fm
|
|
|
- 선미 순
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 J. Fd Hyg. Safety 19(4), (4) w w y w ky (PAHs) sƒ ½ z y* * k* Ÿ t t *š w tœw Exposure Assessment for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Model Menu System of Korean YunHee Kim, EunKyung Yoon, HyoMin Lee, KyungAh Park, EunAh Jun, CherlHo Lee*, SangYun Choi*, SeungTaek Lim*, KeumRyun Ze and KwangSik Choi,PSFB'PPEBOE%SVH"ENJOJTUSBUJPO (SBEVBUF4DIPPMPGMJGFTDJFODFBOECJPUFDIOPMPHZ,PSFB6OJW ABSTRACT This study was conducted to compare and estimate the daily PAHs dietary intake from both homecooking and dining-out, through approach of model diet used in exposure assessment of food contaminants. Food commodities reflecting in model diet were selected from the KHIDI report and were analysed in cooked or uncooked edible forms using HPLC-Fluorscence Detector. The PAHs dietary intake comparison between home-cooking and dining-out was based on one meal intake suggested in model diet and PAHs dietary intake was estimated by using food consumption rate and body weight of the Korean adult group. The daily PAHs dietary intake was calculated by permutation and combination method with assumption that a person consumed 2 meals from home-cooking menu and 1 meal from dining-out menu. The total PAHs levels in 36 food commodities with samples were ranged from 2.00 ug/kg to ug/kg and a food showing the highest PAHs level was the stir-fried anchovy. The TEQ BaP levels of PAHs were calculated using benzo(a)pyrene equivalents individual congener level and corresponding TEF value and the TEQ BaP level were ranged from 0.03 /kg to 1.31 /kg and a food showing the highest TEQ BaP level was the hamburger. The PAHs dietary intakes per one meal from home-cooking and diningout were /kg/meal and /kg/meal, respectively. This data showed the PAHs dietary intake from dining-out was about 1.7 times higher than from the home-cooking. The daily PAHs dietary intakes of general Korean adult having two meals from home-cooking and one meal from dining-out per a day were ranged between ~ /kg/day and mean value as /kg/day. Key words: PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons), KHIDI(Korea Health Industry Development Institute), TEQ(Toxic Equivalents), TEFs(Toxic Equivalency Factors) y w ky (Polycyclic Aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) 2 š ƒ x ƒ ù»yw yw š. yw 1,2) benzo(a)pyrene x š, p benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, chrysene ùkü š. 3) benzo(a)pyrene PAHs yw ƒ ƒ w, PAHs yw t š š, mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, guinea pig, duck, dog, monkey sww k,»x, Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. ùkþ. U.S.EPA(1992) 4) benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h) anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, chrysene, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene group B2(probable human carcinogen). 7) PAHs yw congener w w x, j 7 w k œ v ƒ k šƒ. 5,6) PAHs yw» w sƒ yw tw» (toxic equivalency factors, TEFs) w w sƒ wš.»k yw 176
2 &YQPTVSF"TTFTTNFOUGPS1PMZDZDMJD"SPNBUJD)ZESPDBSCPOTJOUIF.PEFM.FOV4ZTUFNPG,PSFBO 177 w w PAHs yw ƒ» w y, ƒ t š. 8-10) x ¾ š w ù t mw t ql j ùkü 3~17 ug/day, 11,12) PAHs yw t w y w j š š. 9,10,12) ù t ql w PAHs yw» t š»,, š» w t. w t w ¼ w, mgteq BaP / kg/day š. w ù ƒ ƒwš,» w ù 1 1z w 26.3% 16) š, w PAHs» t mw ƒ w t ƒw PAHs yw š ƒw. x w yql w y w ƒ PAHs yw sƒwš w., ù Á t š ƒ wš, w t PAHs yw w, PAHs yw y w ƒ sƒwš w. ƒ ƒ w PAHs yw w w t t w š (w, 3) 17) Á t w w. ƒ 1 4 (,,, 1, 2, ½e, z ) 4 w, ù ( y, 0) w 4 w. t PAHs yw t PAHs yw (10), (10), (3), gù (3), (3), š (10),» (3), (3), w (3), f (3), š» (10), (10), š» (3), (10), (3), e (3), (10), k (3), tš (3), (3), q (3), o½(3), eù (10), gù e(3), ek (3), ½ e(10), ¾»(3), q½e(3), (10), g (10), w (4), (3), (10), (3), (10), (3) sww t 30 t 6 w, ( ) v w. t,,,,, ù t ƒƒ 3 ƒ l, ù x w w t w w š, ½e,,, q pt,, q t w w. Naphthalene (NA), Fluorene (FL), Phenanthrene (PH), Anthracene (AN), Fluoranthene (Fluo), Pyrene (PY), Chrysene (CH), Benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), Benzo(a)fluoranthene (BaF), Benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), Benzo(g,h,i)perylene (BghiP), Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene (IP) 14 PAH yw w. t PAHs yw i) g 10 ml p 2ml 0.4 M NaOH/EtOH- Water(9:1, v/v) 4 ml ƒw 60 C 30 y g o. y z n-hexane PAHs w N 2 gas jš acetonitrile 1 ml w g High Performance Liquid Chromatography-FL(Detector 3013, shiseido, Japan) w (Table 1). 19) PAHs Table 1. Condition for HPLC analysis of PAHs in foods Column Detector Flow Rate Solvent System Wavelength (Em/Ex) Supelcosil LC-PAH column(25cm 4.6cm) with C 18 Guard column Fluorescence(Detector 3013, shiseido) 1ml/mi Min Initial Acetonitrile(% % % 0 0 Min nm(em/ex * ) / / /498 *Em : Emission wavelength; Ex : Excitation wavelength 60 60
