ƒ s l w y. s l 2 e w s w ƒƒ e w w s g w. ƒƒ eƒ» w. z w w ww. Ortega Kelly(1984)ƒ e t»» PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)» w,,» yù l w p. Konami(19

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "ƒ s l w y. s l 2 e w s w ƒƒ e w w s g w. ƒƒ eƒ» w. z w w ww. Ortega Kelly(1984)ƒ e t»» PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)» w,,» yù l w p. Konami(19"

Transcription

1 ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 4A Á œ pp. 337 ~ 342 ª FDC» w -» l Sluice Gates Control Monitoring of Oil Pressure-Machine Using FDC Tuning Control Technique xÿ Á½ ¼ Heo, GwangheeÁKim, Chunggil Abstract Generally most sluice gates are closed and opened by a mechanical winch, a winch using an oil-pressure, or a winch mixing both. Because of their size and structure, they should be safely operated with more than two pulling devices helping each other. At the moment of their opening and closing, there usually occur some additional loads to the structure which cannot be exactly measurable at the stage of designing. Such additional loads can cause the sluice gate to be unbalanced and make it hard to open and close the gate, and by also overloading a winch, they can inflict a significant damage to the safety of the sluice gate. This paper explains a FDC(Force-Displacement Control) system which simultaneously considered the oil-pressure and displacement in order to evenly distribute the force and make a winch balanced at the opening and closing motion. This FDC system was implemented by means of the PID(Proportional Integral Derivative) function of XG 5000 program. It was experimented on a model of the sluice gate winch with the hydraulic oil pressure cylinder. The experiments showed that the developed FDC system made the winch of hydraulic oil pressure cylinder open and close cooperatively in spite of various external loads. Therefore the FDC system is proven effective when it is applied to a winch of sluice gate. Keywords : sluice gate, Tuning Control, FDC(Force-Displacement Control) System, PID(Proportional Integral Derivative) System, Hydraulic Pressure w», yw w s, j» 2 e w s w. s y š w w ƒ w w. w ƒ w ö x w wš, w w e. w s w w w ƒ š w FDC(Force-Displacement Control) l w. FDC l XG5000v PID» w xw, (winch) x w FDC l x w. x w FDC l s w w w w, ƒ s y w. x l FDC l z y w. w :,, FDC(Force-Displacement Control) l, PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)», 1. ü w m w z 4 w z 30 ù x zy v š (½³y, 2009;, 2003). w tw 4» lv y w š ( mw, 2009). w, w z Á Á w lœw Áœw ( heo@konyang.ac.kr) û w m œw Áœw ( cg-kim@hanmail.net) v w (w», 2007). w s w e ù» ù.» s e œ v wš, w ƒ w s e j š. ü s e w ƒ ù, t e» w šƒ wš wš. šƒ, ƒ wš, ƒƒ 30ƒ 4A œ 337

2 ƒ s l w y. s l 2 e w s w ƒƒ e w w s g w. ƒƒ eƒ» w. z w w ww. Ortega Kelly(1984)ƒ e t»» PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)» w,,» yù l w p. Konami(1995) w» l w p š w ƒ p w š w w. Yang(1997)» w œ» e PWM y w On-Off i š w, w x w». ü ½ y(1987) Ortega Kelly PID» Bezout w w l ƒ w e» w,» y w w p wš» y w. z (2003) ƒ q l r PID» w e w w. ƒ q l r PID» w š w z, e š w x w š w w x e ƒ. k(2005) l w r» w ƒ w w, e w ƒ z w. Á» w PID l w r š, FDC l w. w XG 5000v PID» w FDC l xw, yw l FDC l l Á w x FDC l w. x FDC l z l w. 2. s w w l w w» w š w l FDC l w š, x w PID w. 2.1 FDC l x w, y œ e w w., ƒƒ e w jš, ƒ e w w k. w l w v m e dw l FDC l w. FDC l d ƒ v m d w w l. 1 w sw l š w. 1 l (1). du ( P a1 A a1 P a2 A a2 ) + P aα m a f dt al + f aα ( P b1 A b1 P b2 A b2 ) P bα m du = f b dt bl + f bα» a b 1(b) ƒ, 1 2 1(b) ó w, P a b, A v m, m v m ƒw, f L qk w w v m i, P α w w» (1) 1. l 338 ª Œª Œ

