ƒ s l w y. s l 2 e w s w ƒƒ e w w s g w. ƒƒ eƒ» w. z w w ww. Ortega Kelly(1984)ƒ e t»» PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)» w,,» yù l w p. Konami(19
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1 ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 4A Á œ pp. 337 ~ 342 ª FDC» w -» l Sluice Gates Control Monitoring of Oil Pressure-Machine Using FDC Tuning Control Technique xÿ Á½ ¼ Heo, GwangheeÁKim, Chunggil Abstract Generally most sluice gates are closed and opened by a mechanical winch, a winch using an oil-pressure, or a winch mixing both. Because of their size and structure, they should be safely operated with more than two pulling devices helping each other. At the moment of their opening and closing, there usually occur some additional loads to the structure which cannot be exactly measurable at the stage of designing. Such additional loads can cause the sluice gate to be unbalanced and make it hard to open and close the gate, and by also overloading a winch, they can inflict a significant damage to the safety of the sluice gate. This paper explains a FDC(Force-Displacement Control) system which simultaneously considered the oil-pressure and displacement in order to evenly distribute the force and make a winch balanced at the opening and closing motion. This FDC system was implemented by means of the PID(Proportional Integral Derivative) function of XG 5000 program. It was experimented on a model of the sluice gate winch with the hydraulic oil pressure cylinder. The experiments showed that the developed FDC system made the winch of hydraulic oil pressure cylinder open and close cooperatively in spite of various external loads. Therefore the FDC system is proven effective when it is applied to a winch of sluice gate. Keywords : sluice gate, Tuning Control, FDC(Force-Displacement Control) System, PID(Proportional Integral Derivative) System, Hydraulic Pressure w», yw w s, j» 2 e w s w. s y š w w ƒ w w. w ƒ w ö x w wš, w w e. w s w w w ƒ š w FDC(Force-Displacement Control) l w. FDC l XG5000v PID» w xw, (winch) x w FDC l x w. x w FDC l s w w w w, ƒ s y w. x l FDC l z y w. w :,, FDC(Force-Displacement Control) l, PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)», 1. ü w m w z 4 w z 30 ù x zy v š (½³y, 2009;, 2003). w tw 4» lv y w š ( mw, 2009). w, w z Á Á w lœw Áœw ( heo@konyang.ac.kr) û w m œw Áœw ( cg-kim@hanmail.net) v w (w», 2007). w s w e ù» ù.» s e œ v wš, w ƒ w s e j š. ü s e w ƒ ù, t e» w šƒ wš wš. šƒ, ƒ wš, ƒƒ 30ƒ 4A œ 337