3 178 :VO)FF,JNFUBM w f supelguard LC-18(supelco, USA) LC-PAH colume(2.5 cm 4.6 mm I.D., sum, supelco, USA) w. ii) g w t 0 ml v p» 30 g 2M KOH/ MeOH-Water(9:1, v/v) ml Na 2 S 2 g ƒw 2 y j 70 C y w z o n-hexan ml ƒw 15 z ml ƒw w ew. Hexane d ml w N 2 gas k z acetonitrile 1ml w g High Performance Liquid Chromatography-FL(Detector 3013, shiseido, Japan) w. 18) PAHs w f g w. PAHs yw sƒ ƒ (Toxic Equivalents, TEQ BaP ) - PAHs yw benzo(a)pyrene w yw (toxic equivalency factors, TEFs) Nisbet & Lagoy (Table 2) y w TEQ BaP w (Equation 1). 20) Equation 1) TEQ BaP n = 1 ( Vkg) = ( Cij) TEFj i: Number of food commodity considered in one meal. j: Number of PAH congener occurred in edible food commodity. C ij : Concentration of congenerj in food commodityi (ug/kg) TEF j : Toxic equivalency factors using for converting individual PAH congenerj level into TEQ BaP TEQ BaP : Benzo(a)pyrene equivalents adjusted TEFs value ( /kg) ö ƒ PAHs yw (PAHs dietary intakes) ƒ mw w ö PAHs yw ù 60 kg ( š, 1998) 23) w š, w t TEQ BaP 1 1z (one serving size) t ( t, 3) 22) y w w (Equation 2). Equation 2) PAHs dietary intake per one meal n O Cij TEFjP IRi n = i = j ( /kg/meal) BW i = 1 i: Number of food commodity considered in one meal. j: Number of PAH congener occurred in edible food commodity. C ij : Concentration of congenerj in food commodityi (ug/kg). TEF j : Toxic equivalency factors using for converting individual PAH congenerj level into TEQ BaP IR i : Amount of one serving size per one meal of food commodityi (g/meal). BW: Body weight of adult (60kg). 1 3z š w PAHs yw (Daily PAHs dietary intake) š w ql ƒ 2 : 1 š w 16), w 4 ƒ 2z, 4 1z» w y w 1 3z mw PAHs yw w. Table 2. Toxic Equivalency Factors using for converting individual PAH congener level into TEQ BaP 21) Congener TEF Congener TEF Naphthalene Fluorene Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Chrysene TEQ BaP : Toxic Equivalents; TEF : Toxic Equivalency Factor Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene
4 &YQPTVSF"TTFTTNFOUGPS1PMZDZDMJD"SPNBUJD)ZESPDBSCPOTJOUIF.PEFM.FOV4ZTUFNPG,PSFBO 179 š ƒ ù t t 1, 1, 2, 1, 9, e 1, 6, o½ 1, ù 2, 1, ½e 3, t 1, 1, 4, 1, ƒœ t 1 sww 36 w ƒ Table 3. t PAHs t t PAHs yw y 36 t, 14 PAHs yw w, e ug/ kg, ug/kg, w ug/kg š» ug/kg, g w t PAHs yw 2.00 ug/kg~63.98 ug/kg (Fig. 1). ƒ PAHs yw ùkü e š w w ƒœ m PAHs yw ù,» w w t ü PAHs yw š. w y š Table 3. Home cooking menu and dining out menu considering primary foods consumed in large amount by Koreans Home cooking menu Dining out menu A Loaf bread Cow's milk Fried sausage Fried bacon Pan-fried eggroll Stir-fried onion Apple Oven baked chicken Pan-fried eggroll Baechu kimchi Chicken radish Citrus B Soy bean paste pot-stew Broiled mackerel Stir-fried fish paste Fried ham Baechu kimchi Persimmon Barbecued beef Soy bean paste pot-stew Stir-fried anchovy Seasoned bean sprout Lettuce Apple C Broiled yellow corvinal Stir-fried anchovy Stir-fried oyster mushroom Pear Hamburger Fast food french-fry Coke D Bean-spout soup Fried bean curd Seasoned spinach Stir-fried potato Kakdugi Citrus Barbecued pork Stir fried oak-mushroom Stir-fried fish paste Lettuce Fig. 1. Total PAHs level and Total TEQ BaP level of primary foods consumed in large amount by Korean.
5 180 :VO)FF,JNFUBM w n d 25) 0.01 ug/kg~2.2 ug/kg PAHs yw ƒ d ewš. ½ w w ƒ ƒ 10) benzo(a)pyrene, ƒ ¼, ƒ ƒ benzo(a)pyrene ƒw š, w t PAHs yw ƒ. ƒ ùkù, t PAHs yw ƒ ùkû. PAHs yw œ» n w Ë Ë t, p t, f, e ƒ. 14) Monica, 14) Lodovici, 12) Larsson w 26) PAHs ƒƒ ug/kg, 2.61 ug/kg, 26 ug/kg~ ug/kg š, ug/kg. ù PAHs yw ƒ š ƒ, k x, š benzo(a)pyrene chrysene, 0.19~2.15 ug/kg. r, w 7 š, benzo(a)pyrene 0.01~0.03 ug/kg ùkû. 7 PAHs yw chrysene w 6, benzo(a)anthracene 0.61 ug/kg ƒ š, benzo(a)pyrene ù w 0.01 ug/kg ùkû. t PAHs yw ql t PAHs yw s r naphthalene fluoranthene ƒƒ ug/kg(.06%) ug/ kg(39.48%) yw w. PAHs t benzo(a)pyrene w 0.52 ug/kg(28.41%) ƒ š, š» 0.28 ug/kg(15.30%), w 0.13 ug/kg(7.10%), 0.10 ug/kg(5.46%), f 0.10 ug/ kg(5.46%). PAH yw ql r, fluoranthene naphthalene ƒƒ 19.21(±10.01) ug/kg(45%), 13.(±11.) ug/kg(30%), fluorene pyrene ƒƒ 21.11(±32.13) ug/kg (41%), 16.69(±11.35) ug/kg(32%) PAH yw (Fig. 2). 14 PAHs yw PAHs yw ( ß3 rings PAHs) 4 š PAHs yw ( à4 ring PAHs) 10 Fig. 2. Distribution of individual PAH congener in foods according to cooking methods A:Fried food group; B: Stir-fried group. š PAHsƒ 46.77% w wš ùkû. š PAHs yw 10 7,» { w š tt w ƒ j š š. 27) t PAH yw sƒ PAHs yw ƒ - w y w t ƒ w ƒ 1.31 /kg, š