3 위해 피스톤에 가해져야 할 압력, 그리고 fα는 수압에 의해 수문에 발생하는 마찰이다. 식 (1)을 이용하여 획득한 각 실 린더 압력의 차이에 관한 데이터는 피스톤의 위치를 계측하 는 센서로 부터 획득된 데이터를 조합하여, 다음 식 (2)의 FD에 따라 유압을 조절하게 된다. (2) FD = a b 여기서 FD는 두 개의 피스톤 간 동조차이고, a 와 b 는 각각 피스톤의 위치이며, 위치 측정 센서가 부착된 곳으로 부터의 거리이다. FD값이 5 mm/m 이하인 경우 유압조절밸 브의 상태를 그대로 유지하며, FD 값이 5 mm/m를 초과할 경우 a 와 a 중 작은 값이 계측된 실린더에 유압을 집중 시킬 수 있도록 유압 조절밸브를 조절하게 된다. 결과적으로 두 개 피스톤의 위치 오차에 따라 유압조절 밸브를 제어함 으로써 두 개의 유압 실린더 동조를 이루도록 하였다. 는 식 (5), (6), (7)의 P, I, D 각각의 성분 의 합으로 이뤄진다. P, I, D 성분의 조합에 따라 비례(P)제어, 비례적분(PI)제어, 비례미분(PD)제어, 비례 적분미분(PID)제어가 되는 것이다. 여기서 MV MVP, MVi, MVd 시스템 제어 이론 본 연구에서는 설계된 FDC 시스템의 구현을 위하여 PID 제어를 이용하였다. PID 제어란 제어 대상의 상태를 설정된 값(목표값, SV)으로 유지하기 위하여 검출부(센서)에서 측정 된 값(현재 값, PV)과 미리 설정한 목표 값을 비교하여 두 값 사이에 오차(FD)가 존재하는 경우 제어기가 이 오차를 없애기 위해 출력(제어신호, MV)를 조정하여 현재 값이 목 표 값에 도달하도록 하는 제어 방법이다. 그림 2는 구현된 FDC 시스템의 제어 흐름도이다. 그림 2와 같이 전체 제어 시스템에서 자동 제어 시 PID 제어가 실행되며, 센서와 구동기는 각각 제어대상의 상태 검 출 및 구동을 위한 장치이다. 센서가 제어대상의 현재 상태 를 검출하여 이 정보를 제어기로 전송하면, PID 연산을 통 하여 적절한 출력을 구동기에 전달, 구동기는 제어기 출력에 따라 제어대상을 구동하고, 다시 센서는 다음 순간에 바뀐 상태를 검출하여 제어기로 보내는 폐루프 제어가 이루어진 다. 제어 루프를 1회 순환하는 과정은 길게는 수초에서 짧 게는 수백 마이크로 초 단위로 반복되고 이 시간을 제어 주 기라고 한다. FDC 시스템에서 사용된 제어기의 PID 연산은 E에 따라 실행이 된다. 이때, E는 다음 식 (3)과 같다. 2.2 PID (4) MV = MVp + MVi + MVd MVP = KPE (5) K MVi = P Edt Ti (6) -----MVd = KPTd de dt (7) 여기서, MV 는 MV의 비례 성분, MV는 MV의 적분 성분, MV 는 MV의 미분 성분이고, K 는 비례 상수, T 는 적분 시상수, T 는 미분 시상수이다. P i d P i d 3. FDC시스템을 이용한 동조 제어 실험 본 연구에서 다중 유압 실린더 수문 권양기 시스템의 동 조 제어를 위하여 실린더의 유압과 피스톤의 변위를 고려한 FDC 시스템을 설계하고, 이를 구현하기 위하여 PID 제어 기법을 적용하였다. LS 산전의 XG 5000프로그램의 PID 기능을 이용하여 FDC 시스템을 구현 하였으며, 구현된 FDC 시스템의 검증을 위하여 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고, 혼합 수문 시스템을 제작하여 FDC 성능 검증을 위한 실험 장비 set을 구성하였다. 모니터링 시스템 개발 본 연구에서 구현된 FDC 시스템의 검증을 위하여 FDC 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. FDC 모니터링 시스템의 개 발은 LS 산전의 InfoU 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 완성된 모 니터링 시스템의 GUI는 다음 그림 3과 같다. 그림 3과 같은 FDC 모니터링 시스템에서 각 피스톤의 변위는 모형으로 A와 같이 표현하였다. 이때, 각 피스톤의 변위를 모형 상단에 기본 단위(mm)까지 표현 되도록 설정 하였다. 통제 장치(Control Panel)의 파워를 on/off 시키는 B는 통제 장치에서 중앙 통제로 설정하였을 때 사용이 가능 3.1 FDC (3) E = SV PV 여기서 E 는 에러, SV 는 제어 대상이 도달해야 할 목표 상 태, PV는 현재 제어대상의 상태이다. E 가 발생하면, 구동기 의 PID연산을 통하여 출력(MV)값을 내보낸다. 이때, MV 는 다음 식 (4)와 같다. 그림 第30卷 第4A號 2. FDC 그림 시스템의 제어 흐름도 2010年 7月 FDC 모니터링 시스템 GUI

