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1 농약과학회지 (Korean J. Pestic. Sci.) Vol. 19, No. 3, pp (2015) Open Access Online ISSN Print ISSN ORIGINAL ARTICLES / CONTROL 고추풋마름병에대한살균제의방제효과 이수민 1 곽연수 1 이경희 2 김흥태 1 * 1 충북대학교농업생명환경대학식물의학과, 2 충북농업기술원친환경연구과 Control Efficacy of Fungicides on Pepper Bacterial Wilt Soo Min Lee 1, Yeon Soo Kwak 1, Kyeong Hee Lee 2 and Heung Tae Kim 1 * 1 Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju , Chungbuk, Korea 2 Environment-Friendly Research Division, Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Cheongju , Chungbuk, Korea (Received on August 25, Revised on September 8, Accepted on September 18, 2015) Abstract Control efficacy was investigated with fungicides as 3 copper compound, 3 antibiotic fungicides and one fungicide containing to quinolone against the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum on NA medium and the disease occurrence on pepper seedlings. Among 7 fungicides, oxytetracycline was shown the highest activity against a growth of the pathogen in the agar diffusion method, but validamycin showed no activity against the pathogen. With 1000 µg ml 1 of each copper fungicide as copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride+ dithianone and copper sulfate, 2.2, 1.3 and 1.5 mm in size of clear zone only could be found, respectively. In pepper seedling test, oxytetracycline showed a perfect activity in all treatments 7 days after inoculation. However, its activity was decreased from 500 µg ml 1 of treatment over the time. Copper fungicides showed the control efficacy lower than antibiotic fungicides except for validamycin. Based on the results, it was suggested that it would be better to use antibiotic fungicides than copper fungicides to control pepper bacterial wilt in the fields. Key words Pepper bacterial wilt, antibiotic fungicide, oxytetracycline 서 언 고추, 토마토, 감자, 가지등의풋마름병은농산물을수확하기전에식물체에서시들음증상이일어나고결국고사하여죽게되기때문에많은경제적손실을일으키는식물병으로적극적인방제가필요하다 (Jeong et al., 2007; Yun et al., 2004). 따라서포장에서고추와토마토풋마름병을방제하기위해서여러가지의경종적또는생물적, 화학적방법등이적극적으로연구되고있다. 풋마름병에대한저항성품종은지리, 기후, 병원균, 토양상태등에따라서영향을받는경우가많은데, 일본에서선발한말레이지아계통인 LS2341은풋마름병에대해서강한저항성을가지고있어품종육종의좋은재료가될수있으나, 아직까지포장에 *Corresponding author htkim@cbnu.ac.kr 서사용할수있는품종으로개발되지는않았다 (Mimura와 Yoshikawa, 2009). 토마토풋마름병을방제하기위한경종적방제방법으로비기주식물인 cowpea를토마토와혼작할경우 cowpea의뿌리가토양중에서병원균의전파를방지하여병을방지할수있었다 (Michel et al., 1997). 하지만이결과는실험한포장에따라서병원균밀도의감소와병방제효과가나타나지않았던포장도있었기때문에일반적인방제방법으로적용하기에는어려움이있다. 항생물질을분비하는것으로알려진 Streptomyces philanthi RL 은고추균핵병과풋마름병모두에효과를보였지만, 풋마름병에대한효과가 58.8% 로약간미미하였다 (Boukaew et al., 2011). Lee 등 (2012) 은 6종의식물정유를사용하여실험한결과 0.01% 클로버오일을고추에처리하였을때약해도나타나지않았을뿐만아니라, 처리후 5일까지도방제효과가지속되었다고보고하였다. 하지만이방법은포장에서의효과검정을거쳐야하는단계가남아있다. 식물 323

