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1 약물역학위해관리학회지 2018;10:60-67 ORIGINAL ARTICLE 림프종환자의 Rituximab 주입관련반응현황과관련인자분석 연세대학교의료원세브란스병원약무국 주민형ㆍ김혜진ㆍ이윤선ㆍ김재송ㆍ김수현ㆍ손은선 Risk Factors of Infusion Related Reaction to Rituximab in Patients with Lymphoma Min Hyeong Joo, BPharm, Hye Jin Kim, BPharm, Yoon Sun Ree, MS, Jae Song Kim, MS, Soo Hyun Kim, BPharm and Eun Sun Son, MS Department of Pharmacy, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea Objective: Infusion related reaction (IRR) occurs frequently during rituximab infusion despite premedication and control of the rituximab infusion rate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate risk factors for prevention of IRR. Methods: Patients with lymphoma received intravenous rituximab from May 2016 to April 2017 at Severance Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. First, the association between incidence rate of IRR and clinical factors of the patients was assessed by the univariable analysis. Then, logistic regression was used for the factors showing p<0.1 as a result of univariable analysis. Results: A total of 138 patients were analyzed, and 61 patients (44.2%) experienced IRR. Almost all of IRR reported at first cycle (60 patients, 92.3%). The symptoms of IRR were mostly pruritus, rash / urticaria, fever and chills. Severe IRRs with Grade 3 or more were hypotension (4 patients), dyspnea (4 patients), anaphylaxis (3 patients) and hypoxia (2 patients). The significant risk factors were age (p=0.010), splenomegaly (p=0.029) and lymphocyte (p=0.028) in the univariable analysis. But in multivariable analysis, only age was significant (Odds Ratio 0.417, 95% confidence interval , p=0.018). Conclusion: First cycle of rituximab injection and age were highly related with IRR. Patients with these risk factors need closed monitoring during rituximab administration. (JPERM 2018;10:60-67) Key Words: Rituximab; Adverse drug reaction; Risk factors; Lymphoma 서론 Rituximab은키메라단일클론항체로 B 림프구표면에존재하는 CD20 항원에특이적으로결합하여면역반응을통해용해를유도한다. 1,2) 국내에서는여포형림프종 (follicular lymphoma) 과 CD20 양성미만형대형 B세포비호지킨림프종 (diffuse large B cell lymphoma, DLBCL), 만성림프구성백혈 병 (chronic lymphoid leukemia) 뿐만아니라, 류마티스관절염 (rheumatoid arthritis), 베게너육아종증 (Wegener s granulomatosis) 및현미경적다발혈관염 (microscopic polyangiitis) 등의자가면역질환에도식품의약품안전처 ( 이하식약처 ) 의허가를받아이약제를사용하고있다. 3,4) Rituximab은약물이상반응이비교적적은표적항암제이지만주입관련반응 (infusion-related reaction, IRR) 이가장우려 접수 : 2018 년 6 월 8 일, 승인 : 2018 년 7 월 23 일연락처 : 손은선, 03722, 서울시종로구연세로 50-1 연세대학교의료원세브란스병원약무국 Tel: (02) , Fax: (02) sespharm@yuhs.ac Correspondence to: Eun Sun Son, MS Department of Pharmacy, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodeamun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea Tel: , Fax: sespharm@yuhs.ac