4 w w. /PID kw C ƒƒ v m e w w, w PID ƒ t w w. v m ùkü D l w š, z l w w, ƒ v m t w v m w y w w. ùkü E w v txw, w w. 3.2 yw( -» ) l FDC l w x set yw( -» ) l w. yw l sw k dw, d PID mw œ e(hydraulic Power Pack) y œ w m e œ y yw l ƒw w œ e w. 4 yw l x ew yw l. 4 A xyw x ƒ 63*35*1000ST j» HY'D(Hydraulic) CYLINDER d w RHM 1000MD6101A01 LVDT(EMPO-RH) w, v m v w s ƒ w ƒá w w. B LS XGT Series w m e œ e w w. C œ e m e y x œ w w. t 1 t 2 ƒƒ m e œ e. 3.3 x FDC l w, w FDC l t 1. m e x š CPU XGK-CPUE 1536 XGP-ACF2 DC5V 6A XGI-D22A 16 XGQ-RY2A 16 XGF-AC8A x, 8 p XGF-DC4A x, 4 m XGL-EFMT», openx Ethernet t 2. œ e ³ MOTOR 5HP*4P(220/380V) OTIS OIL PUMP(ƒ PISTON) A10-FR01C YUKEN PROPORTIONAL V/V G01(DC24V) LIMSCO SOLENOID V/V DSG-01-2B3B(DC24V) YUKEN FAN COOLER SQ1-03(220V) DAEWHA l yw l x p w. x Áww s w, x s w ew, k z» w v m w w w. FDC l m e m mw l z w. FDC l x x k Á d v m 100 cm k» k w.» k d v m» 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 20 cm w z d v m» 5cm k s x ww. ƒƒ 0.3~2.0 m/min w w. w ƒƒ v m v d v m w w. FDC l x l x d v m 4. yw l 340 ª Œª Œ

5 k sƒw. 4. x sƒ FDC l xwš, FDC l 4ƒ e x w, z v m w. 5 x mw z w v. 5 s ƒ (» e 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 20 cm) e w ƒ w w y w. e ƒ w w ƒw w. z ƒ t 3. t 3 ƒ 9sec 5sec, s³ 7sec. l v w ƒw wš, 7sec Û2sec ƒ 5. z w v t 3. sƒ w k s (» ) v m e(cm) (sec) ƒ 4A œ 341

6 y w. 5. -» s w FDC l wš, w FDC l xw. w x w FDC l l w š, x yw l w. x set w 4ƒ w x ww. mw x FDC l ƒƒ v m e z wš PID mw m e y ü. y m e œ e w w w y w. l FDC l z w w ( y : )» ( y : S ) w, ƒ w w». š x mw (2009) 4» lv y. ½³y(2009) y w w w w - m -. wz, w wz, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp ½ y(1987) l w epid»»» w. w, w. k, y (2005) l w r».» wz, w» wz, 19«, 3y, pp , ½, (2003) l m (2.4GHz ) w e w w œ» w z w z, w œ» wz, pp z, «,,, ½ y, ½ y(2003) ƒ q l r PID» w e. 03 w» wz w z, w wz, pp w» (2007) ƒw m l 2. š,» Konami, S., Nishiumi, K., and Yonemoto, K. (1995) Improved steady error of an electro-hydraulic servo system with a dead zone and identification of the element time constants. J. of Fluid Power, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp Ortega, R. and Kelly, R. (1984) PID Self-Tuners : Some theoretical and practical aspects. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec., Vol. IE-31, No. 4. Yang, Q. H., Kawakami, Y., and Kawi, S. (1997) Position control of a pneumatic cylinder with friction compensation. J. of Fluid Power, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp ( : / : / : ) 342 ª Œª Œ

10(3)-09.fm

10(3)-09.fm w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½

More information

untitled

untitled ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective

More information

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv

w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,

More information

14.531~539(08-037).fm

14.531~539(08-037).fm G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked

More information

304.fm

304.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun

More information

605.fm

605.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **

More information

10(3)-12.fm

10(3)-12.fm w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed

More information

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm

16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University

More information

50(1)-09.fm

50(1)-09.fm 2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions

More information

27(5A)-07(5806).fm

27(5A)-07(5806).fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 753 ~ 758 gj pœw gj p { x A New Test Method for Pure Isotropic Flexural Tensile Strength of Concretes Ÿ Á y Á x Zi, GoangseupÁOh, HongseobÁChoi, Jinhyek Abstract Proposed is

