<C0D3BBF3B0C7B0AD28C1A634B1C7C1A633C8A3292E687770>

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "<C0D3BBF3B0C7B0AD28C1A634B1C7C1A633C8A3292E687770>"

기우 송
6 years ago
Views:

1 대한임상건강증진학회지제 4 권제 3 호 2004 Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev Vol. 4, No. 3, 2004 [ 원저 ] 저항운동강도가스트레스호르몬과젖산반응에미치는영향 유재현, 최희남 1) 고려대학교스포츠과학연구소, 서강대학교 1) - 요약 - 연구배경 저항운동후호르몬의반응은회복기동안에에너지기질의대사조절과조직성장에중요한역할을수행하므로저항운동에의한내분비계의반응을이해하는것은중요하다. 카테콜라민의반응은저항운동에의해첫번째로작용하는내분비기전중하나이다. 따라서본연구는운동목적에따라요구되는저항운동의적절한중재를위해성인남성을대상으로저항운동의총운동량과 set 간휴식시간을일정하게유지한상태에서저항운동강도에따른스트레스호르몬과젖산의농도변화를분석하고자한다. 방 법 본연구는건강한성인남성 9명 ( 연령 : 25.4±3.56세, 신장 : 175.6±4.46cm, 체중 : 71.6±8.97kg) 을대상으로, 총운동량을약 39,000J, set 간휴식시간을 1분으로설정한후저항운동강도에따른카테콜라민과젖산의농도변화를파악하였다. 저항운동은 TechnoGym 社의 weight machine 6종 (Knee Extension Machine, Knee Flexion Machine, Abdominal Machine, Back Extension Machine, Chest Press, Lat Pull Down) 을사용하여 1RM의 40% 에서 20회반복, 60% 에서 13회반복, 80% 에서 10 회반복하였으며모두 3 set의서킷트레이닝을수행하였다. 본연구의자료처리를위하여 SPSS 통계프로그램 (version 10.0) 을사용하였으며, 각각의저항운동강도에따른혈중카테콜라민과젖산수준은안정시, 저항운동직후, 회복기 30분등시간별평균과표준편차를산출하였다. 저항운동강도에따른안정시, 저항운동직후, 회복기 30분의혈중호르몬농도의평균치차이의유의성을검증하기위하여 two-way repeated ANOVA 를하였고, 구체적인검증을위하여 one-way ANOVA 를실시하였다. 유의한차이에대해서는사후비교방법으로 Tukey 법을사용하였으며, 자료에대한통계적유의수준은 α=.05로설정하였다. 결 과 혈중에피네프린과노르에피네프린은저항운동직후유의한증가를보였으며, 운동강도에따라에피네프린은유의한차이를보이지않았지만노르에피네프린은운동직후에서운동강도에따라유의하게증가하였다. 혈중젖산은저항운동직후유의한증가를보였으며, 운동강도에따라서는운동직후와회복기동안에강도가높을수록혈중젖산농도도높았으며, 저강도와고강도간에유의한차이를보였다. 결 론 이상과같은결론을종합해볼때약 39,000J의운동량으로실시한저항운동은운동강도가증가함에따라말초혈관의수축물질인노르에피네프린과피로물질인젖산이증가하는경향을보였다. 이러한노르에피네프린의반응은운동중혈압을과도하게증가시킬수있는 valsalva maneuver의원인중하나로보여진다. 따라서저강도의저항운동이운동중혈압의과도한상승을줄이고근육의피로를최소화하는등안전성을제공하면서저항운동의목적인근력강화를꾀할수있을것으로판단 된다. ( 대한임상건강증진학회지 2004;3:162~170) 중심단어 저항운동, 운동강도, 스트레스호르몬 7 서론 교신저자 : 최희남서강대학교 주소 : 서울시마포구신수동서강대학교체육실 전화 : heenam2@hanmail.net 접수일 : 2004년 8월 18일 채택일 : 2004년 9월 14일 저항운동은과거 20여년전부터많은사람들로부터인기를누린운동중하나로, 바디빌더나근력관련선수들이주로사용하였지만현재는저항운동에관한많은건강상의장점들이알려지면서대중적인인기를끌고있다. 1) 근력의감소는일상생활을수행하는데자신감의결여와함께피로의증가로인하여삶의질저하로이어진다. 2) 이에 162

2 [The Responses of Catecholamine and Lactate on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities] 미국스포츠의학회 3) 는저항운동프로그램이근력과근지구력의개선뿐만아니라만성질환의예방및관상동맥질환에대한위험요소의제거와독립심강화에권장하는방법이라고하였으며, Kraemer 와 Ratamess 1) 는저항운동이근비대뿐아니라근력, 근파워, 스피드, 근지구력, 평형성, 협응성등을향상시킨다고하였다. 연령의증가는성장호르몬 (growth hormone) 의감소와더불어총에너지소비량을감소시켜체지방을증가시키는원인이되며근육량과골밀도의감소 4) 를야기하므로낙상률과만성질환의유병률을증가시키고있다. 그러나저항운동은남성호르몬 (testosterone), 성장호르몬, 부신피질호르몬 (cortisol) 과같은순환호르몬의농도를빠르게증가시키는강력한자극이되며, 제지방량과기초대사량의증가를가져와낙상의위험은물론생활습관질환에대한유병률을감소시키는데중요한중재역할을한다. 또한이러한호르몬의반응은트레이닝후회복기동안에에너지기질의대사조절과조직성장에중요한역할을수행한다. 