2 주민형외. 림프종환자의 Rituximab 주입관련반응현황과관련인자분석 61 되는약제중하나이다. IRR은단일클론항체의주된부작용이긴하나, cetuximab은 15-20%, trastuzumab은 10-19% 에서 IRR이발생하는반면, rituximab 은 % 로 IRR발생률이매우높은편이기때문이다. 5-8) IRR은보통투여초기 30분에서 120분후에나타나는데, 가벼운홍조, 소양감처럼보통그증상이심하지않으나, 간혹아나필락시스나사망등심각한증상으로나타날수있다. 9) 대부분추가적인항히스타민제등의약제투여또는 rituximab 의주입속도감소및일시중단으로대처가능하지만, 영구중단해야하는경우도보고되고있다. 3,10) IRR 발생빈도를줄이기위해예방적으로해열제, 항히스타민제, 스테로이드와같은전처치를시행하거나주입속도를낮은속도에서점차적으로증가시키면서투여한다. 그러나면역억제제와스테로이드를장기간사용하는장기이식환자나자가면역질환환자에게 IRR의발생률은약 % 인데반해서림프종환자에서는 % 로자주발생하고중증도또한높다. 1,3,10,11) 따라서, rituximab 으로인한 IRR 빈도가높은림프종환자에서 IRR의양상을파악하고위험인자들을예측하는것은약물의안전한사용측면에서매우중요하다. 이에본연구에서는한상급종합병원에서 rituximab 을투여받은림프종환자를대상으로 IRR의양상및위험인자를분석하여 rituximab 의안전한투여에기여하고자한다. 대상및방법 1. 연구대상본연구는 2016년 5월부터 2017년 4월까지한상급종합병원에서 rituximab 을정맥투여받은비호지킨림프종 (non-hodgkin s lymphoma, NHL) 환자 138명을대상으로하였다. 이전에 rituximab을투여받은경험이있는환자는연구대상에서제외하였다. 2. Rituximab 의투여방법 IRR 예방을위해 rituximab 투여 30-60분전에전처치로 pheniramine 주사 2 mg, dexamethasone 주사 5 mg, acetaminophen 650 mg을투여하였다. Rituximab 은매화학요법투여주기의제 1일에 375 mg/m 2 를 normal saline 1 L에희석하여정맥투여했고최대 9주기까지투여했다. 투여속도를 80 ml/h로시작하여 30분간이상반응이없을경우, 30분마다 80 ml/h씩증가시켜최대 640 ml/h로투여하였다. 첫투여중에는환자의맥박, 호흡수, 산소포화도, 체온등을면밀하게모니터링하였다. 다만, 첫번째에문제없이 rituximab을투여받은경우, 두번째주기부터는투여중모니터링없이 3시간동안동일속도로투여하였다. 3. IRR의정의본연구에서는 rituximab 투여로인해발생한소양감, 발진 / 두드러기, 발열, 오한, 저혈압, 호흡곤란, 복통, 얼굴부종, 저산소증, 홍조등의이상증상으로서다른약제나기저질환의원인으로설명되지않는경우를 IRR로정의하였다. 3,11) 4. 자료수집대상환자에관하여전자의무기록 (Electronic Medical Record, EMR) 을후향적으로검토하였다. 기본적인특성으로연령, 성별, body mass index (BMI), 알레르기병력, 림프종유형 (indolent NHL/aggressive NHL), 진단명, Ann Arbor Stage, 12) bulky disease, B symptom, 13) 골수침범, 비장비대여부를조사하였으며, 혈액검사중헤모글로빈, 백혈구, 혈소판, 호중구, 림프구, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 정보를수집하였다. Indolent NHL과 aggressive NHL은 REAL classification 기준으로분류하였고, 14) 종양크기가 7.5 cm 이상인경우 bulky disease로, 15) 비장의크기가 10 cm 이상인경우를비장비대로정의하였다. 16) 연령과혈액검사결과는첫 rituximab 투여일을기준으로하였다. 또한, IRR 발생시 rituximab 투여주기및주입속도, IRR Table 1. Grading of infusion related reaction by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 Grade Definition Grade 1 Mild transient reaction: infusion interruption not indicated; intervention not indicated. Grade 2 Therapy or infusion interruption indicated but responds promptly to symptomatic treatment (e.g., antihistamine, NSAIDs, narcotics, IV fluids); prophylactic medications indication for 24 hrs. Grade 3 Prolonged (e.g., not rapidly responsive to symptomatic medication and/or brief interruption of infusion); recurrence of symptoms following initial improvement; hospitalization indicated for clinical sequelae. Grade 4 Life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated. Grade 5 Death. NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; IV, intravenous.