More information

11(5)-12(09-10)p fm

11(5)-12(09-10)p fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.799-807(2009) w w * k ƒm w pg p w, ƒm w q w A Qualitative Research on Pursuing Image and Appearance Management Behavior of Brides Eun-Joo Bae

More information

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm

15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,

More information

w wƒ ƒw xù x mw w w w w. x¾ w s³ w» w ƒ z š œ Darcy-Weisbach œ w ù, ù f Reynolds (ε/d) w w» rw rw. w w š w tx x w. h L = f --- l V 2 Darcy Weisbach d

w wƒ ƒw xù x mw w w w w. x¾ w s³ w» w ƒ z š œ Darcy-Weisbach œ w ù, ù f Reynolds (ε/d) w w» rw rw. w w š w tx x w. h L = f --- l V 2 Darcy Weisbach d ª Œª Œ 29ƒ 4B Á 2009 7œ pp. 357 ~ 363 ª pv w ü s w A Study on The Velocity Distribution in Closed Conduit by Using The Entropy Concept kyáeá½á Choo, Tai HoÁOk, Chi YoulÁKim, Jin WonÁMaeng, Seung Jin Abstract

More information

69-1(p.1-27).fm

69-1(p.1-27).fm 99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,

More information

50(5)-07.fm

50(5)-07.fm Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction

More information

12(3) 10.fm

12(3) 10.fm KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure

More information

9(3)-4(p ).fm

9(3)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young

More information

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>

< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D> ¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :

More information

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>

<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D> kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t

More information

26(3D)-17.fm

26(3D)-17.fm 26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. ~ ª y w qp yw k d Predictive Equation of Dynamic Modulus for Hot Mix Asphalt with Granite Aggregates yá½x Á Lee, Kwan-HoÁKim, Hyun-OÁJang, Min-Seok Abstract The presented work provided

More information

27(5A)-15(5868).fm

27(5A)-15(5868).fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 701 ~ 711 ª x 3 k w Radial 3-D Elastodynamic Infinite Elements Á Á½ Seo, Choon-GyoÁYun, Chung-BangÁKim, Jae-Min Abstract This paper presents new three dimensional radial infinite

More information

12(4) 10.fm

12(4) 10.fm KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 4, December, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) l x CNG» v m s w ½ Á y w» œw (2008 9 30, 2008 12 10, 2008 12 10 k) Numerical Analysis for Temperature Distribution and Thermal

More information

12(2)-04.fm

12(2)-04.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage

More information

16(2)-7(p ).fm

16(2)-7(p ).fm w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare

More information

32(4B)-04(7455).fm

32(4B)-04(7455).fm 32«4ByÁ 2012 7 pp. 233 ~ 242 œ w w w y œ r Estimation of Domestic Water Supply Benefit Using Demand Function Approach ³ Á Á½¼yÁ Yeo, Kyu DongÁYi, Choong SungÁKim, Gil HoÁLee, Sang Won Abstract In the past,

More information

14(4) 09.fm

14(4) 09.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution

More information

31(3B)-07(7055).fm

31(3B)-07(7055).fm ª Œª Œ 31ƒ 3B Á 2011 5œ pp. 265 ~ 276 ª w w s³ The Correlation Between the Moving Average of Precipitation and Groundwater Level in Korea Á½û» Yang, Jeong-SeokÁKim, Nam-Ki Abstract Precipitation data and

More information

07.051~058(345).fm

07.051~058(345).fm w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development

More information

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

DBPIA-NURIMEDIA Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric

More information

, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w

, 66~67dB»e 55dB š 12dBù û»e(65db) w 70~71dB ñ. ù ü»» 35dB(ü), 45dB() r. w» w 1938 œk ³Ø w, 1960 Ø, 1968 ³Ø w. w 1972 ³Ø w w ³ ƒwš, ù y Ø w ³w ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 1D Á 2006 1œ pp. 1~11 ª qp md w An Analysis of the Traffic Noise Measurement Plans of Apartment Complexes A Case on the North Riverside Expressway in Seoul Á Kang, Jun MoÁLee, Sung Kyung Abstract

More information

202.fm

202.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 2, 2008 w w w w Physical Identities of Bukchon Hanok Area Viewed from Literary Geography * Park, Cheol-Soo "CTUSBDU This study explores the beneficial

More information

82.fm

82.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon

More information

17(2)-00(268).fm

17(2)-00(268).fm w ywz 17«2y(2012)/ 1 AMESim» CRDi l 2 p w if * Á le * Áfld ** Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics in Two-stage Injection for CRDi Injectors Based on AMESim Environment Insu Jo, Jiwon Kwon and Jinwook Lee