6 &YQPTVSF"TTFTTNFOUGPS1PMZDZDMJD"SPNBUJD)ZESPDBSCPOTJOUIF.PEFM.FOV4ZTUFNPG,PSFBO /kg, eù 0.67 / kg, š» 0.54 /kg (Fig. 1). ƒ PAHs yw s r t indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ùkû, 3 ƒ ƒƒ 3.32 /kg(30.46%), 1.82 /kg(16.70%), 1.76 /kg(16.61%). Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene š 0.60 /kg (17.85%), benzo(a)pyrene w / kg(28.49%), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 0.45 /kg(25.59%) ƒ ùkû. PAHs yw ƒ t r, e, gù e,,, PAHs yw ù, y w ƒ û ùkû. PAHs yw PAHs yw w û»., eù PAHs yw ƒ û ƒ, PAHs yw w. w, š», š, PAHs yw Table 4. The PAHs dietary intakes per one meal from home cooking menu and dining out menu Home cooking menu Dining out menu Foods Food intake 12) (g/meal) Dietary intake (ug/kg/meal) Foods Food intake (g/meal) dietary intake (ug/kg/meal) A Loaf bread Cow's milk Fried sausage Fried bacon Pan-fried eggroll Stir-fried onion Apple Oven-baked chicken Pan-fried eggroll Baechu kimchi Chicken radish Citrus B C D Total Total Soy-bean paste pot-stew Broiled mackerel Stir-fried fish-paste Fried ham Baechu kimchi Persimmon Barbecued beef Soy-bean paste pot-stew Stir-fried anchovy Seasoned bean-sprouts Lettuce Apple Total Total Broiled yellow corvina Stir-fried anchovy Stir-fried oyster-mushroom Pear Hamburger Fast food french fry Coke Total Total Bean-spouts soup Fried bean curd Seasoned spinach Stir-fried potato Kakdugi Citrus Barbecued pork Stir-fried oak mushroom Stir-fried fish-paste Lettuce Total Total Average Average
7 182 :VO)FF,JNFUBM ƒ PAHs yw w. ö ƒ PAHs yw ù s³ 1 1z t PAHsyw w w ö ƒ PAHs yw s³ ƒƒ /kg/day, /kg/day ƒ 1.7 ùkþ (Table 4). 4 w ƒ ~ /kg/meal ƒ Cƒ ƒ. 1.8 /kg/meal(21%), PAHs yw û ƒ 1z t t w ƒ C ƒ t ƒ» ùkþ. š /kg/meal(12%), /kg/meal(8%), eù /kg/meal(6%), /kg/ meal(6.02%), gù 5.0Ü10-4 /kg/meal(5.7%)» ƒ ùkû ~ /kg/meal Aƒ ƒ. A ƒ C ƒ» ùkþ, t w ƒ ƒ» ùkþ. w /kg/meal(30%) PAHs yw ƒ 1z t PAHs yw» t. w š» /kg/meal(16%), /kg/meal (14%), /kg/meal(12%), š» /kg/meal(10%)» ùkþ. t y w ƒ w š, š»,,, eù 1 z t PAHs yw. š»,, gù ƒ û, 1z t PAHs yw, w, q, f ƒ 1z t t» û. 1 3z š w 1 PAHs yw s ƒ w ql ƒ 2z 1z š w 4 ƒ 2z 4 1z» w w, w 3z 24 ƒ. ƒ w 1 PAHs yw ~ /kg/day (Table 5). ù 5» mw PAHs yw 1 (y, 1999) mgteq BaP /kg/day š, w ql mw 1 s³ mgteq BaP /kg/day PAHs yw y š w, t mw 80%. ù mw PAHs yw w. 30) ù y š w y w ƒ PAHs yw sƒw. ƒ PAHs yw 1.7 ƒ ùkû, w, š»,, š PAHs yw ƒ, 1z t PAHs t. PAHs» t ƒ wš. w ql š w ƒ ~ /kg/day. œ»,, m mw PAHs yw vw, t mw PAHs yw w. w yƒ ƒwš ƒ mw w w w š y vw z v wš., w t w v w. Table 5. The daily PAHs dietary intake calculated by permutations and combinations with assumption that a person has two meals from the home cooking and the one meal from the dining menu out per a day (unit : ugteqbap/kg/day) One meal from dining menu a b c d Two meals from home cooking menu AB AC AD BC BD CD *the lowest level **the highest level I. ABCD: Home-cooking II. abcd: Dining-out
8 &YQPTVSF"TTFTTNFOUGPS1PMZDZDMJD"SPNBUJD)ZESPDBSCPOTJOUIF.PEFM.FOV4ZTUFNPG,PSFBO 183 PAHs yw»k yw w w,» w y ƒ t ƒ š. PAHs yw t y wš ù t t š ƒ wš w t PAHs yw w, PAHs yw y w ƒ 1ö» wš, w ƒ 2z, 1z 1 sƒw. Á t PAHs yw w PAHs 2.00~ ug/kg, e ƒ ùkû. (TEFs) y w y w ƒ 0.03~1.31 /kg š, ƒ ƒ t w. t š w w ö ƒ PAHs yw s³ ƒƒ /kg/meal /kg/meal ƒ PAHs yw 1.7 ƒ ùkû. w, š»,, š PAHs yw ƒ 1z t PAHs yw» t. ƒ /kg/meal, w ƒ /kg/meal» ƒ ƒ. w 3z š w 1 PAHsyw ~ ug/kg/day. ƒ PAHs yw sƒ» ³ v t w ³ w» ƒ ¼, PAHs yw š y z, w œwš w. š x 1. Pelkonene, O., Nebet, D.W.: Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Etiological Role in Carcinogenesis Pharmacol Rev., 43, 189~222 (1982). 2. Gelboin, H.V.: Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism, activation, and carcinogenesis Role and regulation of mixed-function oxidases and related enzymes. Physiol Rev., 60, (1980). 3. DHHS/ATSDR, Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) (1995). 4. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Inc. Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices. 6th ed. Volumes I, II, III. Cincinnati, OH: ACGIH, 125 (1991). 5. Klaassen, C.D.: Casarett and Doull's Toxicology. The Basic Science of Poisons. 6th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 668 (1). 6. Rom, W.N.: Environmental and Occupational Medicine. 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Company, 877 (1992). 7. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans Vol.32, polyunclear aromatic compounds, part I. chemical. Environmental and experimental data (1983). 8. U.S. National Academy of Science: PAH-evaluation of sources and effects 477 (1983). 9. WHO/IPCS selected Non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental health criteria 202 (1998). 10. ½,, : ƒ Benzo(a)pyrene w, w wz, 9(4), 323~332 (1993). 11. Howord, J.W., Fazio, T.:,Review of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food. Analyrical methology and reported findings of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods. Journal of the Association of offical analytical chemists 63, 1077 (1980). 12. Lodovici, M., Dolara, P., Casalini, C., Ciappellano, S., & Tesolini, G.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminantion in the Italian food. Food Additives and contaminants, 12(5), 703~713 (1995). 13. z,, : t Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons w sƒ w t wz, 19(1), (4). 14. Monica, C., Rojo, Camargo., Maria, C., Toledo, F.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in brazilian vegetables and fruits. Food Control 14, 49~53 (3). 15., 1998 š, w (1999). 16., 1 š, w (2). 17. w, w t w sƒ(3).