2 324 이수민 곽연수 이경희 김흥태 정유인 thymol을토양처리제로사용하여풋마름병을방제하기도하였다. 하지만 thymol을처리하고 6일동안은처리한토양전체를비닐필름으로멀칭해야하기때문에넓은면적의포장에적용하기가어려운단점이있다 (Ji et al., 2005). 또한풋마름병이토양병이기때문에살균제를사용하는것도한계가있다. 국내에서풋마름병방제살균제로등록되어있는것은토양소독제로사용되어있는 dazomat 한종류밖에없다. 그런데최근고추역병에대한저항성품종이실용화되면서대부분의포장에서역병저항성품종을재배하기때문에, 고추포장에서발견되는시들음증상의원인이풋마름병균인경우가날로증가하고있다. 또한풋마름병균은토양에서수년간생존이가능하기때문에적시에적절한방법으로방제하지않으면피해가계속증가될것으로예상된다. 하지만농가현장에서사용할살균제가토양소독제외에는전혀등록되어있지않기때문에, 풋마름병이발생하였을때시급히사용할살균제를찾고자하여도선발할수없는실정이다. 따라서본실험에서는풋마르병균이세균임을감안하여이미세균점무늬병의방제약제로등록되어있는살균제중에서동제를비롯하여항생물질계통의살균제와기타다른세균병방제용으로등록되어있는살균제등을선발하여배지상에서병원균에대한생장억제실험과고추유묘를이용한온실실험을통하여방제효과가있는살균제를선발하여포장에서사용가능성을제공하고자하였다. 재료및방법 실험에사용한병원균과고추품종실험에는풋마름병균인 Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 을서울대학교에서분양받아사용하였다. 고추품종은왕대박을사용하였으며, 최아시킨종자를연결포트육묘판 (50 공, 포트의크기 ; cm( 가로 / 세로 / 높이 )) 에파종하고온실에서 6엽기까지재배하여실험에사용하였다. 실험에사용한살균제실험에는동살균제로알려진 copper hydroxide (a.i. 77%, WP), copper oxychloride+dithianone (a.i. 42%+13%, WP), copper sulfate (a.i. 58%, WP) 등 3종과항생물질계살균제인 oxytetracycline (a.i. 17%, WP), kasugamycin (a.i. 10%, WP), validamycin A (a.i. 5%, WP) 등 3종, 그리고세균병방제에사용하는 oxolinic acid (a.i. 20%, WP) 등총 7종의살균제를선발하여실험하였다. 배지상에서의생장억제실험실험에사용한살균제가병원균의생장에미치는억제효과는중층배지위에서 paper disc 확산법을이용하여조사하 였다. 세척한병원균의현탁액을 1.5% agar 를첨가한 NA 배지에 1/10 로희석하여첨가하였다. 병원균을첨가한 NA 배지는 2% 의물한천배지위에부어중층의배지를준비하였다. 각살균제는 8.0, 40.0, 200.0, µg ml 1 로농도를조절한후에멸균한 paper disc ( 직경 ; 6 mm) 에 25 µl씩점적처리하고무균상안에서풍건하였다. 살균제를농도별로처리한 paper disc는병원균을접종하여만든중층배지위에올려놓고, 병원균을 28 o C에서배양하며 48시간후에형성된 clear zone을관찰하고직경을조사하였다. 접종원준비유묘검정을위한접종원준비를위해서 4 o C에서보관하던병원균을 NB 배지에접종하여 28 o C에서 2일간배양하였다. 배양한병원균의단콜로니를다시 28 o C의 TTC 액체배지 (peptone; 10 g, dextrose; 5 g, 살균증류수 ; 1 L, 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium; 5 g( 멸균후배지에첨가 )) 에서 3일간진탕배양한후 3,000 g로원심분리하여수확하였다. 병원균은다시살균증류수를붓고 3,000 g로 2회더원심분리하여배지를세척한후접종원으로사용하였다. 접종원현탁액에서병원균밀도는 600 nm에서흡광도를 1.0으로조절하여사용하였다. 유묘를이용한병방제실험온실에서 6엽기까지재배한왕대박품종을사용하였다. 고추유묘한주당인위적으로뿌리부위 3곳에송곳 ( 두께 ; 2mm, 깊이 ; 2 cm) 으로상처를내고, 준비한살균제용액을 5mL 씩관주처리하였다. 이때살균제는 31.2, 125.0, 500.0, µg ml 1 의농도로조절하여처리하였다. 살균제를처리하고 1시간후에미리준비한병원균의현탁액을 5mL 씩토양에관주하여접종하였다. 접종한고추유묘는 80% 이상으로습도를조절하는 30 o C의항온조건에서 12시간간격으로광암처리하며발병을유도하였다. 각처리는완전임의배치 3반복으로배치하였으며, 각반복은 5개의포트를사용하였다. 발병정도는병원균을접종하고 7일과 14일후에발병도를조사하였다. 병발생은 Table 1과같은발병지수로조사한후에발병도를계산하였다 (Mimura et al., 2009). Table 1. Disease index used in this study Index Symptoms 0 : there was no visible wilting symptom 1 : one leaf per a pepper seedling was wilted 2 : most leaves in a pepper seedling were wilted all leaves were wilted in a pepper seedling, but seedlings 3 : survived 4 : the stem of wilted seedlings collapsed, resulting in death