More information

416.fm

416.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU

More information

<312D303128C1B6BAB4BFC1292E666D>

<312D303128C1B6BAB4BFC1292E666D> k Ÿy y y + ûz m Ì ˆw k Ÿ ø ky w y y» wk Ÿ v w k w w ƒ Ÿ ew k Ÿy yø k Ÿ ý k z» w ƒ w Ÿ y k y w x mw w w ³Ÿ wšy v mw y w r œw yÿ ý w z»ÿ Ÿ»» Ÿ ¾ Ÿ 6TCXGN 9GGMN[ ýw k Ÿ Ÿ ƒ š wš y w k Ÿ ƒ m ³ w w y y y 'EQVQWTKUO

More information

17.393~400(11-033).fm

17.393~400(11-033).fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams

More information

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm

12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and

More information

27(3D)-07.fm

27(3D)-07.fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 3D Á 2007 5œ pp. 269~274 ª d x sƒ» w The Development of Safety Evaluation Criteria for the Alignment Design Consistency Methods on Rural Highways Á Á Lee, SooilÁWon, JaimuÁLee, Heeseung Abstract

More information

14(2) 02.fm

14(2) 02.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System

More information

82-01.fm

82-01.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong

More information

3-15(3)-05(이주희).fm

3-15(3)-05(이주희).fm w CAD/CAM wz 15«3y 2010 6 pp. 189-203 œ w w *, **, x***, v ** The Conceptual Design of Semi-submersible Type Mobile Harbor Using Axiomatic Design Principles Joohee Lee*, Seongjin Yoon**, Hyun Chung***

More information

untitled

untitled [ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings

More information

19(1) 02.fm

19(1) 02.fm Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor

More information

fm

fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 6D Á 2007 11œ pp. 809~817 ˆ «~ ª m y d w» A Modified Technique for Prediction of Future Land Use Change Á½ Lee, Yong JunÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The purpose of this study is to suggest a prediction

More information

51(4)-13.fm

51(4)-13.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea w x - w y *Á š w w w yw (2007. 3. 28 ) Case Study on Verbal Interactions of Teacher-Small Group StudentsG in

More information

m, w, w w. xœ y t y w en, ùw,, ƒ y (, 1994; w, 2000). ƒ x œ (NGA; National Geospatial-intelligence Agency) t t wù x (VITD; Vector product Interim Terr

m, w, w w. xœ y t y w en, ùw,, ƒ y (, 1994; w, 2000). ƒ x œ (NGA; National Geospatial-intelligence Agency) t t wù x (VITD; Vector product Interim Terr ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 1D Á 2006 1œ pp. 195~202 ˆ «~ ª xœ k» w en Analysis of Infiltration Route using Optimal Path Finding Methods and Geospatial Information ûáx Á y³á Bang, Soo NamÁHeo, JoonÁSohn, Hong GyooÁLee,

More information

51(2)-09.fm

51(2)-09.fm 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea xw yw w w» e w z Á Á y Áw # Á k * w yw w w w w w # w w w (2006. 10. 30 ) Influences of Current Education Programs for Preservice Chemistry Teachers

More information

fm

fm [ ] w wz DOI: 10.3740/MRSK.2009.19.12.692 Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No. 12 (2009) y INCONEL 718w Gas Tungsten Arc Welding» p sƒ ½»y Á *Á *Á y** ( ) d lj p wœq, *w wœ» q **( ) d lj p t Mechanical Properties

More information

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D>

<30312DC0CCC7E2B9FC2E666D> 균류의다양성과역할 이향범 û w œw 머리말 k w š ³ q š yw < Ð >» w ww k w w v š q w Á Á w tyw š 2QKPVKPI CPF *[FG ú ƒ x %QPXGPVKQP QP $KQNQIKECN &KXGTUKV[ %$&» w w ««wš y w» š x ƒ w œ ƒ» ƒ œsw w ³ wš ù š y š ƒ t š ƒ wš»ƒ

More information

10(3)-02.fm

10(3)-02.fm w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the

More information

8(2)-4(p ).fm

8(2)-4(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and

More information

fm

fm J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(4), 253 257 (2005) ü w w w Áy»xÁ Á Á Á«Á Áw Á x Á yx Á½ Á½ Á½ t t» t t ƒ q Study on Management of Artificial Flavors in Korea Tal-Soo Lee, Young-Mi Jang, Ki-Hyoung Hong, Sung-Kwan