9 184 :VO)FF,JNFUBM 18. Chen, B., Wang, C., Chiu, C.: Evaluation of analysis of polycyclic aromatic aromatic hydrocarbons in meat products by liquild chromatography. J. agric. Food Chem. 44, 2244~ 2251 (1996). 19. Naoy, K., Mitsuhio, W., Naotaka, K., Syuzo, A.: Determination of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in milk samples by high-performance liquid chromatographywith fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography B 789, 257~264 (3). 20. Tsai, P., Shieh, Y., Lee, J., Lai, S.: Health-risk assessment for workers exposured to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a carbon black manufacturing industry. The Sci. Total Env 278, 137~1 (1) 21. Nisbet, C., Lagoy, P.: Toxic Equivalency Factors(TEFs) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Reg. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 16, 290~300 (1992). 22., t l ƒ š (0). 23.» t, t š, w t w (1998). 24. m, m š lifetime table (1999). 25. x: w y w 2 š, w y (1999). 26. Larsson, B., Sahlberg, G.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lettuce: infuence of a highway and an aluminium smelter. Sixth international symposium on physical and biological chemistry, Columbus, Ohio (1981). 27. Steven, D., Colome, N., Kado. Y., Peter, J., Michael, K.: Atmos Environ 26(4), 2173~2178 (1992). 28. U.S.EPA. Risk Assessment guidance for superfund. Vol 1. Human health evaluation manual(part A). Interim Final. EPA/ 5/ Office of Emergency and Remedical Response. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1989). 29. w t wzr, t w Ÿ (1994). 30. Gemma, F., Jose, L., Juan, M., Angel, T., Conrad, C., Lutz, M.: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in foods : Human exposure through the diet in catalonia, Spain. Journal of food protection 66, 2325~2331 (3).
41.3(18) fm
KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 339~344 (2009) p ƒœt polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons w Áûx Á½ xá w * w tœw Lotus» t The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology Determination of
304.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 3, 2009 yw s w - û - A Study on the Planning of Improved-Hanok - Focused on Jeon-Nam Province - y* ** z*** **** Kang, Man-Ho Lee, Woo-Won Jeong, Hun
14.531~539(08-037).fm
G Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 531~539, August, 2008 š x y w m š gj p { sƒ z 1) * 1) w w Evaluation of Flexural Strength for Normal and High Strength Concrete with Hooked
605.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 19, No. 6, 2008 y k y p w sƒ Care-giver s Needs and Evaluation on the Actual Condition of the Playgrounds in Child Care Facilities y* Choi, Mock-Wha x **
16(1)-3(국문)(p.40-45).fm
w wz 16«1y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 1. 2006 x w$btf3fqpsu'psn û w m w Department of Statistics, Chonnam National University Eunsik Park College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University
82-01.fm
w y wz 8«( 2y) 57~61, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis p w w Á Á w w» y l Analysis of Influence Factors and Corrosion Characteristics of Water-pipe in Potable Water System Jae Seong
93-08.fm
w y wz 9«( 3y) 191~198, 006 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis Microtox w w m sƒ Á½»Áû * w w» vgp l, * w» y k Microtox Biological Toxic Assessment of Soils Treated with Sewage Sludge Sang-Jun
9(3)-4(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 9«3y, 2007 Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.319-326(2007) w xk x p w q w Analysis of Foot Characteristics According to the Classification of Foot Types of Junior High School Girls Ji-Young
69-1(p.1-27).fm
99 A 380 B 787 : wœ z w * w w wœ» A380 B787 wœ» w. wœ» ww r. w wœ» p j y w r» w. I. II. z III. A380 B787 IV. A380 V. wœ» : x VI. z VII. I. A380 B787»ƒ z wœ w, w w p j w w ƒ r. t wœ w ƒ w w wœ» š œm wš,
84-01.fm
w y wz 8«( 4y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis HPLC f y e t p»wá½»x w y w»y Detection Characteristics of a HPLC Method on Carbonyl-DNPH Derivatives in Relation with Column
10(3)-12.fm
w y wz 10«3y 273~280 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment p yá xá½k w y œw (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Analysis of Characteristics of Delivered Nonpoint Source Pollution at Forested Watershed
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 425-430, 2005» 677*4 Ÿ w sƒ ½»x Á Á½ k w y w, w y œw Some considerations for the analytical approaches to measure atmospheric
82.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 524~528, 2007. Determination of Critical Chloride Content of Ordinary Portland Cement Concrete by Linear Polarization Technique Hong-Sam Kim, Hai-Moon
< DC1A4C3A5B5BFC7E22E666D>
¼ (Jeong, Jung Chae)*, ý (Kim, Yoon Soo), (Shin, Woo Young), Þ Ñ (Park, Jong Man) ò ý ƒ Ð (Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology) (Shin, Jae-Heyg) Š æ (Ministry of Knowledge Economy) 1. :
10(3)-09.fm
w y wz 10«3y 253~258 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment ³ w Á» Á Á y w y œw (2010 11 22, 2010 12 9 k) Study on Determine of Detention Pond in Small Developed Area In-Soo Chang ½