2 ƒ s l w y. s l 2 e w s w ƒƒ e w w s g w. ƒƒ eƒ» w. z w w ww. Ortega Kelly(1984)ƒ e t»» PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)» w,,» yù l w p. Konami(1995) w» l w p š w ƒ p w š w w. Yang(1997)» w œ» e PWM y w On-Off i š w, w x w». ü ½ y(1987) Ortega Kelly PID» Bezout w w l ƒ w e» w,» y w w p wš» y w. z (2003) ƒ q l r PID» w e w w. ƒ q l r PID» w š w z, e š w x w š w w x e ƒ. k(2005) l w r» w ƒ w w, e w ƒ z w. Á» w PID l w r š, FDC l w. w XG 5000v PID» w FDC l xw, yw l FDC l l Á w x FDC l w. x FDC l z l w. 2. s w w l w w» w š w l FDC l w š, x w PID w. 2.1 FDC l x w, y œ e w w., ƒƒ e w jš, ƒ e w w k. w l w v m e dw l FDC l w. FDC l d ƒ v m d w w l. 1 w sw l š w. 1 l (1). du ( P a1 A a1 P a2 A a2 ) + P aα m a f dt al + f aα ( P b1 A b1 P b2 A b2 ) P bα m du = f b dt bl + f bα» a b 1(b) ƒ, 1 2 1(b) ó w, P a b, A v m, m v m ƒw, f L qk w w v m i, P α w w» (1) 1. l 338 ª Œª Œ
3 위해 피스톤에 가해져야 할 압력, 그리고 fα는 수압에 의해 수문에 발생하는 마찰이다. 식 (1)을 이용하여 획득한 각 실 린더 압력의 차이에 관한 데이터는 피스톤의 위치를 계측하 는 센서로 부터 획득된 데이터를 조합하여, 다음 식 (2)의 FD에 따라 유압을 조절하게 된다. (2) FD = a b 여기서 FD는 두 개의 피스톤 간 동조차이고, a 와 b 는 각각 피스톤의 위치이며, 위치 측정 센서가 부착된 곳으로 부터의 거리이다. FD값이 5 mm/m 이하인 경우 유압조절밸 브의 상태를 그대로 유지하며, FD 값이 5 mm/m를 초과할 경우 a 와 a 중 작은 값이 계측된 실린더에 유압을 집중 시킬 수 있도록 유압 조절밸브를 조절하게 된다. 결과적으로 두 개 피스톤의 위치 오차에 따라 유압조절 밸브를 제어함 으로써 두 개의 유압 실린더 동조를 이루도록 하였다. 는 식 (5), (6), (7)의 P, I, D 각각의 성분 의 합으로 이뤄진다. P, I, D 성분의 조합에 따라 비례(P)제어, 비례적분(PI)제어, 비례미분(PD)제어, 비례 적분미분(PID)제어가 되는 것이다. 여기서 MV MVP, MVi, MVd 시스템 제어 이론 본 연구에서는 설계된 FDC 시스템의 구현을 위하여 PID 제어를 이용하였다. PID 제어란 제어 대상의 상태를 설정된 값(목표값, SV)으로 유지하기 위하여 검출부(센서)에서 측정 된 값(현재 값, PV)과 미리 설정한 목표 값을 비교하여 두 값 사이에 오차(FD)가 존재하는 경우 제어기가 이 오차를 없애기 위해 출력(제어신호, MV)를 조정하여 현재 값이 목 표 값에 도달하도록 하는 제어 방법이다. 그림 2는 구현된 FDC 시스템의 제어 흐름도이다. 그림 2와 같이 전체 제어 시스템에서 자동 제어 시 PID 제어가 실행되며, 센서와 구동기는 각각 제어대상의 상태 검 출 및 구동을 위한 장치이다. 센서가 제어대상의 현재 상태 를 검출하여 이 정보를 제어기로 전송하면, PID 연산을 통 하여 적절한 출력을 구동기에 전달, 구동기는 제어기 출력에 따라 제어대상을 구동하고, 다시 센서는 다음 순간에 바뀐 상태를 검출하여 제어기로 보내는 폐루프 제어가 이루어진 다. 제어 루프를 1회 순환하는 과정은 길게는 수초에서 짧 게는 수백 마이크로 초 단위로 반복되고 이 시간을 제어 주 기라고 한다. FDC 시스템에서 사용된 제어기의 PID 연산은 E에 따라 실행이 된다. 이때, E는 다음 식 (3)과 같다. 2.2 PID (4) MV = MVp + MVi + MVd MVP = KPE (5) K MVi = P Edt Ti (6) -----MVd = KPTd de dt (7) 여기서, MV 는 MV의 비례 성분, MV는 MV의 적분 성분, MV 는 MV의 미분 성분이고, K 는 비례 상수, T 는 적분 시상수, T 는 미분 시상수이다. P i d P i d 3. FDC시스템을 이용한 동조 제어 실험 본 연구에서 다중 유압 실린더 수문 권양기 시스템의 동 조 제어를 위하여 실린더의 유압과 피스톤의 변위를 고려한 FDC 시스템을 설계하고, 이를 구현하기 위하여 PID 제어 기법을 적용하였다. LS 산전의 XG 5000프로그램의 PID 기능을 이용하여 FDC 시스템을 구현 하였으며, 구현된 FDC 시스템의 검증을 위하여 모니터링 시스템을 개발하고, 혼합 수문 시스템을 제작하여 FDC 성능 검증을 위한 실험 장비 set을 구성하였다. 모니터링 시스템 개발 본 연구에서 구현된 FDC 시스템의 검증을 위하여 FDC 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. FDC 모니터링 시스템의 개 발은 LS 산전의 InfoU 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 완성된 모 니터링 시스템의 GUI는 다음 그림 3과 같다. 그림 3과 같은 FDC 모니터링 시스템에서 각 피스톤의 변위는 모형으로 A와 같이 표현하였다. 이때, 각 피스톤의 변위를 모형 상단에 기본 단위(mm)까지 표현 되도록 설정 하였다. 통제 장치(Control Panel)의 파워를 on/off 시키는 B는 통제 장치에서 중앙 통제로 설정하였을 때 사용이 가능 3.1 FDC (3) E = SV PV 여기서 E 는 에러, SV 는 제어 대상이 도달해야 할 목표 상 태, PV는 현재 제어대상의 상태이다. E 가 발생하면, 구동기 의 PID연산을 통하여 출력(MV)값을 내보낸다. 이때, MV 는 다음 식 (4)와 같다. 그림 第30卷 第4A號 2. FDC 그림 시스템의 제어 흐름도 2010年 7月 FDC 모니터링 시스템 GUI