More information

49(6)-06.fm

49(6)-06.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum

More information

01.01~08(유왕진).fm

01.01~08(유왕진).fm JOURNAL OF KOREA SOCIETY OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. Vol. 14, No. 1 1~8 (2008) s w Á w» w Comparative Study on the Changes and Prospects of Flexible Food Packaging Design Kyung Soo Noh and Wang

More information

10(3)-10.fm

10(3)-10.fm w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction

More information

10(1)-08.fm

10(1)-08.fm w y wz 10«( 1y) 47~52, 2007 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis œ w t y ½ xá Á x Á½ Á x* Ÿ œ, * w œw Optimization of Coagulation In The Conventional Water Treatment Plant Jun-Hyun Kim,

More information

( )-7.fm

( )-7.fm J. of the Korean Sensors Society Vol. 19, No. 4 (2010) pp. 297 305 y x f w p j q v mg sƒ Á *Á«kw**Á **, Design and evaluation of wireless sensor network routing protocol for home healthcare Seung-Chul

More information

< C0E5BFC1C0E72E666D>

< C0E5BFC1C0E72E666D> w wz 9«4y 2009 8 pp. 0 ~ 0 지역회귀분석을이용한홍수피해위험도산정 Flood Risk Estimation Using Regional Regression Analysis 장옥재 * 김영오 ** Jang, Ock-Jae ½ Kim, Young-Oh Abstract Although desire for living without hazardous

More information

» t d» y w š q, w d» y ƒ ƒ w tree-ring t w d» y ƒ w š w. w tree-ring t mw»z y p q w š w. Tree-ring t mw, 500» ƒ wš p w» ƒ, y»z p wš»»z y. ù tree-ring

» t d» y w š q, w d» y ƒ ƒ w tree-ring t w d» y ƒ w š w. w tree-ring t mw»z y p q w š w. Tree-ring t mw, 500» ƒ wš p w» ƒ, y»z p wš»»z y. ù tree-ring ª Œª Œ 29ƒ 5B Á 2009 9œ pp. 409 ~ 417 ª»z t ùkù»z yp Synoptic Change Characteristics of the East Asia Climate Appeared in Seoul Rainfall and Climatic Index Data y yá½ zá Á Hwang, Seok HwanÁKim, Joong HoonÁYoo,

More information

93.fm

93.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A038.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A038.doc YWXY º º t rzyywxyhwz_ º zƒ A Study on the Relation of Railroad System and Energy Saving ö ä ø ã ä ãã In Moon, Han-Min Lee *, Jong-Eun Ha * * Abstract Now the world, such as the impact of fossil energy

More information

(4)-03(박상철).fm

(4)-03(박상철).fm w CAD/CAM wz 15«4y 2010 8 pp. 271-278 w y» *, ¼ ** A Synthetic Enviornment Based Engagement Simulation Model Sang Chul Park* and Kil Young Seong** ABSTRACT Weapon systems for future war require operating

More information

50(6)-03.fm

50(6)-03.fm Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea w yw w w ½ Á Áw Á k * w yw w w w w w (2006. 8. 9 ) Relationship between Conceptual Understanding and Mapping Errors Induced in Learning

More information

fm

fm w sw x w w w x y w w sw J[FTQRJ[VG w 5CVQƒw e UWDOGTIGF J[FTQRJ[VG šw z w w w w ù p w s w r w z w w kw p ³ w š w z w š w w kw mƒ w š w s w q 8CNNKUPGTKC FGPUGUGTTWNCVC½ ½ Õ 6[RJC NCZKOCPPK -KO CPF %JQK

More information

143.fm

143.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 859~864, 006. FE Analysis of Alumina Green Body Density for Pressure Compaction Process Jong-In Im and Young-Jin Yook Simulation Center for Fine

More information

8(3)-15(p ).fm

8(3)-15(p ).fm w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«3y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.357-362(2006) w p k sƒ ½ Á Á w w w A Study on the Mechanical and Hand Properties of the Lining Fabrics Myung-Ok Kim, Mi-Kyung Uh and Myung-Ja

More information

ƒ z mw s³mw, Á w., ƒ z sƒ t w wš z wz w w w p z w, z z, w w sƒwš, k z» sƒ w w z w w. ½(1997) xw w» GIS w x wš x k w x l w z w x ƒ w m ƒ GIS w ƒ

ƒ z mw s³mw, Á w., ƒ z sƒ t w wš z wz w w w p z w, z z, w w sƒwš, k z» sƒ w w z w w. ½(1997) xw w» GIS w x wš x k w x l w z w x ƒ w m ƒ GIS w ƒ ª Œª Œ 26ƒ 3D Á 2006 5œ pp. 385~391 ª GIS œ» y w w» A Site Selection of Public Facility Based on An Accessibility Theory & GIS Spatial Analysis Technologies ½y ½ š Kim, Hwang Bae Kim, Sigon Abstract It