untitled
ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 2B Á 2007 3œ pp. 193 ~ 199 ª ƒ w d w ƒ sƒ Methodology of Drought Assessment Using National Groundwater Monitoring Network Data «x Á½ Kwon, Hyung JoongÁKim, Seong Joon Abstract The objective
10(1)-08.fm
w y wz 10«( 1y) 47~52, 2007 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis œ w t y ½ xá Á x Á½ Á x* Ÿ œ, * w œw Optimization of Coagulation In The Conventional Water Treatment Plant Jun-Hyun Kim,
12(2)-04.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 12, No. 2, pp 106~111(2005) w y y w z œ k üœ» p ½ Á Á Á ³ Á Á½Ÿ w w w, *g», ** w w Effects of Strategies to Improve Indoor Air Quality at Pre-occupancy Stage
10(3)-10.fm
w y wz 10«3y 259~264 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w gj p p y Á Á½k * w m œw Á* w y œw (2010 9 28, 2010 10 12 k) Characteristics of Antiwashout Underwater Concrete for Reduction
\\g1w1725.austin.hp.com\hse\docs\atn\kor_ghs\korean\013022_Q4209A.pdf
물질안전보건자료 1. 화학제품과 회사에 관한 정보 가. 제품명 HP ElectroInk Coca Cola Red Calibration Cartridge for use with 6000 series Q4209A 나. 제품의 권고용도와 사용상의 제한 제품의 권고 용도 HP Indigo Digital Presses WS6000(와)과 함께 사용하는 HP 제품. 회사
Abstract Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Related Factors for Nurses and Radiological Technologists Wearing a Lead Apron for Radiation Pro t e c t i o n Jung-Im Yoo, Jung-Wan Koo 1 ) Angio Unit, Team of Radiology,
2 3
20 recipies pot line Stir Fried Glass Noodles and Bean Sprouts Wild Sesame and Mushroom Soup Mille-Feuille Nabe Seafood Risotto with Cream Sauce Braised Pork Rib with Aged Kimchi Stir Fried Noodle with
12(3) 10.fm
KIGAS Vol. 12, No. 3, September, 2008 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) ü LP ƒ š Database w š Á Á½z w ywœw (2008 6 10, 2008 8 12 (1 ), 2008 9 5 (2 ), 2008 9 5 k) Constructing a Database Structure
50(1)-09.fm
2006, Vol. 50, No. 1 Printed in the Republic of Korea 언빨래가마르는현상에대한중등학교화학전공교사들의인식조사 ½x Á» Á½ # Á x* w w yw y š w w # w w (2005. 5. 11 ) A Research of Secondary School Chemistry Major Teachers Perceptions
12.077~081(A12_이종국).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 77-81 y w» e wx Á w œw Fabrication of Ceramic Batch Composition for Porcelain by Using Recycled Waste Ceramic Powder Hyun Guen Han, and
10(3)-02.fm
w y wz 10«3y 203~211 (2010.12.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment w ù p yá k«áyw *Á xá½k w y œw Á* y w (2010 9 15, 2010 12 2 k) Characterization of Nonpoint Source Pollutant Loads from the
416.fm
Journal of the Korean Housing Association Vol. 20, No. 4, 2009 œ qp œ y An Analysis of Change on the Apartment Unit Plans and the Interior Spaces Related to Women * Choi, ByungSook ** Park, JungA "CTUSBDU
16(2)-7(p ).fm
w wz 16«2y Kor. J. Clin. Pharm., Vol. 16, No. 2. 2006 ü t xy y w tœ ½ BÁ x BC B y w w w C y w w w Current Status and Expectations of Orphan Drugs in Korea -In point of supplying medicines for the rare
11(5)-12(09-10)p fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 11«5y, 2009 Vol. 11, No. 5, pp.799-807(2009) w w * k ƒm w pg p w, ƒm w q w A Qualitative Research on Pursuing Image and Appearance Management Behavior of Brides Eun-Joo Bae
fm
J. Fd Hyg. Safety 20(4), 253 257 (2005) ü w w w Áy»xÁ Á Á Á«Á Áw Á x Á yx Á½ Á½ Á½ t t» t t ƒ q Study on Management of Artificial Flavors in Korea Tal-Soo Lee, Young-Mi Jang, Ki-Hyoung Hong, Sung-Kwan
83-07.fm
w y wz 8«( 3y) 137~142, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis sw n w Polychlorinated Biphenyls»y Áwx Á yá w w yw Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Pohang and Gangseo, Busan
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - vi - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - 1) 통계청고시제 2010-150 호 (2010.7.6 개정, 2011.1.1 시행 ) - 4 - 요양급여의적용기준및방법에관한세부사항에따른골밀도검사기준 (2007 년 11 월 1 일시행 ) - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 -
878 Yu Kim, Dongjae Kim 지막 용량수준까지도 멈춤 규칙이 만족되지 않아 시행이 종료되지 않는 경우에는 MTD의 추정이 불가 능하다는 단점이 있다. 최근 이 SM방법의 단점을 보완하기 위해 O Quigley 등 (1990)이 제안한 CRM(Continu
한 국 통 계 학 회 논 문 집 2012, 19권, 6호, 877 884 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5351/ckss.2012.19.6.877 Maximum Tolerated Dose Estimation Applied Biased Coin Design in a Phase Ⅰ Clinical Trial Yu Kim a, Dongjae Kim
50(5)-07.fm
Printed in the Republic of Korea w 3w yû x w w w Á x* w w w yw (2006. 3. 14 ) A research of the Difference in Teaching Styles and Understanding of 9 th Grade Students About Lead-iodide Precipitation Reaction
15.101~109(174-하천방재).fm
w wz 8«4y 2008 8 pp. 101 ~ 109 w» m -,, - A Study on Warnning Criteria Investigation of Automated Rainfall Warning System -Focused on Realationship of Water Level, Discharge and Precipitation - Á Á Á Ahn,
환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010
11-1480523-000702-01 환경중잔류의약물질대사체분석방법확립에 관한연구 (Ⅱ) - 테트라사이클린계항생제 - 환경건강연구부화학물질연구과,,,,,, Ⅱ 2010 목차 ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ Abstract ⅳ Ⅰ Ⅱ i 목차 Ⅲ Ⅳ i 목차 ii 목차 iii Abstract α β α β iv Ⅰ. 서론 Ⅰ 1 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법 Ⅱ. 2 Ⅱ. 연구내용및방법