3 62 약물역학위해관리학회지제 10 권제 2 호, 2018 증상과중증도, 시행된조치를조사하였다. IRR의중증도는 common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) v4.03에따라분류하였다 ( 표 1). 조치는주입속도변화, 투여일시정지, 투여영구중단및추가적인약물사용으로분류하였다. 5. 통계분석방법 IRR의위험요인분석을위해대상환자를 IRR이발생한군 (IRR군) 과 IRR이발생하지않은군 (non-irr군) 으로나누어분석하였다. 수집된정보중연속형변수는범주화하여, 모든인자에대해 Chi-squared test 또는 Fisher s exact test을시행하였고, 이중 p<0.1을보인인자들에대해서는 logistic regression을추가로시행하였다. 모든분석에서유의수준은 0.05로하였으며, 자료분석과통계에는 Microsoft Office Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) 과 SPSS R 23.0 version (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA) 을사용하였다. 본연구는연세대학교세브란스병원기관윤리심의위원회 (Institutional Review Board, IRB) 에서연구계획을승인받았다 (IRB number: ). Table 2. Characteristics of the study subjects (N=138) Characteristics All patients, n (%) Age, years, Mean±SD 60±15 Sex Male 74 (53.6) Female 64 (46.4) Ann Arbor Stage I II III IV Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue Mantle cell lymphoma Follicular lymphoma Other diagnosis SD, standard deviation. 결 1. 연구대상자의특성 2016년 5월부터 2017년 4월까지 148명이 NHL 치료를위해 rituxiamb을투여받았으나, 이중 rituximab 투여경험이있었던 10명을제외하여, 총 138명을대상으로연구를진행 과 24 (17.4) 30 (21.7) 24 (17.4) 60 (43.5) 110 (79.7) 3 (2.2) 3 (2.2) 19 (13.8) 3 (2.2) 하였다. 대상환자는총 648주기의 rituximab을투여받아, 환자 1명당평균 4.72±1.97주기가시행되었다. 평균연령은 60±15세이었고, 남성이 74명 (53.6%) 으로여성 64명 (46.4%) 보다많았다. 진단명으로나누었을때 DLBCL이 110명 (79.7%) 으로가장많았고 follicular lymphoma 19명 (13.8%) 이그다음을차지했다. 병기는 stage Ⅳ가 60명 (43.5%) 으로가장많았다 ( 표 2). 2. IRR 빈도및양상 IRR을보인환자는 138명중 61명 (44.2%) 이었으며, rituximab 648주기중 65주기 (10.0%) 에서발생하였다. 이중 IRR이첫번째주기때발생한경우가 60건 (92.3%) 으로유의하게많았다 (p<0.001). 두번째주기에는 IRR이 4건 (6.2%) 발생하였는데, 두번째주기에서 IRR이새롭게발생한환자는 1명 (1.6%) 이었고, 나머지 3명 (4.6%) 은첫번째주기에서도 IRR 발생이력이있었다. 세번째주기에는 1건 (1.5%) 발생하였으나, 네번째이상에서는한건도발생하지않았다 ( 그림 1). Rituximab은 30분간격으로 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480, 560, 640 ml/h로속도를점차증가시키며투여되었는데, 대부분의 IRR은투여속도가낮을때발생하였다. 총 65건중 IRR 발생시 rituximab 투여속도를알수없었던 4건을제외한 61건에대해분석해본결과 80 ml/h는 IRR 13건 (20.0%), 160 ml/h는 19건 (29.2%), 240 ml/h는 21건 (32.3%) 이나타났고, 320 ml/h 이상에서발생한경우는 8건 (12.3%) 뿐이었다 ( 그림 2). 발생한 IRR을각증상으로나누어보았을때, 총 117건중소양감이 33건 (28.2%) 으로가장많았고, 이외발진 / 두드러기 20건 (17.1%), 발열 16건 (13.7%), 오한 14건 (12.0%), 저혈압 10건 (8.5%) 등의순으로나타났다 ( 그림 3). 중증도측면에서보았을때, 59 건 (90.8%) 이 1-2 등급으로 Figure 1. Frequency of infusion related reactions according to the sequence of infusion based on the number of cycle. IRR, infusion related reaction.

4 주민형외. 림프종환자의 Rituximab 주입관련반응현황과관련인자분석 63 증상이심하지않아주입을잠시중단하거나간단한약제투여로증상이호전되었다. 3등급은 1건 (1.5%) 발생했고처치를한이후에도 IRR이반복적으로나타났다. 4등급은 5명에서 5건 (6.15%) 이발생하였는데, 이중 4명이호흡곤란등을동반한아나필락시스양상이었다. 1명은 rituximab을중단하고회복되어이후 rituximab 을제외한항암화학요법을시행받았으나, 나머지 3명은회복되지못한채각각 3일, 15 일, 17일후에사망하였다. 또한나머지 4등급환자 1명도종양용해증후군이발생하여 16일후사망하였다 ( 그림 4). IRR 발생시시행한조치를종류별로나누었을때, rituximab를투여중단하지않고추가적인약물만을사용한경우가 29건 (44.6%) 으로가장많았다. 그다음으로는 rituximab 투여를일시중단하고추가적인약물을사용한경우 15건 (23.1%) 순으로나타났다. Rituximab 을영구중단한경우는 5 건 (7.7%) 이었다 ( 표 3). 3. 위험인자분석위험인자파악을위해 IRR군 61명과 non-irr군 77명을비교하였을때, 연령, 비장비대, 림프구항목에서유의한차이를보였다. 연령을고령자인만 65세이상과만 65세미만으로나누어분석한결과, 만 65세이상은 IRR군 17명 (27.9%), non-irr군 38명 (49.4%) 으로 non-irr군에서유의하게많았다 (p=0.01). 비장비대가있는환자는 IRR군 17명 (27.9%), non-irr군 10명 (13.0%) 으로 IRR군에더많았으며 (p=0.029), 첫항암화학요법전림프구가정상상한치인 3,500/μL 이상으로높은환자도 IRR군 7명 (11.5%), non-irr 군 4명 (5.2%) 으로 IRR군에서더많았다 (p=0.028). 그외 BMI 가 25 미만이거나 (p=0.306), B symptom (p=0.176), 골수침범 (p=0.170) 이있는경우에도 IRR 발생률이높은경향을보였으나유의한차이는없었다 ( 표 4). Figure 2. Infusion rate when infusion related reaction occurred. IRR: infusion related reaction. Figure 3. Grade of infusion related reaction observed after rituximab infusion. IRR: infusion related reaction. Figure 4. Types of infusion related reaction observed after rituximab infusion. IRR, infusion related reaction.

5 64 약물역학위해관리학회지제 10 권제 2 호, 2018 Table 3. Intervention of infusion related reaction (N=65) IRR case, n (%) No intervention 3 (4.6) 1 intervention Only Medical treatments (e.g., corticosteroid, anti-histamine) 29 (44.6) Adjust infusion rate 3 (4.6) Interrupt infusion 2 (3.1) 2 interventions Medical treatments, interrupt infusion 15 (23.1) Medical treatments, adjust infusion rate 3 (4.6) Adjust infusion rate, interrupt infusion 1 (1.5) Medical treatments, permanently discontinue infusion 1 (1.5) 3 interventions Medical treatments, interrupt infusion, permanently discontinue infusion 3 (4.6) Medical treatments, adjust infusion rate, interrupt infusion 2 (3.1) Medical treatments, adjust infusion rate, permanently discontinue infusion 1 (1.5) Unknown 2 (3.1) IRR, infusion related reaction. 위험인자항목에관해단변수분석결과 p<0.1를보였던항목은연령, 비장비대, 림프구뿐이었으며, 이에대하여 logistic regression을통해다변수분석을시행한결과, 연령에서만유의한결과를보였는데 (p=0.018), 65세이상은 65세미만에비해 IRR 발생위험이낮았다 ( 표 5). 고찰본연구는단일기관에서 rituximab 을정맥내로투여받은림프종환자를대상으로 IRR의발생빈도, 양상및위험인자를분석하였다. 단일클론항체로인한 IRR의기전은명확하지않으나항원-항체반응을통한 cytokine 분비와연관되어있을것으로추정되며, rituximab은키메라항체로서단일클론항체중에서도 IRR 발생빈도가비교적높은편이다. 8,17) 본연구에서는 61명 (44.2%) 의환자에서 IRR이발생하였다. 초기 rituximab 에대한연구에서는 IRR이 77% 까지도보고되었으나, 3,18) 이를낮추기위한전처치요법이나투여속도조절에대한여러연구들이이어지면서, 최근연구들에서는 % 로보고되었다. 1,3,12) 본연구기관에서는항상전처치로해열제와항히스타민제뿐아니라스테로이드도투여하기때문에초기연구에서보고된 IRR 빈도보다낮게나타난것으로사료된다. 식약처허가사항에서는 rituximab 주입전에해열제와항히스타민제를투여하도록권장하고있으나, 4) Jung 등의연구에서는스테로이드를추가로전처치하였을때 IRR 발생이유의하게감소되었음을보여주었다. 11) 이번연구를통해투여주기측면에서 IRR을살펴보았을 때, 60건 (92.3%) 이첫번째주기에서나타났고, 두번째주기에서처음발생한경우는 1건밖에없었다. 따라서다른연구와동일하게첫번째주기에서 IRR발생에대해가장많은주의가필요함을확인할수있었다. 또한 IRR 발생을주입속도측면에서살펴보았을때, 비교적낮은주입속도인 ml/h에서 53건 (81.5%) 의 IRR이발생하였으므로, 단계적으로주입속도를증가시키더라도투여시작후 1시간반이내에가장면밀한모니터링이필요하겠다. 본연구기관에서는 2016년부터첫번째주기에 IRR이없었던경우두번째주기부터는모니터링없이동일한속도로 3시간에걸쳐투여하는방법을도입하였고, 심각한이상반응은보고되지않았다. 몇몇기관에서는두번째주기이상에서 60-90분으로투여했을때에도무리가없었다고보고한바있어, 1) IRR 이상반응이없는경우 rituximab 의주입시간을더단축하는것도가능하다고사료된다. IRR의양상으로소양감이가장많이나타났고그다음으로발진 / 두드러기, 발열, 오한순으로많았으며, 중증도는 1-2 등급이 90.8% 로나타나다른연구와유사한결과를보였다. 3,10,19,20) IRR 발생시시행된조치로항히스타민제나스테로이드등의처치가가장많았다. 5명의환자에서는 rituximab 을영구중단하였는데, 모두 4등급의 IRR이나타난환자였고이중 4명이사망하였으나모두아나필락시스, 종양용해증후군등이동반된경우였다. 아나필락시스의위험인자는알려져있지않으나, 림프종에서의종양용해증후군위험인자는 3, 4기의버킷림프종 (burkitt lymphoma), 3, 4기의림프모구성림프종등으로비교적잘알려져있으므로종양용해증후군의발생위험성이높은환자일경우 rituxi-

6 주민형외. 림프종환자의 Rituximab 주입관련반응현황과관련인자분석 65 Table 4. Univariable analysis comparison between infusion related reaction group and non-infusion related reaction group IRR group, n (%) (N=61) Non-IRR group, n (%) (N=77) p-value Age <65 44 (72.1) 39 (50.6) (27.9) 38 (49.4) Sex Male 30 (49.2) 44 (57.1) Female 31 (50.8) 33 (42.9) BMI <25 42 (68.9) 59 (58.4) (31.1) 18 (48.6) History of allergy 6 (9.8) 7 (9.1) Type of NHL Indolent lymphomas 14 (23.0) 13 (16.9) Aggressive lymphomas 47 (77.0) 64 (83.1) Diagnosis DLBCL 46 (75.4) 69 (80.5) Burkitt lymphoma 1 (1.6) 0 (0) Mantle cell lymphoma 2 (3.3) 1 (1.3) Follicular lymphoma 11 (18.0) 8 (10.4) Other diagnosis 1 (1.6) 6 (7.8) Ann Arbor Stage I & II 23 (37.7) 31 (40.3) III & IV 38 (62.3) 46 (59.7) Bulky disease ( 7.5 cm) 4 (6.6) 9 (11.7) B symptom 17 (27.9) 14 (18.2) Bone marrow infiltration 18 (29.5) 15 (19.5) Splenomegaly ( 10 cm) 17 (27.9) 10 (13.0) Hb (g/dl) <12 35 (57.4) 49 (63.6) (42.6) 27 (35.1) 16< 0 (0) 1 (1.3) WBC (/μl) <4,000 6 (9.8) 10 (13.0) 4,000-11, (72.1) 54 (70.1) >11, (18.0) 13 (16.9) ANC (/μl) <1,800 3 (4.9) 4 (5.2) 1,800-7, (85.2) 60 (77.9) >7,500 6 (9.8) 13 (16.9) Lymphocyte (/μl) <1,000 8 (13.1) 24 (31.2) 1,000-3, (75.4) 49 (63.6) >3,500 7 (11.5) 4 (5.2) Platelet (/μl) < (26.2) 12 (15.6) ( ) (68.9) 60 (77.9) > (4.9) 5 (6.5) LDH (IU/L) <110 0 (0) 0 (0) (37.7) 28 (36.4) > (62.3) 49 (63.6) IRR, infusion related reaction; BMI, body mass index; NHL, non-hodgkin s lymphoma; DLBCL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma; Hb, hemoglobin; WBC, white blood cell; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; LDH, lactated dehydrogenase.

7 66 약물역학위해관리학회지제 10 권제 2 호, 2018 Table 5. Multivariable analysis for occurrence of infusion related reaction for stepwise selection Estimate SE 95% confidence interval Odds p-value Age (<65/ 65) Splenomegaly Lymphocyte (/μl) <1,000 [Reference] 1,000-3, >3, SE, standard error. mab 투여시더욱주의가필요하다고사료된다. 3,21) 본연구에서는 IRR의위험인자에대해분석하였는데, 단변수분석결과연령, 비장비대, 림프구가유의한위험인자로도출되었으나, 다변수분석에서는연령만이유의한것으로나타났다. Jung 등의연구에서는연령을연속형변수로분석을시행하였고연령이낮을수록 IRR 발생률이높아본연구와비슷한결과를보여주었다. 이와는반대로연령이유의하지않은결과를보인연구도많이보고되었다. 1,11,19) 비장비대측면에서 D'Arena 등의연구도통계적으로유의한결과를보였으나명확한근거는없다고보고하였고, 대부분의다른연구들에서는유의한결과가나타나지않았다. 10) 또한본연구와마찬가지로 Lee 등, Jung 등의연구결과에서림프구수치가높은경우 IRR 발생이유의하게높게나타났으므로, 높은림프구수치도 IRR 위험인자로서고려가필요하다. 3,11) 이번연구에서는골수침범, 병기, indolent lymphoma 여부, 알레르기병력등은 IRR과의연관성이뚜렷하지않았다. 골수침범은 Hong 등의연구에서는유의한위험인자라고보고되었으나 1) Hayama 등의연구에서는본연구와마찬가지로유의하지않아경향성만을보여주었다. 20) Hong 등의연구는 DLBCL이전체환자의 88.8% 를차지했으나, Hayama 등의연구는 74%, 본연구에서도 75% 로 Hong 등의연구보다 DLBCL 환자비율이낮았으며대신에 indolent lymphoma 등이더많이포함되었기때문에나타난차이일수있다. 또한, 본연구에서는병기가높을수록 IRR 발생률이증가하는경향을보였는데 (p=0.760) 이는 Hayama 등의연구와유사하게 stage Ⅳ 환자의비율 (43.5%) 이더높았기때문이라고사료된다. 1) 그러나병기가낮을때 IRR이높은빈도로발생함을보고한연구도있었기때문에, 3) 병기와 IRR은뚜렷한연관성이있다고말하기어렵다. 본연구에서는알레르기병력이유의한위험인자는아니었으나, D'Arena 등의연구에서는알레르기병력이유의한인자라는결과도발표한바있다. 10) 2017년부터국내에서도 rituximab 피하주사제형이사용되고있다. Rituximab 정맥주사제형을 1번투여받고이상반응이없을경우, 이후주기부터피하주사제형을사용할수있 다. 4) 피하주사제형은정맥주사제형보다투여방법이간편하고투여시간도 5분내외로짧으며, IRR이적게발생한다는장점이있다. 22) 그러나, 첫투여는여전히정맥주사로주입해야하므로첫투여시의 IRR 발생은여전히해결되지않은문제이다. 따라서 rituximab 첫투여전 IRR의위험인자를검토하고투여시에는면밀한모니터링을해야하겠다. 본연구의한계점은후향적연구로통계적으로유의한위험인자를확인하기에는연구대상자의수가적었다는점이다. 그러나, IRR 양상을투여주기및투여속도에따라자세히분석하였고, 2주기이상에서주입속도를빠르게한경우의 IRR에대해추가분석을시행하여약물의주입속도에관한기초자료를제공했다는데의의가있다. 그러나추후안전한 rituximab 사용에대한지속적인모니터링과추가연구를통해좀더확실한결과도출이필요하다. REFERENCES 1. Hayama T, Miura K, Uchiike A, Nakagawa M, Tsutsumi D, Sakagami M, Yoshida Y, Takei M. A clinical prediction model for infusion-related reactions to rituximab in patients with B cell lymphomas. Int J Clin Pharm 2017;39: Han YH, Park AR, Kim SJ, Lee BK, La HO. Effecs of the improved method in patient education on rituximab chemotherapy by pharmacist. JKSHP 2014;31:724-34(Korean). 3. Lee EJ, Kim YJ, Rhie JY. Rituximab infusion-related adverse events and risk factors. Kor J Clin Pharm 2013;23: (Korean). 4. 맙테라허가사항. 식품의약품안전처. 5. Jang HS, Kang MK, Heo YS, Kim HS, Gwak HS, Song YC. Frequency and related factors analysis of cetuximab infusion reactions. JKSHP 2013;30:12-9(Korean). 6. Chung CH. Managing premedications and the risk for reactions to infusional monoclonal antibody therapy. Oncologist 2008:13: Lenz HJ. Management and Preparedness for Infusion and Hypersensitivity Reactions. Oncologist 2007;12:601-9.

8 주민형외. 림프종환자의 Rituximab 주입관련반응현황과관련인자분석 Thompson LM, Eckmann K, Boster BL, Hess KR, Michaud LB, Esteva FJ, Hortobágyi GN, Barnett CM. Incidence, risk factors, and management of infusion-relaed reactions in breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab. Oncologist 2014;19: Dillman RO, Hendrix CS. Unique aspects of supportive care using monoclonal antibodies in cancer treatment. Support Cancer Ther 2003;1: D'Arena G, Simeon V, Laurenti L, Cimminiello M, Innocenti I, Gilio M, Padula A, Vigliotti ML, De Lorenzo S, Loseto G, Passarelli A, Di Minno MND, Tucci M, De Feo V, D'Auria F, Silvestris F, Di Minno G, Musto P. Adverse drug reactions after intravenous rituximab infusion are more common in hematologic malignancies than in autoimmune disorders and can be predicted by the combination of few clinical and laboratory parameters: results from a retrospective, multicenter study of 374 patients. Leuk Lymphoma 2017;58: Jung JW, Kang HR, Lee SH, Cho SH. The incidence and risk factors of infusion-related reactions to rituximab for treating B cell malignancies in a single tertiary hospital. Oncology 2014;86:127-34(Korean). 12. James O. Armitage M. Staging non-hodgkin lymphoma. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;98: Kurzrock R, Redman J, Cabanillas F, Donnah J, Jones D, Rothberg J, Talpaz M. Serum interleukin 6 levels are elevated in lymphoma patients and correlate with survival in advanced Hodgkin's disease and with B symptoms. Cancer Research 1993: Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J. Lymphoma classification-from controversy to consensus: the R.E.A.L. and WHO Classification of lymphoid neoplasms. Annals of Oncology 2000;11:S3-S Grigg A, Dyer MJ, Diaz MG, Dreyling M, Rule S, Lei G, Knapp A, Wassner-Fritsch E, Marlton P. Safety and efficacy of obinutuzumab with CHOP or bendamustine in previously untreated follicular lymphoma. Haematologica 2017;102: Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Marchetti M, Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Antonioli E, Massa M, Rosti V, Campanelli R, Villani L, Viarengo G, Gattoni E, Gerli G, Specchia G, Tinelli C, Rambaldi A, Barbui T, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'adulto Italian Registry of M. JAK2 V617F mutational status predicts progression to large splenomegaly and leukemic transformation in primary myelofibrosis. Blood 2007;110: Dillman RO. Infusion reactions associated with the therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of malignancy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 1999;18: Levin AS, Otani IM, Lax T, Hochberg E, Banerji A. reactions to rituximab in an outpatient infusion center: a 5-year review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2017;5: e Lang DS, Keefe DM, Schultz T, Pearson A. Predictors of acute adverse events from rapid rituximab infusion. Support Care Cancer 2013;21: Hong J, Kim JY, Ahn HK, Lee SM, Sym SJ, Park J, Cho EK, Ahn JY, Park S, Lee SP, Shin DB, Lee JH. Bone marrow involvement is predictive of infusion-related reaction during rituximab administration in patients with B cell lymphoma. Support Care Cancer 2013;21: (Korean). 21. Cairo MS, Coiffier B, Reiter A. Recommendations for the evaluation of risk and prophylaxis of tumour lysis syndrome(tls) in adults and children with malignant diseases: an expert TLS panel consensus. Br J Haematol 2010; 149: Shpilberg O, Jackisch C. Subcutaneous administration of rituximab (MabThera) and trastuzumab (Herceptin) using hyaluronidase. Br J Cancer 2013;109:

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