5,6) 이에저항운동에의한호르몬의반응이어떻게변화하는지를이해하는것은중요하다. Fleck와 Kraemer 7) 는저항운동이제지방체중을증가시키기는하지만, 골격근세포의비대는저항트레이닝프로그램방식에따라차이를나타내고있다고하였다. 이는사용되는저항트레이닝프로그램의방식에따라발현되는순환호르몬농도의변화가조직의적응에영향을주기때문이다. 7,8) 호르몬의복합작용으로인하여호르몬농도에대한해석이용이하지는않지만트레이닝으로인한호르몬의반응들은호르몬에의해조절되는기전의기능상태, 또는내분비선 (gland) 의반응및상태에대한정보를제공한다. 혈액의호르몬농도가다양한수용기집단들의상태또는세포내호르몬효과를나타내지는않지만일반적으로호르몬농도의증가는수용기와의더욱높은상호작용의가능성을예상할수있다. 9) 저항운동은남성에게서혈장노르에피네프린과에피네프린을증가시키는강한자극으로알려졌다. 10) 더욱이운동강도는카테콜라민과성장호르몬을포함한다른대사호르몬의방출과높은관련성이있으며, 운동강도가높을수록호르몬분비도증가하는것으로나타났다. 11) 에피네프린과노르에피네프린은혈압과혈장포도당농도의유지에관련된다. 또한강한감정적자극에반응하고위험한상황으로부터신체를벗어나도록인체를준비시키는작용을한다. 카테콜라민은항상근육당원동원과관련있으며, 간으로부터포도당동원, 지방조직으로부터의유리지방산동원과도관련이있고조직에의한포도당섭취를방해할수도있다. 또한카테콜라민은중추운동자극원, 말초혈관확장 자, 그리고증가된근육효소계로서활동하기때문에급속히근력근파워를발휘해야하는경우에있어다른호르몬들보다더욱중요하다. 12) 비록근육조직의성장증진에있어서역할은불분명하지만카테콜라민은다른동화호르몬을자극하는기능을한다. 카테콜라민은저항운동프로토콜의신체적스트레스를나타내는것으로보인다. 13) 근력과근비대를목적으로보디빌더에의해일반적으로사용되는고강도 (10 RM), 짧은휴식의운동은증가된세포막의카테콜라민수준을회복기 5분동안유지시키는것으로나타났다. 13) 부가적으로에프네프린은운동스트레스와함께나타나는젖산 (lactate) 농도와상호관련이있다. 그리고에프네프린이대사적조절, 힘생산, 테스토스테론, 성장호르몬, IGF-1 과같은호르몬들의반응기전과관련되어있기때문에카테콜라민의자극은저항운동에대한반응으로발생하는첫번째신경내분비기전들중하나일수있다. 9) 근력은건강관련체력으로운동수행에중요한요소이며, 일상생활의기능과도높은상관을보이고있어운동프로그램에중요한부분으로인지되고있다 ) 체력을향상시키기위한근력운동은유산소성운동과마찬가지로운동강도의결정시부하설정과조절을적절히할때트레이닝의기대효과를달성할수있게된다. 3,18) 근력운동이대부분의사람들에게서근체력트레이닝을위해권장되고있고, 6,19,20) 이에관한연구들도활발히진행되고있는실정이다. 하지만그동안진행되어온저항운동강도에관한대부분의연구들은운동강도뿐아니라운동량에도차이가있어그에따른결과들이운동강도에따른차이인지운동량에따른차이인지불분명하다고할수있다. 따라서본연구는운동목적에따라요구되는저항운동의적절한중재를위해성인남성을대상으로저항운동의총운동량과 set 간휴식시간을일정하게유지한상태에서저항운동강도에따른스트레스호르몬과젖산의농도변화를분석하고자한다. 1. 연구대상 연구방법 본연구의대상은본실험에서제시되는운동을완수할수있는신체적능력을갖추고의학적인문제가없는서울소재 S 대학교와 K 대학교에재학중인체육관련학과남학생 9 명으로하였다. 연구대상자들은연구의목적및취지를충분 163

3 [ 저항운동강도가스트레스호르몬과젖산반응에미치는영향 ] 히이해하고피험자로동의하였다. 피험자의신체적특징은 Table 1과같다. Table 1. The characteristics of subjects. subjects Age Height Weight percent (years) (cm) (kg) fat(%) n= ±3.56 ±4.46 ±8.97 ± 실험방법 Exercise career(years) 6.11 ±3.58 1) 사전검사등장성최대근력 (1 RM) 검사는 Techno Gym 社의 weight machine 6종 (Knee Extension, Knee Flexion, Abdominal, Back Extension, Chest Press, Lat Pull Down) 을사용하였다. 각부위별 1RM의측정방법은 Kraemer 와 Fry 21) 의 1RM 측정방법을이용하여다음과같이실시하였다. 먼저피험자를각장비에앉히고각관절을장비의축에일치하도록조정하였다. 예상되는최대근력의 40-60% 강도로 5회에서 10회반복하도록하였다. 1분간휴식후스트레칭을실시한다음 60-80% 강도로 3회에서 5회반복하고피험자가최대근력을발휘할수있도록무게를일정량증가시켰다. 한번성공하면 3분에서 5분간휴식을취하고다음시도를준비하도록하였다. 이러한방법으로피험자가들어올릴수없을때까지실시하며, 3번에서 5번이내에서최대근력을산출토록하였다. 1RM 측정후 1RM의 40%, 60%, 80% 에해당하는무게를각각산출하였다. 각장비들의 1RM 평균과표준편차는 Table 2와같다. Table 2. The means and standard deviation of 1 RM (unit: kg ) Machine 1RM Machine 1RM Back Knee Extension 75 ± ± 9.50 Extension Knee Flexion 61.67±10.90 Chest Press 69.44±12.61 Abdominal Clunch 54.44±10.14 values are mean±sd Lat Pull Down 65 ± ) 본실험 (1) 운동프로토콜검사를위한혈액분석의기초자료를확보하기위해피험자는실험하루전부터음주를금하며과도한신체활동및비일상적인사회활동에참여하지못하도록하였다. 