26(1)-11(김기준).fm
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 26, No. 1, 80-85, 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2013.26.1.080 Study on the analytical method using GC-MS for the accident preparedness
03-2ƯÁý -14š
Management on hazardous chemicals for production of safe produce Namjun Cho, Sumyeong Hong, Wonil Kim, Byungjun Park Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA * Correspondence
서론 34 2
34 2 Journal of the Korean Society of Health Information and Health Statistics Volume 34, Number 2, 2009, pp. 165 176 165 진은희 A Study on Health related Action Rates of Dietary Guidelines and Pattern of
31(3B)-07(7055).fm
ª Œª Œ 31ƒ 3B Á 2011 5œ pp. 265 ~ 276 ª w w s³ The Correlation Between the Moving Average of Precipitation and Groundwater Level in Korea Á½û» Yang, Jeong-SeokÁKim, Nam-Ki Abstract Precipitation data and
w w l v e p ƒ ü x mw sƒw. ü w v e p p ƒ w ƒ w š (½kz, 2005; ½xy, 2007). ù w l w gv ¾ y w ww.» w v e p p ƒ(½kz, 2008a; ½kz, 2008b) gv w x w x, w mw gv
ª Œª Œ 30ƒ 5A Á 2010 9œ pp. 475 ~ 484 gj p ª v e p p PSC ƒ gv : II. x w Precast Concrete Copings for Precast Segmental PSC Bridge Columns : II. Experiments and Analyses ½kzÁ½ Á zá x Kim, Tae-HoonÁKim,
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 금은화 ( 金銀花 ) Lonicerae Flos 생약연구과
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 금은화 ( 金銀花 ) Lonicerae Flos 생약연구과 - 2 - KP 11 Lonicerae Flos Lonicera japonica Thunberg - CP 2015 JP 16 Lonicerae Japonicae Flos Lonicerae Folium Cum Caulis Lonicera japonica Thunberg - Lonicera
fm
[ ] w wz DOI: 10.3740/MRSK.2009.19.12.692 Kor. J. Mater. Res. Vol. 19, No. 12 (2009) y INCONEL 718w Gas Tungsten Arc Welding» p sƒ ½»y Á *Á *Á y** ( ) d lj p wœq, *w wœ» q **( ) d lj p t Mechanical Properties
untitled
[ ] œwz, 21«6y(2008) J. of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment, Vol. 21, No. 6, (2008) pp. 300~306 š y w p x*, **Á **Áy y* * ** w œ w œw, w» gœ Solid State Diffusion Brazing of the Aluminum Alloy Castings
38(6)-01.fm
y, 38«, 6y, 699-705, 2005 Econ. Environ. Geol., 38(6), 699-705, 2005 t sÿ y xk 1 Á s 2Á z 1 Á½ 1 Á e 3 1 w y w,» w, 2w y w, 3š w y w Chemical Speciation of Heavy Metals in Geologic Environments on the
17.393~400(11-033).fm
Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 393~400, June, 2011 GGGGG DOI 10.4334/JKCI.2011.23.3.393 x RC { sƒ y y 1) *Á½ 1) Á 2) 1) y w œw 2) w œw Bond Strength Evaluation of RC Beams
03-서연옥.hwp
농업생명과학연구 49(4) pp.31-37 Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49(4) pp.31-37 Print ISSN 1598-5504 Online ISSN 2383-8272 http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2015.49.4.31 국가산림자원조사 자료를 적용한 충남지역 사유림경영율 추정 서연옥
49(6)-06.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2005, Vol. 49, No. 6 Printed in the Republic of Korea 중학교과학교과서불꽃반응실험에서선스펙트럼관찰의문제점분석및개선연구 ½ Á Á * w w yw (2005. 10. 4 ) An Analysis and Improvement of the Line Spectrum
3.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 12~17, 2007. A Study on the Preparation of Bone Ash and Celadon Bone Body Using Pig Bone Jae-Jin Jeong, Sang-Hee Lee, Yong-Seok Lee,* and Byung-Ha
19(1) 02.fm
Korean J. Crystallography Vol. 19, No. 1, pp.7~13, 2008 Ÿ (ICISS) w š t w (2): t w y w œw Surface Structure Analysis of Solids by Impact Collision Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (2): Atomic Structure of Semiconductor
04_이근원_21~27.hwp
1) KIGAS Vol. 16, No. 5, pp 21~27, 2012 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas) http://dx.doi.org/10.7842/kigas.2012.16.5.21 실험실의 사례 분석에 관한 연구 이근원 이정석 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 (2012년 9월 5일 투고, 2012년 10월 19일
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in Univ
Analysis of objective and error source of ski technical championship Jin Su Seok 1, Seoung ki Kang 1 *, Jae Hyung Lee 1, & Won Il Son 2 1 yong in University & 2 Kang Won University [Purpose] [Methods]
14(4) 09.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 4, pp 343~350(2007) w y y w z 14 «4 y 2007 yw» l s p»xá ³ *w w w œw, **w w w The Property of Pressure Distribution of Hybrid Underfloor Air Distribution
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp DOI: (NCS) Method of Con
Journal of Educational Innovation Research 2017, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp.181-212 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21024/pnuedi.27.3.201709.181 (NCS) Method of Constructing and Using the Differentiated National Competency
10.063~070(B04_윤성식).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 63-70 Mg-3%Al-1%Zn w ƒœ» y Á x*á **Á Á w œw *w s l I ûer ** t Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
51(2)-06.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 2 Printed in the Republic of Korea f p ƒ š w er elk yw ½ Á y*» l, w w ywœw (2006. 12. 5 ) Separation of Caffeine and Catechin Compounds from Green
연세대-신규메뉴북-수정3
CHINESE BISTRO LUNCH COURSE (11:00 ~ 15:00 靑 33,000 Mushroom & Crab Meat Soup Cantonese-style Stir-Fried Seafood Deep-Fried Prawn with Spicy Chili Sauce Stir-Fried Shredded Green Bell Pepper & Beef Choice