More information

06.177~184(10-079).fm

06.177~184(10-079).fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 177~184, April, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.2.177 x w w MRS w p s y 1) Á z 2) Á x 3) * 1) wû w œw 2) w œw 3) w Nonlinear Analysis for

More information

18211.fm

18211.fm J. of the Korean Sensors Society Vol. 18, No. 2 (2009) pp. 168 172 p k ù p p l xá xá ³ Á *Á w * Fabrication of the CNT-FET biosensors with a double-gate structure Byunghyun Cho, Byounghyun Lim, Jang-Kyoo

More information

15(2)-07.fm

15(2)-07.fm J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 145~154(2008) w y y w z 15 «2 y 2008 ³ l w sm ½ Á yáy * w y w, ** w w Recommended Sensitivity of a Fully-shielded Photosensor for a Daylight Dimming

More information

fm

fm Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 015~023, February, 2012 GGGGG http://dx.doi.org/10.4334/jkci.2012.24.1.015 인장증강효과에기반한콘크리트구조부재의사용성능검증» 1) Á½ 2) Á½ 2) Á y 3) * 1) w m 2) û w m

More information

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm

10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties

More information

11(5)-7(09-37)p fm

11(5)-7(09-37)p fm w wz J Kor Soc Cloth Ind 11«y 009 Vol 11 No pp73-763009) Ášw k ÁÁ w w Comparison of Actual Status and Satisfaction of School Uniform between Middle and High School Students Ji-Min Lee Jeong-Ran Lee and

More information

100(4)-24(90).fm

100(4)-24(90).fm x» w e full name w.. Jour. Korean For. Soc. Vol. 100, No. 4, pp. 000~000 (2011) JOURNAL OF KOREAN FOREST SOCIETY» zœx y x 1 Á 2 Á 1 1 w w, 2 w w Governance Types of Corporate Philanthropic Forestry Activities

More information

untitled

untitled 6ƒ 3A Á 006 5œ pp. 497 ~ 5 ª sƒ w k w w Improved Modal Pushover Analysis of Multi-span Continuous Bridge Structures z Áy Á½ Kwak, Hyo-GyoungÁHong, Seong JinÁKim, Young Sang Abstract In this paper, a simple

More information

fm

fm w y wz 9«( 1y) 34~40, 2006 J. f the Krean Sciety fr Envirnmental Analysis V/ w y Áy yá váy * w» ( )», *» w y œw Simultaneus Remval f Dixin and Nitrgen Oxide n V/ Catalyst Jun-Yub Lee, Sung-H Hng, Sung-Pill

More information

14.091~100(328-하천방재).fm

14.091~100(328-하천방재).fm w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 91 ~ 100 w w w e x Development of a Numerical Model of Shallow-Water Flow using Cut-cell System ½x Á Á Kim, Hyung-JunÁee, SeungOhÁCho, Yong-Sik Abstract Numerical implementation with

More information

( )-122.fm

( )-122.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48 No. 1 pp. 40~45 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.1.040 Approach to Compositional Effect on Properties of Aspherical Optical Glass for GMP Process with Design

More information

415.fm

415.fm Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 xw z œ p w A Study on the Spatial Characteristics of the Concept of Non-sedentary in Contemporary Multi-housing Planning ½ * Kim, Mi-Kyoung

More information

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션

PowerPoint 프레젠테이션 RecurDyn 의 Co-simulation 와 하드웨어인터페이스적용 2016.11.16 User day 김진수, 서준원 펑션베이솔루션그룹 Index 1. Co-simulation 이란? Interface 방식 Co-simulation 개념 2. RecurDyn 과 Co-simulation 이가능한분야별소프트웨어 Dynamics과 Control 1) RecurDyn

More information

14(4)-14(심고문2).fm

14(4)-14(심고문2).fm w» wz, 14«4y(2012) (ISSN 1229-5671) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 14, No. 4, (2012), pp. 260~264 DOI: 10.5532/KJAFM.2012.14.4.260 Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.