피험자는실험전날오후 9시이후에는음식섭취를금하여 12시간이상공복을유지하도록하고, 평상시와동일한수면시간을갖 도록하였으며실험당일에는흡연을금하도록하였다. 실험절차는 Table 3에서나타난바와같다. 피험자들은측정당일 08시에서 09시사이에실험실에도착하여 30분간안정을취한후안정시채혈을실시하였다. 안정시채혈후준비운동으로스트레칭체조를 10분간실시하고트레드밀에서최대예측심박수의 40 60% 강도로 5분간빠르게걷기를실시하였다. 저항운동전각장비별로 1RM을재측정후저항운동강도 40% 에서반복횟수 20회, 3 set를 circuit training 으로실시하였다. 각장비간휴식시간은 20~40초로하였고, set간휴식시간은 1분으로하였다. 1RM의 40% 에서 1차실험후 1주가경과한뒤에이와동일한방법으로 2차실험을 1RM의 60% 에서반복 13회, 3 set 를실시하였으며, 그로부터다시 1주경과후 3차실험을 1 RM의 80% 에서반복 10회, 3 set를실시하였다. 모든운동에서총운동량은약 39,000J로유사하게설정하였다 (Table 4). Table 3. The process of testing. -60min -30min -15min -5min 20-40min Lab. arrival and resting Blood sampling Stretching Brisk walking 1st: 40% of 1 RM 20Rep. 3set 2nd: 60% of 1 RM 13Rep. 3set 3rd: 80% of 1 RM 10Rep. 3set Post exercise Blood sampling Recovery 30min Blood sampling Table 4. The means and standard deviation of total work by resistance exercise intensity.* Exercise Intensity 40% of 1 RM 60% of 1 RM 80% of 1 RM Repetition Total work (J) 39,347±5, ,188.11±4, ,126.92±4, * Values are mean±sd. Work(J) = Weight( kg ) Repetitions Sets 9.8 Vertical distance (m); Total work : Sum of the six portions' work(j) (2) 채혈및분석채혈은각실험당총 3회에걸쳐실시하였는데, 1차채혈은실험당일 12시간공복을유지한상태에서 08시30분에서 09시 30분사이에좌측상완정맥에서안정시의채혈을실시하고 2차는저항운동직후, 3차는운동종료후회복기 30분에실시하였다. 매채혈은약 12ml씩채취하였으며, 이중 5 ml는 CBC vacutaner에, 2ml는 sodium fluoride potassium oxalate가첨가된 vacutaner에주입후각각원심분리기를사용하여 3,000RPM으로 10분간원심분리를실시하였다. 혈장분 164

4 [The Responses of Catecholamine and Lactate on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities] 리후냉동처리하여 N제약회사혈액분석실로운반하여의뢰하였다. 3. 자료처리본연구를위한자료처리방법은 SPSS 통계프로그램 (version 10.0) 을이용하여다음과같이분석하였다. 1) 각각의저항운동강도에따른혈중카테콜라민과젖산의농도를분석하기위하여안정시, 저항운동직후, 회복기 30분의평균과표준편차를산출하였다. 2) 저항운동강도에따른안정시, 저항운동직후, 회복기 30분의혈중카테콜라민과젖산의농도차이를알아보기위하여 two-way repeated ANOVA 를하였으며, 구체적인검증을위하여 one-way ANOVA 를실시하였다. 유의한차이에대해서는사후비교방법으로 Tukey법을사용하였다. 3) 모든자료에대한통계적유의수준은 α=.05로설정하였다. 연구결과본연구는성인남성을대상으로저항운동의총운동량과세트간휴식시간을일정하게유지한상태에서저항운동강도를 1RM의 40%, 60%, 80% 로달리한상태로운동을수행하였다. 저항운동강도에따라근비대와지방대사및식욕에관련된호르몬의농도변화즉신경내분비계의반응을분석하기위한연구로결과는다음과같다. 1. 저항운동강도에따른에피네프린의반응다양한강도의저항운동에대한에피네프린의반응은 Table 5와 Figure 1과같이나타났다. 에피네프린의반응에대한운동강도간과시간경과별에대한반복분산분석을실시한결과는 Table 6과같다. Table 6에서나타난바와같이각강도에따른에피네프린의반복분산분석은유의한차이가나타나지않았으나, 시간경과별간에서는유의한 (F(2, 48)=35.38, p<0.0001) 차이를보였고, 강도및시간경과별에대한교호작용효과는없는것으로나타났다. 2. 저항운동강도에따른노르에피네프린의반응다양한강도의저항운동에대한노르에피네프린의반응은 Table 5. The means and standard deviation of epinephrine by acute resistance exercise on various intensities.* (unit: pg/ ml ) Exercise Intensity Pre Post Rec 40% 27.57± ± ± % 22.87± ± ± % 25.37± ± ±14.38 * Values are mean±sd Epinephrine (pg/ml) *** Pre Post Rec 40% 60% 80% Figure 1. The responses of epinephrine concentration according to acute resistance exercise on various intensities.