32(4B)-04(7455).fm
32«4ByÁ 2012 7 pp. 233 ~ 242 œ w w w y œ r Estimation of Domestic Water Supply Benefit Using Demand Function Approach ³ Á Á½¼yÁ Yeo, Kyu DongÁYi, Choong SungÁKim, Gil HoÁLee, Sang Won Abstract In the past,
8(2)-4(p ).fm
w wz J. Kor. Soc. Cloth. Ind. 8«2y, 2006 Vol. 8, No. 2, pp.177-182(2006) x w e w 1) Á Ÿ 1) Á»û 2) 1) ƒm w q w 2) w w w The Effect of Media on Taking Plastic Surgery Chong-Hee Yun 1), Su-Kwang Sung 1) and
Æ÷Àå82š
Lee, Kyungbae (E-mail : kblee6078@ex.co.kr) Lee, Jaehoon (E-mail : ranian74@ex.co.kr) Sohn, Duecksu (E-mail : mgsds@ex.co.kr) Kwon, Soonmin (E-mail : soonmini2@ex.co.kr) ABSTRACT PURPOSES : The purpose
07.051~058(345).fm
w wz 8«3y 2008 6 pp. 51 ~ 58 m qp yp š w k sƒ Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus based on Aged Asphalt Binder y*á **Á***Á**** Lee, Kwan-HoÁCho, Kyung-RaeÁLee, Byung-SikÁSong, Yong-Seon Abstract Development
달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 Ⅰ. 서 론 Ⅱ. 연구대상 및 방법 達 은 23) 의 丹 溪 에 최초로 기 재된 처방으로, 에 복용하면 한 다하여 난산의 예방과 및, 등에 널리 활용되어 왔다. 達 은 이 毒 하고 는 甘 苦 하여 氣, 氣 寬,, 結 의 효능이 있
대한한방부인과학회지 THE JOURNAL OF ORIENTAL OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY VOL.17, NO.2 : 115-122 (2004) 달생산이 초산모 분만시간에 미치는 영향 * 북경한의원, ** 윤산부인과의원, *** 최은림산부인과의원, 상지대학교 한의과대학 부인과학교실 ****, 경희대학교 동서의학대학원 김성준 *****, 윤왕준
식료
BREAKFAST I 07:00~11:00 I MORNING BUFFET Adult 29,800 (07:00~10:00) Child 22,000 AMERICAN BREAKFAST 23,000 A Choice of Chilled Juice(Orange, Tomato, Pineapple) Two Eggs with Choice of Side Dish(Ham, Bacon,
싱카이 역삼점 메뉴내지_단품음주류
XINGKAI Set Chin Set Today s Soup, Shredded Sea Cucumber and Shrimp with Beef, Fried Prawn in Chili Sauce, Fried Rice or Noodles, Dessert Myung Set Today s Soup, Fried Chicken in Garlic and Soy Sauce,
(2)-02(최경자).fm
Res. Plant Dis. 16(2) : 148-152 (2010) Research in Plant Disease The Korean Society of Plant Pathology z w t w sƒ Á½ Á Á yá * w yw yw l Development of Effective Screening Method and Evaluation of Radish
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 강활 ( 羌活 ) Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma 생약연구과 - 2 - - 3 - KP 11 Osterici seu Notopterygii Radix et Rhizoma Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz, Notopterygium incisum Ting, Notopterygium
01.01~08(유왕진).fm
JOURNAL OF KOREA SOCIETY OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. Vol. 14, No. 1 1~8 (2008) s w Á w» w Comparative Study on the Changes and Prospects of Flexible Food Packaging Design Kyung Soo Noh and Wang
<30332DB9E8B0E6BCAE2E666D>
kœw» y w k p y w k» z wš ye z w mdkqvqrg üœ» y» Ÿ w kœwgeqgpikpggtkpiy glj GEQVGEJPQNQI[ œw w k w yz š y j œ w m w y ˆ mw y» kœ w k û ³ y ƒ ƒ» ƒ w œw w w y ƒƒ» k z w» %NGCP 9CVGT #EV wšw y ù» œ w w w t
Lumbar spine
Lumbar spine CT 32 111 DOI : 10.3831/KPI.2010.13.2.111 Lumbar Spine CT 32 Received : 10. 05. 23 Revised : 10. 06. 04 Accepted : 10. 06. 11 Key Words: Disc herniation, CT scan, Clinical analysis The Clinical
14(4)-14(심고문2).fm
w» wz, 14«4y(2012) (ISSN 1229-5671) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 14, No. 4, (2012), pp. 260~264 DOI: 10.5532/KJAFM.2012.14.4.260 Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
84-07.fm
w y wz 8«( 4y) 00~00, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis CWPO œ w 1,4- s Á Á * û y, * w yœ lœw 1,4-Dioxane Treatment using Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation Process Jong-min Kang,
012임수진
Received : 2012. 11. 27 Reviewed : 2012. 12. 10 Accepted : 2012. 12. 12 A Clinical Study on Effect of Electro-acupuncture Treatment for Low Back Pain and Radicular Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Lumbar
DBPIA-NURIMEDIA
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 18, No. 5, 436-443, 2005,1"$ w Q) t p z Á 1w w œw 2 w œ yw Effects of surface properties and solution ph on the pollutants removal of
14.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 93~97, 2007. Preparation of High Purity Si Powder by SHS Chang Yun Shin, Hyun Hong Min, Ki Seok Yun, and Chang Whan Won Engineering Research Center
27(3D)-07.fm
ª Œª Œ 27ƒ 3D Á 2007 5œ pp. 269~274 ª d x sƒ» w The Development of Safety Evaluation Criteria for the Alignment Design Consistency Methods on Rural Highways Á Á Lee, SooilÁWon, JaimuÁLee, Heeseung Abstract
21(4)-02.fm
J. Fd Hyg. Safety 21(4), 204 212 (2006) ŸŸ w» ƒ, ƒ, w ½ Á Á½ ¼Á½ Á Á½ Ášy Á» y Quantitative Analysis of Acid Value, Iodine Value and Fatty Acids Content in Sesame Oils by NIRS Jae-Kwan Kim, Myung-Jin Lee,
51(4)-13.fm
Journal of the Korean Chemical Society 2007, Vol. 51, No. 4 Printed in the Republic of Korea w x - w y *Á š w w w yw (2007. 3. 28 ) Case Study on Verbal Interactions of Teacher-Small Group StudentsG in
γ
경락경혈학회지 Vol.27, No.1, pp.87 106, 2010 Journal of Meridian & Acupoint Dept. of 1 Meridian & Acupoint, 3 Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University 2 Division of Clinical
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 고삼 ( 苦參 ) Sophorae Radix 생약연구과
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 고삼 ( 苦參 ) Sophorae Radix 생약연구과 - 1 - KP 11 Sophorae Radix Sophora flavescens Solander ex Aiton oxymatrine, matrine 1.0% CP 2015 Sophorae Flavescentis Radix Sophora flavescens Aiton - JP 16