4 w w. /PID kw C ƒƒ v m e w w, w PID ƒ t w w. v m ùkü D l w š, z l w w, ƒ v m t w v m w y w w. ùkü E w v txw, w w. 3.2 yw( -» ) l FDC l w x set yw( -» ) l w. yw l sw k dw, d PID mw œ e(hydraulic Power Pack) y œ w m e œ y yw l ƒw w œ e w. 4 yw l x ew yw l. 4 A xyw x ƒ 63*35*1000ST j» HY'D(Hydraulic) CYLINDER d w RHM 1000MD6101A01 LVDT(EMPO-RH) w, v m v w s ƒ w ƒá w w. B LS XGT Series w m e œ e w w. C œ e m e y x œ w w. t 1 t 2 ƒƒ m e œ e. 3.3 x FDC l w, w FDC l t 1. m e x š CPU XGK-CPUE 1536 XGP-ACF2 DC5V 6A XGI-D22A 16 XGQ-RY2A 16 XGF-AC8A x, 8 p XGF-DC4A x, 4 m XGL-EFMT», openx Ethernet t 2. œ e ³ MOTOR 5HP*4P(220/380V) OTIS OIL PUMP(ƒ PISTON) A10-FR01C YUKEN PROPORTIONAL V/V G01(DC24V) LIMSCO SOLENOID V/V DSG-01-2B3B(DC24V) YUKEN FAN COOLER SQ1-03(220V) DAEWHA l yw l x p w. x Áww s w, x s w ew, k z» w v m w w w. FDC l m e m mw l z w. FDC l x x k Á d v m 100 cm k» k w.» k d v m» 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 20 cm w z d v m» 5cm k s x ww. ƒƒ 0.3~2.0 m/min w w. w ƒƒ v m v d v m w w. FDC l x l x d v m 4. yw l 340 ª Œª Œ
5 k sƒw. 4. x sƒ FDC l xwš, FDC l 4ƒ e x w, z v m w. 5 x mw z w v. 5 s ƒ (» e 80 cm, 60 cm, 40 cm, 20 cm) e w ƒ w w y w. e ƒ w w ƒw w. z ƒ t 3. t 3 ƒ 9sec 5sec, s³ 7sec. l v w ƒw wš, 7sec Û2sec ƒ 5. z w v t 3. sƒ w k s (» ) v m e(cm) (sec) ƒ 4A œ 341
6 y w. 5. -» s w FDC l wš, w FDC l xw. w x w FDC l l w š, x yw l w. x set w 4ƒ w x ww. mw x FDC l ƒƒ v m e z wš PID mw m e y ü. y m e œ e w w w y w. l FDC l z w w ( y : )» ( y : S ) w, ƒ w w». š x mw (2009) 4» lv y. ½³y(2009) y w w w w - m -. wz, w wz, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp ½ y(1987) l w epid»»» w. w, w. k, y (2005) l w r».» wz, w» wz, 19«, 3y, pp , ½, (2003) l m (2.4GHz ) w e w w œ» w z w z, w œ» wz, pp z, «,,, ½ y, ½ y(2003) ƒ q l r PID» w e. 03 w» wz w z, w wz, pp w» (2007) ƒw m l 2. š,» Konami, S., Nishiumi, K., and Yonemoto, K. (1995) Improved steady error of an electro-hydraulic servo system with a dead zone and identification of the element time constants. J. of Fluid Power, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp Ortega, R. and Kelly, R. (1984) PID Self-Tuners : Some theoretical and practical aspects. IEEE Trans. Ind. Elec., Vol. IE-31, No. 4. Yang, Q. H., Kawakami, Y., and Kawi, S. (1997) Position control of a pneumatic cylinder with friction compensation. J. of Fluid Power, Vol. 28, No. 2, pp ( : / : / : ) 342 ª Œª Œ
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