* * differences among the times(*** p<0.001) Table 6. The result of two-way repeated ANOVA on responses of epinephrine concentration.* Source df SS MS F Pr>f Intensity Error Time Intensity*Time Error * differences among the times ; : p<0.001 Table 7과 Figure 2 같이나타났다. 노르에피네프린반응에대한운동강도간과시간경과별에대한반복분산분석을실시한결과는 Table 8과같다. Table 8에서나타난바와같이각강도에따른노르에피네프린의반복분산분석은유의한 (F(2, 24)= 11.09, p<0.001) 차이가나타났으며, 시간경과별에서도유의한 (F(2, 48)=65.49, p <0.0001) 차이를보였고, 강도및시간경과별에대한교호작용효과도유의하게 (F(4, 48)=9.68, p<0.0001) 나타났으나상호작용의실제적의의 (practical significance) 를검토한결과운동강도와시점간의상호작용효과는없었다. 시간경과별에서운동강도간의유의한차이에대한구체적인일원변량분석결과는 Table 9와같다. 165

5 [ 저항운동강도가스트레스호르몬과젖산반응에미치는영향 ] Table 7. The means and standard deviation of norepinephrine by acute resistance exercise on various intensities.* (unit: pg/ ml ) Exercise Intensity Pre Post Rec 40% ± ± ± % ± ± ± % ± ± ± * Values are mean±sd Norepinephrine (pg/ml) Table 9. The result of one-way repeated ANOVA on responses of norepinephrine concentration following time course by resistance exercise.* Item Source df SS MS F Pr>f Post-hoc Intensity Pre Error H M L Post Intensity Error H M L Rec Intensity Error H L M * : differences among the intensities( p<0.001) H : High intensity(80% of 1RM), M: Moderate intensity(60% of 1RM), L: Low intensity(40% of 1RM) *** Pre Post Rec 40% 60% 80% Figure 2. The responses of norepinephrine concentra- tion according to acute resistance exercise on various intensities. * : differences among the times(*** p<0.001) : differences among the intensities( p<0.001) Table 8. The result of two-way repeated ANOVA on responses of norepinephrine concentration.* Source df SS MS F Pr>f Intensity Error Time *** Intensity*Time *** Error * differences among the times(*** p<0.001) differences among the intensities( p<0.001) 3. 저항운동강도에따른젖산의반응 다양한강도의저항운동에대한젖산의반응은 Table 10과 Figure 3과같다. 젖산반응에대한운동강도간과시간경과별에대한반복분산분석을실시한결과는 Table 11과같다. Table 11에서나타난바와같이각강도에따른젖산의반복분산분석은유의한 (F(2, 24)=538.28, p<0.05) 차이가나타났으며, 시간경과별에서도유의한 (F(2, 48)=351.88, p<0.0001) 차이를보였고, 강도및시간강도별에대한교호작용효과는없는것으로나타났다. 시간경과별에서운동강도간의유의한차이에대한구체적인일원변량분석결과는 Table 12와같다. Table 10. The means and standard deviation of lactate by acute resistance exercise on various intensities.* (unit: mg / dl ) Exercise Intensity Pre Post Rec 40% 8.06± ± ± % 8.17± ± ± % 8.43± ± ±19.16 * values are mean±sd ; conversion factor 1 mg / dl = m mol /l Lactate (mg/dl) *** Pre Post Rec 40% 60% 80% Figure 3. The responses of lactate concentration according to acute resistance exercise on various intensities.* * differences among the times(*** p<0.001) differences among the intensities( p<0.05,) Table 11. The result of two-way repeated ANOVA on responses of lactate concentration.* Source df SS MS F Pr>f Intensity Error Time *** Intensity*Time Error * differences among the times(*** p<0.001) differences among the intensities( p<0.05) 166