82-08.fm
w y wz 8«( 2y) 95~108, 2005 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis VOC p : w 2000-2004 ½»x Á Á w y w, w y œw The Composition and Emission Characteristics of VOC from Major Waste Landfill Sites
- i - - ii - - iii - - iv - - v - - 1 - - 2 - - 3 - - 4 - - 5 - - 6 - - 7 - - 8 - - 9 - - 10 - - 11 - - 12 - - 13 - - 14 - - 15 - - 16 - - 17 - - 18 - - 19 - α α - 20 - α α α α α α - 21 - - 22 - - 23 -
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong
Analyses the Contents of Points per a Game and the Difference among Weight Categories after the Revision of Greco-Roman Style Wrestling Rules Han-bong An 1 & Kyoo-jeong Choi 2 * 1 Korea National Wrestling
26(2)-04(손정국).fm
Ñ s k w 1Á y 2 Á û 1 Á½ z 1 Á½ 1* 1 ³ w yw, 2 w» (*E-mail: jimankim@skku.edu) 1. m ƒ w»» w 4»» y š. w 4»» l, l, l w» w» k. w»» { ƒ j. x š x w ƒwš k (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell: DMFC)[1]ƒ wù ƒ w š. DMFC
제3호-최종
www.cdc.go.kr/phwr Major food sources of Na and Ca in Korea : Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 37 41 45 46 Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC 37 Table 1. Distribution of subjects by
14(2) 02.fm
J. Korean. Soc. Living. Environ. Sys. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp 117~125(2007) w y y w z sm Ÿ š w œ l ³Á½ * w, **w w w Impact of Photosensor Sensitivity on the Control Performance of a Daylight Dimming System
Apparel Purchase Behaviors and Image Preferences of Preteen Girls and Their Mothers: Considering Preteen Girls BMI and Body Image Department of Home Economics Education, Pai Chai University Assistant Professor
03이경미(237~248)ok
The recent (2001-2010) changes on temperature and precipitation related to normals (1971-2000) in Korea* Kyoungmi Lee** Hee-Jeong Baek*** ChunHo Cho**** Won-Tae Kwon*****. 61 (1971~2000) 10 (2001~2010).
25(6)-12(조윤아).fm
Printed in the Republic of Korea "/"-:5*$"- 4$*&/$& 5&$)/0-0(: Vol. 25, No. 6, 416-420, 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.5806/ast.2012.25.6.416 Characteristics of heavy metals's exposure from playground flooring
54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, I. 1.,,,,,,, (, 1998). 14.2% 16.2% (, ), OECD (, ) % (, )., 2, 3. 3
27 2, 53-70, 2009. (Nursing Home) * ** (Nursing Home). 5 50 5 2 1,,,,, SPSS t.,,,,,,,. :,, : 2009/08/27 : 2009/09/24 : 2009/09/30 * ** (: hjkim@daelim.ac.kr) 54 한국교육문제연구제 27 권 2 호, 2009. I. 1.,,,,,,, (,
16(4)-05.fm
w m y Vol. 16(4), p. 53~61, 2011 œ 광물찌꺼기에함유된오염물질의안정화를위한표면차폐재의성능평가 ½ ³ 1 Á 1 *Á½ 2 Á½ 2 Á 3 Á 3 1 w œ w œw, 2 ( ) f lp, 3 w Ÿw œ Ÿw» Evaluation of Surface Water-preventing Materials on Stabilization of
Seoul Garden 11
ALL YOU CAN EAT KOREAN BBQ SEOUL GARDEN ALL YOU CAN EAT KOREAN BBQ A B ORIGINAL AYCE $9 per guest PREMIUM AYCE $9 per guest Includes Mini Octopus, LA Short Ribs, Shrimp () Single person AYCE upcharge of
07.045~051(D04_신상욱).fm
J. of Advanced Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, No. 1 (2008) pp. 45-51 f m s p» w Á xá zá Ÿ Á w m œw Image Retrieval Based on Gray Scale Histogram Refinement and Horizontal Edge Features Sang-Uk Shin,
11(1)-15.fm
w y wz 11«1y 73~80 (2011.8.) Journal of Korean Society of Urban Environment SWMM 을이용한도시지역비점오염부하저류시설용량산정 Áw«Á *Áy **Á½ yá½ Á x w w Á* û w y œw Á** w y lœw (2011 6 13, 2011 6 27 k) Determine Capacity of
20(2)-07[25].fm
![20(2)-07[25].fm](/thumbs/90/101890968.jpg "20(2)-07[25].fm")
J. Kor. Powd. Met. Inst., Vol. 20, No. 2, 2013 DOI: 10.4150/KPMI.2013.20.2.129 SMPS l ( )ƒ ù d e w y Á w t w» t l The Effect of Water Droplets on the Nano Particle Size Distribution using the SMPS System
Microsoft Word - KSR2012A021.doc
YWXY G ºG ºG t G G GGGGGGGGGrzyYWXYhWYXG Ÿƒ Ÿ ± k ¹Ÿˆ Review about the pantograph field test result adapted for HEMU-430X (1) ÕÕÛ äñ ã G Ki-Nam Kim, Tae-Hwan Ko * Abstract In this paper, explain differences
40.5(4) fm
KOREAN J. FOOD SCI. TECHNOL. Vol. 40, No. 5, pp. 503~509 (2008) w mw sƒ *Á Á Á Áy»x 1 Á 1 Á½ 1 Áy y 1 w, 1 t t Assessment of Estimated Daily Intakes of Preservatives in e Korean Population Sunghee Choi*,
93.fm
Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 625~630, 2008. Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-tricalcium Phosphate Sun-Ae
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 작약 ( 芍藥 ) Paeoniae Radix 생약연구과
한약재품질표준화연구사업단 작약 ( 芍藥 ) Paeoniae Radix 생약연구과 - 2 - KP 11 CP 2015 JP 16 Paeoniae Radix Paeoniae Radix Alba Paeoniae Radix Rubra Paeoniae Radix Paeonia lactiflora Pallas paeoniflorin, albiflorin 2.3% Paeonia
08.fm
w y wz 9«( 4y) 261~267, 2006 J. of the Korean Society for Environmental Analysis SDB-RPS j š w 3-Chloro-4- (dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5h)-furanone y Á Á l w œ Development of Disk-type Extraction of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-
11¹ÚÇý·É
Journal of Fashion Business Vol. 6, No. 5, pp.125~135(2002) The Present State of E-Business according to the Establishment Year and the Sales Approach of Dongdaemun Clothing Market Park, Hea-Ryung* and