3 고추풋마름병에대한살균제의방제효과 325 Fig. 1. Inhibiting efficacy of fungicides on the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum causing pepper bacterial wilt on NA medium. Diameter of clear zone was measured 48 hrs after inoculation with the pathogen into NA medium. 결과및고찰 병원균생장억제효과 Paper disc 확산법을이용하여살균제가병원균의생육에미치는효과는살균제를처리하고 48시간후에조사하였다 (Fig. 1). 실험에사용한 3종의동살균제인 copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride+dithianone, copper sulfate 등은 1000 µg ml 1 의처리구에서만 2.19, 1.30, 1.48 mm의 clear zone 이나타났을뿐큰효과를보이지않았다. 항생물질계살균제에서도 validamycine A는모든처리구에서전혀병원균의생육을억제하지못하였으며, kasugamycin은 200과 1000 µg ml 1 처리구에서각각 2.22와 5.55 mm의 clear zone이나타났을뿐이었다. Oxytetracycline은실험한살균제중에서가장우수한억제효과를보였는데, 8.0, 40, 200, 1000 µg ml 1 처리구에서나타난 clear zone의크기가각각 0.91, 5.26, 9.35, mm이었다. 이 clear zone은 24시간보다는 48시간배양후에더욱뚜렷하게나타났다. Oxolinic acid는 40, 200, 1000 µg ml 1 처리구에서 1.58, 4.24, 5.80 mm의 clear zone이형성되었는데, 이 clear zone은배양시간이길어짐에따라서희미해졌다. 고추유묘에서의병방제효과 풋마름병에대한유묘검정은대부분유묘에서토양을제거하고상처를낸후병원균을접종한다음, 새로운포트에이식하여병발생정도를조사하였다 (Lemessa and Zeller, 2007). 하지만대량의유묘를가지고살균제의효과또는병 원균에대한저항성정도를검정하고자할때에는, 시간과노동력이많이필요하기때문에기존의방법을개선해야한다. 따라서병발생조건은기존의방법과동일하게하며, 유묘를이식하지않고재배한상태에서뿌리부위에상처를내고병원균의현탁액을토양에관주하여접종하는방법으로개선하여실험하였다. 살균제무처리구의유묘에서는병원균을접종하고 7일후부터 80% 이상의발병률을보였으며, 3가지형태의시들음증상을보였다. 각병징은줄기중간이홀쭉해지고상위엽부터시들며전체적으로고사하는병징, 줄기의지제부가갈변하고유묘가전체적으로시들어고사하는병징그리고줄기부위는정상적으로보이지만유묘의선단부위잎부터시들며시들음증상이아래로내려오기시작하는병징등으로구별되었다. 처리한살균제의효과를조사한결과, oxytetracycline은 7 일후까지는모든처리농도에서시들음증상을보이는고추유묘가전혀관찰되지않아 100% 의방제효과를보였으며, kasugamycin은 500 µg/ml 처리구에서 100%, 125 µg/ ml 처리구에서 66.7% 의방제효과를보였다 (Fig. 2). Oxytetracycline은 tetracycline계에속하는방선균이생산하는항생물질로서 1948년에처음발견되었으며, 그람양성과그람음성세균모두에효과가있는것으로알려져있다 (Roberts, 2003). Tetracycline계항생물질은리보솜의 30S 소단위에부착하여 aminoacylated-rna가 A-site에부착하는것을방해하기때문에결국단백질합성을저해하여병원세균의생장을억제한다 (Chopra and Roberts, 2001; Zakeri and Wright, 2008). 하지만다양한저항성기작을지닌세균이보고되기시작하였으며 (Zakeri and Wright, 2008; Ball et al., 1980; Burdett, 1991; Yang et al., 2004; Ross et al., 1998) 이런저항성유전인자는 plasmid 또는 transposon 등에존재하며다른속의세균간에도수평적인유전인자의이동이가능하여다양한세균에서저항성발현이보고되었다 (Akinbowale et al., 2007). 본실험의결과, oxytetracyclne은 R. solanacearum의생장억제뿐만아니라, 실험한모든살균제중에서고추에서의발병까지도가장효과적으로방제할수있는살균제이었다. 하지만이미다양한기작을통하여저항성균이발현되고있으며, 이런저항성균은서로다른속간에도수평적으로이동할수있기때문에포장에서의저항성발현을모니터링하며사용하여야할것으로생각한다. Kasugamycin은 Streptomyces kasugaensis가생성하는항생물질로서, 1960년대벼도열병방제를위해개발된농업용항생물질계살균제로개발되었다 (Umezawa et al., 1965). Oxytetracycline과는다른작용기작으로병원균을억제하는데, 병원균에서 aminoacyl-trna가리보솜에부착하는것을억제하여단백질합성을억제하는살균제이다 (Tanaka et al., 1966). 이미식물병원진균과더불어 Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas 등과같은식물병원세균에대해서도발병억제효과

4 326 이수민 곽연수 이경희 김흥태 Fig. 2. Control efficacy of fungicides against pepper bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Disease severity was investigated 7 (open square box) and 14 (closed square box) days after inoculation, following the disease index showing in Table 1. 가있음이보고되어있다 (Adaskaveg et a., 2011; Yamaguchi, 1998). 다만불마름병을방제하기위해서사과에처리하였을때, 처리하는농도에따라서꽃과잎이마르는약해현상이발생하였다 (Psallidas and Tsiantos, 2000). 본연구결과, kasugamycin은풋마름병균에대해직접적인생육억제효과뿐만아니라고추유묘에서도효과적으로방제하였다. 또한사과에서와는다르게 2000 µg ml 1 을토양관주처리하였을때에도고추유묘에대한약해는전혀발견되지않았다. 하지만다른항생물질계살균제인 validamycin A는병원균의생장을전혀억제하지못하였고, 2,000 µg/ml를고추유묘에관주처리하였을때조차 66.7% 의낮은효과를보였을뿐이었다. 하지만최근토마토에병원균을접종하기 7일전에 100 µg ml 1 의농도로경엽처리하였을때전신유도저항성이유도되어 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici에의해서발생하는덩굴쪼김병을방제하기때문에, 풋마름병에대해서도전신유도저항성발현을통한병방제효과를조사해볼필요가있다. Copper를함유하고있는 copper hydroxide, copper sulfate, copper oxychloride/dithianone 등은 2,000 µg/ml 처리구에서 85.2% 의방제효과를보였다. 동은보르도액에첨가되는내용물중의하나로아주오랜기간살균제로사용되어온무기화합물이다. 동이온은병원균포자내부로흡수되어단백질을변성시켜다양한효소의활성을억제함으로써병원균의생육을저해하기때문에, 동이온의수용해도가동살균제의효과에영향을미칠수있다 (Wain and Wilkinson, 1943). 하지만큐티클막을이용한 Venturia inaequalis에대한실험에서수용해도가낮은 copper hydroxide가수용해도가높은 copper sulfate보다높은효과를보이는것을보면 동살균제의효과가수용해도에만의존하는것은아니라고생각된다 (Montag et al., 2006). 또한 Fig. 1에서보는것과같이수용해도가다른세종류의동살균제가 1000 µg ml 1 처리구에서동등한효과를보여주고있었다. Oxolinic acid의경우 2,000 µg/ml 처리구에서 100% 의효과를, 500 µg/ml 처리구에서는 83.3% 의효과를보였다. Oxolinic acid는 1세대의 quinolone계항미생물제로서그람음성세균에의해서발생하는병을방제하는데사용되어왔다 (King et al., 2000). 본실험에서도병원균생육억제검정과온실에서실시한유묘검정에서도방제효과를보였으나, 그효과가살균제농도가감소하거나처리후시간이경과하면서빠르게감소하는단점이있기는하나, 포장검정을통해서병방제효과를조사할필요가있다고생각한다. 대부분의살균제들은처리하고 14일후에는효과가빠르게감소하였다. 각살균제의 500 µg/ml 처리구의효과를비교하여보면 kasugamycin에서 90.5% 의가장높은효과가나타났고, 7일후조사에서가장우수한효과를보였던 oxytetracycline에서도 71.4% 로감소하였다. 이상의결과에서보면기존의살균제중에서고추풋마름병균을방제하기적합한살균제는 oxytetracycline과 oxolinic acid 그리고 kasugamycin 등이라고생각한다. 하지만 oxytetracycline과 oxolinic acid는유묘검정결과, 처리후시간이경과함에따라서그효과가감소하기때문에포장에적용하였을때효과가지속될지에대해서는의문이남는다. 반면 kasugamycin의경우실내검정과유묘검정모두에서억제효과를확인하였으며, 500 µg ml 1 를처리하였을때처리후 14일까지도효과가지속되었기때문에 oxytetracycline 과 oxolinic acid보다는포장에서적용이용이할것으로생

5 고추풋마름병에대한살균제의방제효과 327 각한다. 또한포장에서살균제의효과를상승시키기위한방법중의하나로서로다른살균제의혼합처리를제안할수있다. 현재포장에서는풋마름병의발생이전국적으로증가하고있는실정이면서도마땅한방제의방법이제안되고있지않는현상황에서본실험을통하여선발된살균제의포장에서효과와다양한처리방법등에대한연구가필요한시점이아닌가생각한다. 감사의글 This study was supported by National Azenda Program (PJ009324) of Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Literature Cited Adaskaveg, J. E., H. Horster and M. L. Wade (2011) Effectiveness of kasugamycin against Erwinia amylovora and its potential use for managing fire blight of pear. Plant Dis. 95: Akinbowale, O. L., H. Peng and M. D. Barton (2007) Diversity of tetracycline resistance genes in bacteria from aquaculture sources in Australia. J. Appl. Microbiol. 103: Ball, P. R., S. W. Shales and I. Chopra (1980) Plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance in Escherichia coli involves increased efflux of the antibiotic. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 93: Boukaew, S., S. Chuenchit and V. Petcharat (2011) Evaluation of Streptomyces spp. for biological control of Sclerotium root and stem rot and Ralstonia wilt of chili pepper. BioControl 56: Burdett, V. (1991) Purification and characterization of Tet(M), a protein that renders ribosomes resistant to tetracycline. J. Biol. Chem. 266: Chopra, I. and M. Roberts (2001) Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbial. Mol. Biol. Rev. 65: Hayward, A. C. (1991) Biology and epidemiology of bacterial wilt caused by Pseudomonas solanacearum. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 29: Ishikawa, R., K. Shirouzu, H. Nakashita, H.-Y. Lee, T. Motoyama, I. Yamaguchi, T. Teraoka and T. Arie (2005) Foliar spray of validamycin A or validoxylamine A controls tomato Fusarium wilt. Phytopathology 95: Jeong, Y., J. Kim, Y. Kang, S. Lee and I. Hwang (2007) Genetic Diversity and Distribution of Korean Isolates of Ralstonia solanacearum. Plant Dis. 91: Ji, P., M. T. Momol, S. M. Olson, P. M. Pradhanang, and J. B. Jones (2005) Evaluation of Thymol as Biofumigant for Control of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Under Field Conditions. Plant Dis. 89: King, D. E., R. Malone and S. H. Lilley (2000) New classification and update on the quinolone antibiotics. Am. Fam. Physician 61: Lee, Y. H., C. W. Choi, S. H. Kim, J. G. Yun, S. W. Chang, Y. S. Kim and J. K. Hong (2012) Chemical pesticides and plant essential oils for disease control of tomato bacterial wilt. Plant Pathol. J. 28: Lemessa, F. and W. Zeller (2007) Pathogenic characterization of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum from Ethiopia and influence of plant age on susceptibility of hosts against R. solanacearum. J. Plant Dis. Protect. 114: Michel, V. V., J.-F. Wang, D. J. Midmore and G. L. Hartman (1997) Effect of intercropping and soil amendment with urea and calcium oxide on the incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato and survival of soil-borne Pseudomonas solanacearum in Taiwan. Palnt Pathol. 46: Mimura, Y., T. Kageyama, Y. Minamiyama and M. Hirai (2009) QTL analysis for resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum in Capsicum accession ''LS2341''. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 78: Mimura, Y. and M. Yoshikawa (2009) Pepper accession LS2341 is highly resistant to Ralstonia solanacearum strains from Japan. Hortscience 44: Montag, J., L. Schireiber and J. Schonherr (2006) An in vitro study on the postinfection activities of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate against conidia of Venturia inaequalis. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: Psallidas, P. G. and J. Tsiantos (2000) Chemical control of fire blight. Pages in: Fire blight. The disease and its causative agent, Erwinia amylovora. J. L. Vanneste, ed. CABI publishing, New York. Roberts, M. C. (2003) Tetracycline therapy: update. Clin. Infest. Dis. 36: Ross, J. I., E. A. Eady, J. H. Cove and W. J. Cunliffe (1998) 16S rrna mutation associated with tetracycline resistance in a gram-positive bacterium. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42: Tanaka, N., H. Yamaguchi and H. Umezawa (1966) Mechanism of kasugamycin action on polypeptide synthesis. J. Biochem. 60: Umezawa, H., Y. Okami, T. Hashimoto, Y. Suhara, M. Hamada and T. Takeuchi (1965) A new antibiotic, kasugamycin. J. Antibiot. 18: Wain, R. L. and E. H. Wilkinson (1943) Studies upon the copper fungicides. Ann. Appl. Biol. 30: Wenneker, M., M. Verdel, R. Groeneveld, C. Kempenaar, A. van Beuningen and J. Janse (1999) Ralstonia (Pseudomonas) solanacearum race3 (biovar2) in surface water and natural weed hosts: first report on stinging nettle (Urtica dioica). Eur. J. Plant pathol. 105: Yamaguchi, I. (1998) Natural product-derived fungicides as examplified by the antibiotics. Pages in: Fungicidal

6 328 이수민 곽연수 이경희 김흥태 activity. Chemical and biological approaches to plant protection. D. Huston and J. Miyamoto, eds. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. Yang, W., I. F. Moore, K. P. Koteva, D. C. Bareich, D. W. Hughes and G. D. Wright (2004) TetX is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase conferring resistance to tetracycline antibiotics. J. Biol. Chem. 279: Yun, G. S., S. Y. Park, H. J. Kang, K. Y. Lee and J. S. Cha (2004) Contamination level of Ralstonia solanacearum in soil of greenhouses cultivating tomato plants in Chungbuk province and characteristics of the isolates. Res. Plant Dis. 10:58-62 (in Korean). Zakeri, B. and G. D. Wright (2008) Chemical biology of tetracycline antibiotics. Biochem. Cell Biol. 86: 고추풋마름병에대한살균제의방제효과 이수민 1 곽연수 1 이경희 2 김흥태 1 * 1 충북대학교농업생명환경대학식물의학과, 2 충북농업기술원친환경연구과 요약식물세균병방제에사용되는 3 종의동살균제, 3 종의항생물질계살균제, 그리고 1 종의 quinolone 계살균제를선발하여풋마름병균인 Ralstonia solanacearum 에대한생장억제효과와고추유묘에서의병방제효과를조사하였다. NA 배지상에서실시한생장억제실험에서 oxytetracycline 은가장우수한효과를보였는데, 1000 µg ml 1 처리에서저지원의크기가 mm 로가장크게나타났으며 8.0 µg ml 1 처리구에서도 0.91 mm 크기의저지원을확인할수있었다. Validamycin 은병원균생장에대한억제효과가전혀없었다. 동살균제들은 copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride+dithianone, copper sulfate 의 1000 µg ml 1 처리구에서각각 2.19, 1.30, 1.48 mm 의저지원이나타났을뿐큰효과를보이지않았다. 유묘검정을위해서토양에살균제를관주처리하였을때, 실내검정에서가장효과가우수하였던 oxytetracycline 이병원균을접종하고 7 일후까지모든처리농도에서시들음증상이전혀관찰되지않아 100% 의아주우수한방제효과를보였으나, 14 일후에는 500 µg ml 1 의처리구에서부터효과가감소하였다. 3 종의동살균제는 7 일후에 2000 µg ml 1 에서 90% 의효과를보여다른살균제보다낮은효과를보였으며, 14 일후에는 copper sulfate 를제외한 2 종의살균제에서는 500 µg ml 1 처리구에서효과가 40% 이하로감소하였다. 결과적으로 R. solanacearum 에의한풋마름병의방제를위해서는동살균제보다는항생물질계살균제또는 quinolone 계살균제중에서선발하여사용하는것이타당할것으로생각된다. 색인어 고추풋마름병, 살균제방제효과, oxytetracycline

Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No (Han, 2009; Kim, 1998, 2016; Lee, 2011, 2013; Tran Kim, 2012)., Fusarium, Verticillium (Hwang, 2009). R. s

Research in Plant Disease Vol. 23 No (Han, 2009; Kim, 1998, 2016; Lee, 2011, 2013; Tran Kim, 2012)., Fusarium, Verticillium (Hwang, 2009). R. s 식물병연구 Research Article Open Access Res. Plant Dis. 23(3): 228-233 (2017) https://doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2017.23.3.228 Resistance to Bacterial Wilt of Rootstock Varieties of Tomato and Graft Compatibility