6 [The Responses of Catecholamine and Lactate on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities] Table 12. The result of one-way repeated ANOVA on responses of lactate concentration following time course by resistance exercise. Item Source df SS MS F Pr>f Post-hoc Intensity Pre Error H M L Post Intensity Error H M L Rec Intensity Error H M L : differences among the intensities( p<0.05) ; H : High intensity (80% of 1 RM), M : Moderate intensity(60% of 1 RM), L : Low intensity (40% of 1 RM) 고찰 1. 저항운동이카테콜라민의농도에미치는영향 스트레스호르몬중카테콜라민은운동강도, 운동시간과환경온도의변화에의해분비량의변화를나타내며심박수, 심장수축력증가및간과근육의글리코겐의분해를촉진하고혈중으로포도당과지방산을방출하는기능수행등생리적조절에있어중요한역할을한다. 카테콜라민중노르에피네프린는부신수질로부터방출되어심장과뇌를제외한모든기관에서혈관을수축시켜말초저항을증가시키며, 에피네프린은교감신경계종말로부터방출되어말초혈관을이완시켜말초저항을감소시키는역할을한다. 22) 운동과카테콜라민에대한선행연구들을살펴보면운동강도및스트레스자극정도에따라카테콜라민수준은비례적으로증가하며, 23,24) 동맥내혈장노르에피네프린와에피네프린수준은동적운동뿐만아니라정적운동시에도시간과운동강도증가에따라직선적으로증가하며노르에피네프린은낮은부하의운동강도에서도에피네프린보다현저하게증가한다고제시하였다. 25) 본연구에서도 Pullinen 등 10) 의연구결과와같이저항성운동시카테콜라민의수준이현저히증가하는경향을보였으며, 더욱이운동강도가증가함에따라노르에피네프린의증가도각강도에서유의한차이를보이며증가하였다. 이는저항운동의강도가증가함에따라비례적으로발현되는노르에피네프린에의해야기되는말초혈관의수축은저항운동시발생할수있는 valsalvar maneuver 와같은운동중혈압을과도하게증가시킬수있는원인으로생각되어진다. 혈중젖산농도는근육내의무산소적에너지시스템의동 원정도를추측하게해주는척도로사용된다. 젖산의축적은근피로와근통증, 산소부채를유발하는주요인으로단일세트의운동보다점증적인다중세트의운동시상대적으로높은혈중젖산농도를보였다고보고하였는데이러한결과는다중세트의운동시근육의글리코겐사용이더욱증가되었기때문인것으로해석하였다. 26,27) 휴식시근육과혈액내에축적되어있는젖산의농도는약 1.1 mmol/l 이며, 최대산소섭취량수준의 40% 강도로운동을할때까지변화를보이지않다가, 그이상으로높아짐에따라축적량이점차증가하며일정한지점에이르러서는급격히증가된다. 점증적운동부하에따른젖산농도의축적양상은근육의수소이온 (H + ) 의증가, ph 농도의감소, 세포의산성도가증가하여효소활동의억제를유발하며, 근수축작용의저하를가져와근피로에의한운동능력의장애요인으로작용한다. 28) 운동중 4 mmol/l 이상의젖산이축적되면간에서의젖산흡수력이감소하고혈액내의젖산축적이급속도로증가하기시작하여젖산함량이높아지면근피로의원인이되어운동을중지하게되거나강도를감소시키게된다. 29) 김영표와이계영 28) 의연구에의하면 3set를실시한 circuit weight training에서강도에따른혈중젖산농도는 1RM의 40% 와 60% 의운동강도에서 2set에각각 4.89±0.82 mmol/l, 5.89±0.71 mmol/l, 3set에 6.02±0.79 mmol/l, 7.21 mmol/l 로 2 set부터 4 mmol/l 이상의젖산이축적되었으며, set수의증가에따라젖산의축적이유의하게증가하였고, 운동강도가높을수록혈중젖산의축적도증가하는경향을보였다. 본연구에서도 set 간휴식시간과총운동량이동일한상태에서저항운동강도가증가함에따라혈중젖산농도가유의한차이를보이며증가하는경향을보여선행연구들과일치하는결과를보였다. 이는저항운동강도의증가가무산소성에너지대사과정을더많이동원하므로발생하는것이라할수있다. 1RM의 40%, 60%, 80% 의저항운동에따른근비대관련호르몬의반응을분석한유재현등 30) 은운동강도에차이없이운동직후근비대관련호르몬의유의한증가를보였다고한다. 이에본연구와유재현등 30) 의연구를종합해볼때운동량이 30,000J 이상인운동에서는근질량관련호르몬의증가를강도에차이없이유발시키나운동강도의증가에따라비례적으로동원된무산소성에너지대사과정에의해피로물질인젖산의축적이많아지므로운동후피로회복의차원에서고강도저항운동보다저강도의저항운동으로실시하는것이근비대관련호르몬의환경을유사하게제공하면서피로에관 167

