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1 The main changes of revised Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 control and prevention guideline in Korea Figure 1. Change of antiviral prescription and strategy of Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 The Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs became higher the National Disaster Phase from 'Concern(Blu)' to 'Severe(Red)', but the phase was downgraded to 'Alert(Orange)' starting on December 11. As the strategy of Influenza A(H1N1) change, Korea CDC has been making the revised editions of Influenza A(H1N1) Control and Prevention guideline up to sixth edition. After antiviral prescriptions peaked during Week 44-46(Oct.26~Nov. 15), the number has been declining to date Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 101

2 102 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

3 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 103

4 104 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

5 Parallel computing on genome analysis Job Result Master Device Device Device Device Figure 1. Architecture of parallel computing using cluster system Input Input Input Action Action Action Action Result Result Result Figure 2. Parallel computing on multiple processors Action Synchronisation Action Action (1) Single CPU (2) Multi-CPU (3) Synchronisation (with Multi-CPU) Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 105

6 Table 1. SNP-based association studies using Machine Learning methods Machine Learning Methods Approach Classification algorithm - Support vector machine - Artificial neural network Probabilistic graph model - Bayesian network - Dynamic Bayesian network References Neural networks and disease association studies, American Journal of Medical Genetics, [1] Support Vector Machine Hybrid for Prediction of Clinical Phenotypes Based on Genome-Wide SNP Profiles of Sib Pairs, LNCS, [2] Computational disease gene identification : a concert of methods prioritize type 2 diabetes and obesity candidate genes, NAR, [3] Bayesian association of haplotypes and non-genetic factors to regulatory and phenotypic variation in human populations, Bioinformatics, [4] 106 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

7 Table 2. Parallel version of Bioinformatics applications Serial Parallel Available source References Sequence similarity BLAST(Basic Local mpiblast H. Lin, IEEEACM SC08, search Alignment Search Tool) 2008 [5] Multiple sequence ClustalW ClustalW-MPI www-unix.mcs. Kuo-Bin Li, Bioinformatics, alignment anl.gov/mpi/ 2003 [6] Analysis of gene-gene MDR(Multifactor Parallel MDR chgr.mc.vanderbilt. William S. Bush, and gene-environment dimensionality edu/ritchielab/pmdr Bioinformatics, 2006 [7] interactions reduction) Biostatistics analysis - Bayesian networks IBM Parallel www124.software. IBM 2006 [8] - Matlab Machine Learning ibm.com/webapp/ Toolbox iwm/web Figure 3. MPI(Message Passing Interface) * Source: KISTI Supercomputing Center( Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 107

8 School closure and mitigation of pandemic (H1N1) 2009, Hong Kong 108 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

9 (A) (B) (C) (D) Figure 1. Epidemiologic characteristics of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in Hong Kong special administrative region, people s Republic of China, during May through August A) Time series of laboratorycofirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 casse classified as imported or nonimported (by age group) by date of illness onset. B) Estimates of the proportion of cases with illness onset on each day that would subsequently be identified and laboratory confirmed (reporting rates). C) Time series of nonimported pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases by date of illness onset and the estimates of the underlying true epidemic curve (dotted line) and the fitted observed epidemic curve allowing for changes in reporting rates (solid line). D) Distribution of ages of laboratory-confirmed pandemic (H1N1) 2009 cases over time plotted as 3-day rolling averages. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 109

10 Figure 1. The weekly proportion of influenza-like illness visits per 1,000 patients, season season Figure 2. The number of influenza virus isolates, season 2010 No. of No. of detected cases (detection rate, %) (week) tested cases ADV PIV RSV IFV H1N1pdm hcov hrv hbov hev Weekly total (4.7) 5(1.8) 21(7.6) 6(2.2) 80(29.0) 33(11.9) 11(4.0) 1(0.4) 1(0.4) 171(61.7) (3.9) 0(0.0) 30(9.8) 7(2.3) 89(29.2) 30(9.8) 13(4.3) 2(0.7) 2(0.7) 185(60.7) (5.0) 0(0.0) 16(6.2) 5(1.9) 66(25.5) 31(12.0) 12(4.6) 0(0.0) 2(0.8) 145(56.0) (2.5) 0(0.0) 8(4.0) 6(3.0) 46(23.0) 15(7.5) 8(4.0) 1(0.5) 1(0.5) 90(45.0) Cum. 2010* 1,753 57(3.3) 7(0.4) 118(6.7) 33(2.4) 559(31.9) 144(8.2) 91(5.2) 5(0.3) 9(0.5) 1,033(58.9) - ADV : adenovirus, PIV : parainfluenzavirus, RSV : respiratory syncytial viurs, IFV : influenza virus (except for pandemic influenza virus) - H1N1pdm: pandemic influenza virus, hcov : coronavirus, hrv : rhinovirus, hbov : human bocavirus, hev : enterovirus * Cum. 2010: the total No. of tested cases between Dec Feb. 6, 2010 All Causes 331* P&I 25* * Mortality data in this table are voluntarily reported from 40 hospitals, which of total discharged patients in 6 th week, 2010 are 14,363. A causes of death are defined from death certificates. Fetal deaths are not included. Pneumonia and influenza (KCD code J09-J18). 110 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC

11 Cholera Plague - Typhoid fever India(1), Indonesia(1) Paratyphoid fever Shigellosis EHEC Diphtheria - Pertussis Tetanus Measles Mumps ,524 4,542 4,557 2,089 1,863 Rubella Poliomyelitis - Japanese encephalitis Varicella 224 1, ,200 22,849 20,284 11,027 1,934 Malaria ,342 1,052 2,227 2,051 1,369 Nigeria(1) Scarlet fever Meningococcal meningitis Legionellosis Vibrio vulnificus sepsis Epidemic typhus - Murine typhus Scrub typhus ,987 6,057 6,022 6,480 6,780 Leptospirosis Brucellosis Anthrax - Rabies - HFRS Dengue fever Thailand(1), Philippines(1) Leishmaniasis - Babesiosis 1 Cryptosporidiosis 1 Botulism Q fever Tuberculosis 703 4, ,766 34,157 34,710 35,361 35,269 HIV/AIDS : No reported cases. N : Not notifiable. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. EHEC : Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. HFRS : Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 are finalized. * Reported cases contain all case classifications(confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease respectively. Excluding Hansen's disease and diseases reported through the Laboratory Surveillance System and Sentinel Surveillance System(Data for Sentinel Surveillance System are available in Table III) and no case reported since 2003(Yellow fever, Marburg fever, Ebola fever, Lassa fever, African Trypanosomiasis, Schistosomiasis, Yaws, Pinta, Smallpox, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Avian influenza infection and humans, Tularemia, and Newly everging infectious disease syndrome) Calculated by summing the incidence counts for the current week, the 2 weeks preceding the current week, and the 2 weeks following the current week, for a total of 5 preceding years.(in case of Varicella, used data for 4 years-2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009 because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) HIV/AIDS is infected cases but not disease cases. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 111

12 Total Seoul Busan Daegu Incheon Gwangju Daejeon Ulsan Gyeonggi Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam Gyeongbuk Gyeongnam Jeju : No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 112

13 Total ,603 2, Seoul Busan Daegu Incheon Gwangju Daejeon Ulsan Gyeonggi Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam Gyeongbuk Gyeongnam Jeju : No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. (In case of Varicella, used data for 4 years , 2007, 2008 and 2009, because of being designated as of July 13, 2005) Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 113

14 Total ,233 3,761 Seoul ,126 1,029 Busan Daegu Incheon Gwangju Daejeon Ulsan Gyeonggi Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam Gyeongbuk Gyeongnam Jeju : No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2009 and 2010 are provisional, whereas data for 2005, 2006, 2007, and 2008 are finalized. Reported cases contain all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 114

15 : No reported cases. Cum: Cumulative counts of the year from 1st week to current week. * Incidence data for reporting years 2008 and 2009 are provisional. Reported cases contains all case classifications (Confirmed, Suspected, Asymptomatic carrier) of the disease, respectively. Calculated by averaging the cumulative counts from 1st week to current week, for a total of 5 preceding years. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 115

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@12호-end2 PUBLIC HEALTH WEEKLY REPORT, KCDC www.cdc.go.kr/phwr Revised national tuberculosis control programme in Korea Figure 1. Trend of new tuberculosis case notification rate 1) Case notification rate= Total