al. USA 2008 Prospective 9,296 25, 74 2 Ging: 0s Lpa: 1i B-2 Ging: 0s; Goteiner et al. USA 1986 Cross-sectional 0,249 School ages 1 Lpa: 0p, 0s C PDI: 0s Ging: 1s; Novaes et al. Brazil 1991 Cross-sectional 0,060 5, 18 1 Pd: 0s C XRBL: 1s Tervonen et al. Finland 2000 Cross-sectional 0, (mean) 1 XRBL: 1e C Ging: 1p Morton et al. Mauritius 1995 Cross-sectional 0, , 76 2 Pd: 1s Lpa: 1s C Shlossman et al. USA 1990 Cross-sectional 3,229 5, Lpa: 1p XRBL: 1p C *Ages: Subjects ages presented as minimum, maximum iabetes type not specified but ascertained by reviewer from other information in the report. Measure of periodontal disease status. Measure used include: Ging = gingivitis or gingival bleeding; Pd = probing depth; Lpa = loss of periodontal attachment; XRBL = radiographic bone loss; JPS = juvenile periodontal score; MGI = modified gingival index; PI = Russell s periodontal index; PDR = periodontal disease rate(proportion of teeth affected by periodontal disease). The number following the measure corresponds to greater disease in those with diabetes(1) or no difference between those with diabetes and controls(0). The letters following the number correspond to the parameter(s) assessed in the study: e = extent; i =incidence; p = prevalence; s = severity; r = progression. Hierarchy of evidence based on classification scheme used by U.S. Preventive Services Task Force(ref) :B-2 = evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies, preferably from more than one center or research group; C = opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical experience; descriptive studies and case reports; or reports of expert committees. Ref: U. S. Preventive Services Task Force. Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; Figure 2. Example of a potential mechanism of infectious agent in atherosclerosis[25] 142 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

7 Table 2. Overview of nine prospective cohort studies of subjects with chronic periodontitis and coronary heart disease[28] Study % Risk change Control for smoking Control for health Size of risk (95% CI) dose awareness increase No. of CHD cases Mattila et al. +21(8 to 36) No No Small 0,052 Genco et al. +168(30 to 450) No No Small to moderate 0,068 Beck et al. +50(4 to 114) No No Small 0,207 Hujoel et al. -3(-28 to 31) Yes No No association 0,352 Morrison et al. +37(-20 to 135) Yes No Small 0,466 DeStefano et al. +25(6 to 48) No No Small 0,556 Joshipura et al. +4(-14 to 25) Yes Yes No association 0,757 Howell et al. +1(-14 to 15) Yes Yes No association 0,797 Hujoel et al. +13(-5 to 34)* Yes No Smal l,850 Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval; CHD, coronary heart disease *The results presented here differ by 1 percent from those in th published report(1.13 vs 1.14) because 14 subjects missed in the earlier analyses were included in th analyses performer for this article. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 143

8 Figure 1. The distribution of number of blood donor by year and month, season. Analysis of blood supply and blood donor in Korea, 2009 Figure 2. The distribution of number of individual and group blood donor by season 144 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

9 Figure 3. The annual number of blood donor by gender ( ). Figure 4. The distribution of blood supply levels by year and month, season. Figure 5. The distribution of daily blood inventory levels* by season. *Daily blood inventory levels: Daily stock piled Packed Red Cell products in Korean Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 145

10 Figure 1. The weekly proportion of influenza-like illness visits per 1,000 patients, season season Figure 2. The number of influenza virus isolates, season 2010 No. of No. of detected cases (detection rate, %) (week) tested cases ADV PIV RSV IFV H1N1pdm hcov hrv hbov hev Weekly total (5.4) 0 (0.0) 16 (6.2) 7 (2.7) 67 (25.8) 31 (11.9) 13 (5.0) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.8) 150 (57.7) (2.4) 1 (0.4) 13 (5.3) 8 (3.3) 65 (26.4) 24 (9.8) 12 (4.9) 2 (0.8) 2 (0.8) 132 (53.7) (6.1) 2 (1.1) 11 (6.1) 3 (2.8) 30 (16.7) 20 (11.1) 27 (15.0) 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) 106 (58.9) (6.5) 2 (1.3) 11 (6.8) 3 (1.9) 29 (18.7) 15 (9.7) 18 (11.6) 1 (0.6) 2 (1.3) 90 (58.1) Cum.* 2, (3.8) 11 (0.5) 145 (6.8) 52 (2.4) 642 (30.1) 187 (8.8) 141 (6.6) 8 (0.4) 13 (0.6) 1,279 (60.0) - ADV : adenovirus, PIV : parainfluenzavirus, RSV : respiratory syncytial viurs, IFV : influenza virus (except for pandemic influenza virus) - H1N1pdm: pandemic influenza virus, hcov : coronavirus, hrv : rhinovirus, hbov : human bocavirus, hev : enterovirus * Cum. 2010: the total No. of tested cases between Dec ~ Feb. 13, 2010 All Causes 321* P&I 20* * Mortality data in this table are voluntarily reported from 40 hospitals, which of total discharged patients in 8 th week, 2010 are 9,659. A causes of death are defined from death certificates. Fetal deaths are not included. Pneumonia and influenza (KCD code J09-J18). 146 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

11 Cholera Plague Typhoid fever Paratyphoid fever Shigellosis Laos(4), Laos Thailand(2) EHEC Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Measles Mumps ,505 4,542 4,557 2,089 1,863 Rubella Poliomyelitis Japanese encephalitis Varicella 247 2, ,194 22,849 20,284 11,027 1,934 Malaria ,342 1,052 2,227 2,051 1,369 Scarlet fever Meningococcal meningitis Legionellosis Vibrio vulnificus sepsis Epidemic typhus Murine typhus Scrub typhus ,996 6,057 6,022 6,480 6,780 Leptospirosis Brucellosis Anthrax Rabies HFRS Dengue fever Laos Thailand China(1) Leishmaniasis Babesiosis Cryptosporidiosis Botulism Q fever Tuberculosis 630 5, ,766 34,157 34,710 35,361 35,269 HIV/AIDS : No reported cases. N : Not notifiable. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. EHEC : Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. HFRS : Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are finalized. * Reported cases contain all case classifications(confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease respectively. Excluding Hansen's disease and diseases reported through the Laboratory Surveillance System and Sentinel Surveillance System(Data for Sentinel Surveillance System are available in Table III) and no case reported since 2003(Yellow fever, Marburg fever, Ebola fever, Lassa fever, African Trypanosomiasis, Schistosomiasis, Yaws, Pinta, Smallpox, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Avian influenza infection and humans, Tularemia, and Newly everging infectious disease syndrome) Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a total of 5 preceding years.(in case of Varicella, used data for 4 years-2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) HIV/AIDS is infected cases but not disease cases. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 147

12 -: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 148

13 --: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. (In case of Varicella, used data for 4 years , 2007, 2008 and 2009, because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 149

14 -: No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009, 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative cou nts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 150

15 : No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2008 and 2009 are provisional. Reported cases contains all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 151

제5호-9차

제5호-9차 www.cdc.go.kr/phwr Oral health among Korean adolescents: The results of Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, 2005-2008 69 73 75 76 78 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 69 Figure 1. Tooth brushing