7 [ 저항운동강도가스트레스호르몬과젖산반응에미치는영향 ] 련하여장점을제공한다고할수있다. 최근유재현등 31) 은저항운동강도에따른 leptin의반응연구에서 1RM의 40% 와 80% 로실시한운동에서 leptin이감소한것에반해 1RM의 60% 로실시한운동에서는 leptin 수준이증가하는경향을보여운동후식욕을덜자극할것이므로예측하여체중조절을위한근력운동의경우운동강도를 1 RM의 60% 로권장하였다. 본연구에서는운동강도가증가함에따라말초혈관수축물질인노르에피네프린과피로물질인젖산이유의하게증가하였다. 따라서고혈압이나심질환자, 고령자의경우, 근력향상이나근비대를목적으로한다할지라도저강도의많은반복횟수가안전성을제공하면서운동목적을달성할수있을것으로판단된다. 차후연구에서는연구대상을달리한다거나저항운동강도별로운동직후혈압과피로에대한자각인지정도를파악하여본연구를보완하는것도의미있을것으로생각한다. 참고문헌 1. Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA. Fundamentals of resistance training: Progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(4): Hunter GR, McCarthy JP, Bamman MM. Effects of resistance training on older adults. Sports Medicine 2004;34(5): ACSM. ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription(6th Ed.). Lipponcott Williams and Wilkins: Philadelphia Maddalozzo GF, Snow CM. High intensity resistance training: Effects of bone in older men and women. Calcif Tissue Int, 2000;66: Jeffrey TL, Frederick MI, Alice SR, Greg FM, Diane EH, Jeffrey EM, et al. Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate and physical activity: age and gender comparisons. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2001;33(4): Smilios I, Pilianidis T, Karamouzis M, Tokmakidis SP. Hormonal responses after various resistance exercise protocols. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35(4): Fleck SJ. Kraemer WJ. Adaptations to resistance training, in: Designing Resistance Training Programs(2nd Ed) Champaign, IL, Human Kinetics 1997; Kraemer WJ, Dziados JE, Marchitelli LJ, Gordon SE, Harman EA, Mello R, et al. Effects of different heavy-resistance exercise protocols on plasma βendorphin concentrations. J Appl Physiol 1993;74(1): Tomas RB, Roger WE. Essentials of strength training and conditioning(2nd Ed). Human kinetics Pullinen T, Mero A, Pakarinen P, Komi, PV. Resistance exercise-induced hormonal responses in men, women, and pubescent boys. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;34(5): Weltman AC, Pritzlaff CJ, Wideman L, Considine RV, Fryburg DA, Gutgesell ME, et al. Intensity of acute exercise does not affect serum leptin concentrations in young men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000;32(9): Kraemer WJ, Patton JF, Knuttgen HG, Hannan CJ, Kittler T, Gordon S, et al. The effects of high intensity cycle exercise on sympatho-adrenal medullary response patterns. J Appl Physiol 1991b;70: Kraemer WJ, Noble BJ, Clark MJ, Culver BW. hysiologic responses to heavy-resistance exercise with very short rest periods. Int J Sports Med 1987;8: 김성수, 유재현, 심영제, 이철원, 지용석, 유광욱등. 