More information

서보교육자료배포용.ppt

서보교육자료배포용.ppt 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. ; + - & (22kW ) 1. ; 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 DC AC (Ferrite) (NdFeB; ) /, Hybrid Power Thyrister TR IGBT IPM Analog Digital 16 bit 32 bit DSP RISC Dip SMD(Surface Mount Device) P,

More information

82-08.fm

82-08.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 95~108, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis VOC p : w 2000-2004 ½»x Á Á w y w, w y œw The Composition and Emission Characteristics of VOC from Major Waste Landfill Sites

More information

10(3)-11.fm

10(3)-11.fm w y wz 10«3y 265~271 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment y w w gj p ü e y y y w y Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 9, 2010 12 7 k) Effect of Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficient and Critical

More information

27(4C)-07.fm

27(4C)-07.fm ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 4C Á 2007 7œ pp. 293~304 ª x mw - Shear Behavior Charateristics of Drilled Shaft - Rockmass Interface Using Direct Shear Test Under Constant Normal Stiffness Condition Á Á z Jeong, Sang SeomÁWoo,

More information

7(4)-07.fm

7(4)-07.fm w» wz, 7«4y(2005) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 7, No. 4, (2005), pp. 282~288 ƒ ù k š w k 1 Á 2 Á 1 Áy y 1 Á 1 Á x 1 Á û 1 1 w û, 2 w (2005 11 15 ; 2005 12 2 ) Aboveground

More information

4.fm

4.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 30~34, 2009. Optimization of Glass Wafer Dicing Process using Sand Blast Won Seo, Young-mo Koo*, Jae-Woong Ko**, and Gusung Kim Department of Electronic

More information

14.fm

14.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center

More information

3.fm

3.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha

More information

50(4)-10.fm

50(4)-10.fm 2006, Vol. 50, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea 칼코겐이도핑된망간산화물의저온합성연구 k Á z Á, *Áy, * y w ù w yw x ù l w» ww (2006. 7. 13 ) Chimie Douce Synthesis of Chalcogen-Doped Manganese Oxides Seung Tae Lim,GDae

More information

25(3c)-03.fm

25(3c)-03.fm 25ƒ 3C Á 2005 5œ pp. 181~188 ª w MCS» w w MCS-based Reliability Analysis of Axially Loaded Single Pile Structure x Á Á» Huh, JungwonÁJeong, Sang-SeomÁKwak, Kiseok Abstract This paper deals with development

More information

( )-83.fm

( )-83.fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 0~5, 011. DOI:10.191/KCERS.011.8.1.00 Solidification of Heavy Metal Ions Using Magnesia-phosphate Cement HunG Choi, Hyun Ju Kang, Myung Shin Song,

More information

` Companies need to play various roles as the network of supply chain gradually expands. Companies are required to form a supply chain with outsourcing or partnerships since a company can not

More information

27(5A)-13(5735).fm

27(5A)-13(5735).fm 27ƒ 5A Á 2007 9œ pp. 735 ~ 743 gj p ª w š p w { ³ p Flexural Behavior and Cracking Characteristics of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites according to Fine Aggregate Contents *Á ³x**

More information

(163번 이희수).fm

(163번 이희수).fm Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 323~327, 2011. DOI:10.4191/KCERS.2011.48.4.323 Electrical Properties and Temperature Stability of Dysprosium and Erbium Co-doped Barium Titanate

More information

82-02.fm

82-02.fm w y wz 8«( 2y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis Calix[6]arene w k š w *Á x Á Á«ƒm w yw, *w w yw Cesium Ion Selective Solid Contact Electrodes Based on Calix[6]arene Won-sik

More information

³»ÁöÀÛ¾÷-~89š

³»ÁöÀÛ¾÷-~89š PISTON PUMPS A Series Variable Displacement Piston Pumps Pressure Compensator Type A16-L-R-01-B-K-32 11 Solenoid Two Pressure Control Type A22-L-R-02-S-K-A100-32 12 Pressure Compensator with Unloading

More information

23(4) 06.fm

23(4) 06.fm w y wz, 23«4y, 2009 J. of Korean Institute of Fire Sci. & Eng. [ ] Vol. 23, No. 4, 2009 l f l üy w Study on Fire Performance of Stud Connectors ½ Áw z*á * Sung-Bae Kim Sang-Hoon Han* Seng-Kwan Choi* *FireSERT

More information

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A172.doc

Microsoft Word - KSR2012A172.doc YWXY º º t rzyywxyhx^y v s k v A Study on the Development of Traction Jig for Bimodal Tram ã äø Ñ ã ä ãã Hee-Taek Yoon *, Young-Kon Park *, Se-Hyun Cho ** ) Abstract The bimodal tram ahead of practical

More information

38(6)-01.fm

38(6)-01.fm y, 38«, 6y, 699-705, 2005 Econ. Environ. Geol., 38(6), 699-705, 2005 t sÿ y xk 1 Á s 2Á z 1 Á½ 1 Á e 3 1 w y w,» w, 2w y w, 3š w y w Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Geologic Environments on the

More information