슬관절등장성최대근력과등속성최대회전력간의비교연구. 한국사회체육학회지 2002;18: Fiatarone MA, Marks EC, Ryan ND. High-intensity strength training in nonagenarians. JAMA 1990;263(22): Rogers MA, Evans WJ. Change in skeletal muscle with aging: Effect of exercise training. Exer Sports Sci Res 1993;21: Schultz AB. Mobidity impairment in the elderly: Challenges for biomechanics research. J Biomechanics 1992;25(5): Deschenes MR, Kraemer WJ. Performance and physiologic adaptations to resistance training. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81(Suppl):S3-S ACSM. Position stand: progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2002;32: Feigenbaum MS, Pollock ML. Prescription of resistance training for health and disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31: Kraemer WJ, Fry AC. Strength testing: Development and evaluation of methodology. In V. H. Heyward., Advanced fitness assessment & exercise prescription (3th Ed.). champaign, 168

8 [The Responses of Catecholamine and Lactate on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities] IL: Human Kinetics 강두희. 생리학. 신광출판사. 서울 Favier RJ. Catecholamines and metabolic responses to submaximal exercise in untrained man and women. Eur J Appli Physiology 1983;50: Lehmann M. Time and intensity dependent catecholamine responses during graduated exercise as an indicator of fatigue and exhaustion. Biochemical Exercise 1982;13: Galbo H, Houston ME, Christensen NJ, Holst JJ, Nielsen B, Nygaard E, et al. The effect of water temperature on the hormonal response to prolonged swimming. ACTA Physiologica Scandinavia 1979;105(3): 장용수, 강호율. 저항성운동시운동량의차이가혈중성장호르몬, 테스토스테론, 코티졸의분비에미치는영향. 한국체육학회지 2003;42(2): Gladden LB. The role of skeletal muscle in lactate exchange during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exer(Symposium) 2000; 김영표, 이계영. 써키트웨이트트레이닝운동강도가혈중젖산, 글루코스및운동자각도에미치는영향. 대한스포츠의학회지 1999;17(1): Stegmann H, Kindermann W. Comparison of prolonged exercise test at the individual anaerobic threshold and the fixed anaerobic threshold of 4mMol/l lactate. Int J Sports Med 1982;3(2): 유재현, 김성수, 김명기, 윤성진, 김은경, 이은경등. 다양한저항운동이 Testostrone, growth hormone, IGF-1, cortisol 반응에미치는영향. 한국체육학회지 2004;43(3): 유재현, 김은경, 유광욱. 저항운동강도에따른 leptin의반응. 운동과학 2004;13(2):

9 Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev Vol. 4, No. 3, 2004 [Abstract] The Responses of Catecholamine and Lactate on Resistance Exercise of Various Intensities Jae-Hyun Yoo, Hee-Nam Choi 1) Research Institute of Sports Science, Korea University, Sogang University 1) Background Methods Results Conclusions Key words Resistance exercise has been one of the major potent stimulus to the neuromuscular system. Based on the specific program design, resistance training has been reported to enhance strength, power, or local muscular endurance. However, the scientific basis of the exercise intensity has not been enough to manifest about several hormone(e.g. anabolic, catabolic or appetite hormone). So, the purpose of this study was to define that the responses of catecholamine and lactate after resistance exercise of high level intensity(hi), moderate level intensity(mi), and low level intensity(li). The subjects for this study were 9 men(age: 25.4±3.56 yrs.; height: 175.6±4.46 cm; weight: 71.6±8.97 kg) who didn't have history of cardiopulmonary diseases and medical problems. They performed the circuit resistance training using HI(10reps at 80% of one-repetition maximum(1 RM), 1 min rest), MI(13 reps at 60% of 1 RM, 1 min rest), and LI(20 reps at 40% of 1 RM, 1 min rest) protocols with 3 sets. Approximately, total exercise volume was 39,000J on all of the exercise protocols. The concentrations of stress hormone and lactate was measured at three different times: pre, post and recovery thirty minutes of the exercise. For the data, all of the measurements were represented by mean and standard deviation using SPSS statistical package(version 10.0). The statistical techniques for data analysis were two-way repeated ANOVA to determine the differences between each intensity and each time. One-way ANOVA was used to the specific analysis of exercise intensity. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses of the study. The results of this study were shown as follows: The catecholamine was increased in proportion to the resistance exercise intensity. Moreover, norepinephrine was significantly remarkably increased than epinephrine was. Significantly, the lactate was increased in proportion to the resistance exercise intensity. Whereas, free fat acid was decreased after resistance exercise. The results of this study suggested that LI resistance exercise training could contribute to safety more than MI or HI resistance exercise could. In other words, relatively lower resistance of exercise intensity would decreased injury ratio, fatigue, and prevented to the excessive increment of blood pressure. (Korean J Health Promot Dis Prev 2004 ; 3 :162~170) Resistance training, exercise intensity, Stress hormone 8 Address for correspondence : Hee-Nam Choi Sogang University T e l : heenam2@hanmail.net 170

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong

Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling