DBPIA-NURIMEDIA

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1 J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 34(3), 361~365(2005) 한국식품영양과학회지 식이유황 MSM(Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) 급여가돼지의성장및질소와칼슘소화율에미치는영향 조진호 민병준 권오석 손경승 진영걸 김해진 김인호 단국대학교동물자원과학과 Effects of MSM (Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) Supplementation on Growth Performance and Digestibility of Ca and N in Pigs J. H. Cho, B. J. Min, O. S. Kwon, K. S. Shon, Y. G. Jin, H. J. Kim and I. H. Kim Dept. of Animal Resource & Sciences, Dankook University, Chungnam , Korea Abstract For the EXP 1, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of MSM (methyl sulfonyl methane) supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs. Sixty crossbred (Landrace Yorkshire Duroc) pigs (48.15±0.15 kg average initial body weight) were used in a 35 days growth assay. Dietary treat ments included 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (basal diet+0.01% MSM) and 3) T2 (basal diet+0.02% MSM). For overall period, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). Digestibilies of DM, N, Ca and P were not significant defferences (p>0.05). For the EXP 2, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of MSM and antibiotic supplementation on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in pigs. One hundred crossbred (Landrace Yorkshire Duroc) pigs (33.85±0.15 kg average initial body weight) were used in a 42 days growth assay. Dietary treatments included 1) Control (basal diet), 2) T1 (basal diet+0.05% neomycin sulfate, 0.055% oxytetracycline), 3) T2 (Con diet+0.01% MSM) and T3 (T1+0.01% MSM). For overall period, average daily gain and average daily feed intake of pigs fed T3, T2 diets were higher than those of CON diet (p<0.05). Average daily gain was not significantly different between T2 and T3. However, food efficiency of pigs fed CON was the highest among the treatments (p<0.05). Pigs fed T3 diet increased nutrient digestibility compared to other treatments (p<0.05). In conclusion, the results suggest that the dietary addition of MSM and antibiotics into diets for pigs affect growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Key words: MSM, antibiotic, growth, digestibility, pigs 서론식이유황 MSM(methyl surfurnyl methane) 은모든살아있는생물에존재하는구성요소이고사람을포함한동물에서자연적으로생성된다. 식이유황 MSM은 34% 의황을함유하는 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 의산화대사산물로, 자연적유기형태의생체이용가능한황이며특히우유 (3.3 ppm), 커피 (1.6 ppm), 토마토 (0.86 ppm), 옥수수 (0.11 ppm) 및알팔파 (0.07 ppm) 등에함유되어있다 (1). 서양의학에서는유황을의약품으로국부자극제, 피부질환, 변비, 치질등에이용하였고동양에서는그독성을제거후사용하면지혈작용, 신경마비, 냉수족등을치료하는약품으로사용하였다. 또한마늘과양파추출물에있는함유황유기화합물은현대적인항생제가나오기전에는티푸스, 콜레라, 이질등질병의치료약으로널리사용되어왔으며 (2,3) 병원성미생물의생육을억제하는것으로보고되고있다 (4). 동물을이용한시험에서는닭의시료에무기태 sulphate 를첨가하였을때병아리의성장및식이효율이개선되고식이유황의대사가질소대사와밀접한관계를가진다는보고 (5) 와 sulphate 첨가효과는함유황아미노산이부족하고 cystein이제한아미노산일때가장높다는보고가있다 (6). 이처럼닭에서식이유황의첨가효과는성장과식이효율에영향을미친다는보고가있지만돼지에서의식이유황에관한연구는전무한실정이다. MSM과같이성장촉진및질병치료에효과가있는식이첨가제로써항생제가있다. 양돈식이에대한항생제의첨가는성장율, 식이효율의개선, 질병예방및치료등의목적으로사용되고있다. 특히그효과는성돈보다는자돈에서, 위생적인환경보다는비위생적인환경에서, 그리고급격한환경변화와식이변경에처했을때더유효하다고한다 (7-9). Corresponding author. inhokim@dankook.ac.kr Phone: , Fax:

2 362 조진호 민병준 권오석 손경승 진영걸 김해진 김인호 주요항생제인 tetracycline 은수의학에서가축치료에사용되고있으며 (10) neomycin은단독으로급여하는것보다다른항생제와혼합급여시장염의치료나예방효과가있어어린돼지의성장능력을개선하며폐사율을감소시키는효과를가지고있다 (11,12). 성장촉진용항생제인 nosiheptide 의경우육성기는증체량이 13.1%, 식이효율이 7.6% 정도개선되었으며비육기에는증체량이 5.3%, 식이효율이 2.9% 개선되었다는보고가있다 (13). 따라서본연구에서는인체에서여러질병의치료목적으로쓰이며가축에서는성장및식이효율에효과가있는 MSM의첨가수준에따른육성돈의성장및영양소소화율에미치는영향을알아보기위한시험 1과육성돈에서항생제대체제로서 MSM의첨가가성장및영양소소화율에서미치는효과를알아보고자시험 2를실시하였다. 재료및방법시험동물및시험설계시험 1 : 3원교잡종 (Landrace Yorkshire Duroc) 육성돈 60두를공시하였으며시험개시시의체중은 48.15±0.15 kg이었고 35일간실시하였다. 시험설계는 Table 1과같이옥수수-대두박위주의식이에 NRC(14) 의영양소요구량에따라처리한대조구 (CON: 기초식이 ), 대조구식이내 MSM 0.01%(T1: 대조구+0.01% MSM), 대조구식이내 MSM 0.02%(T2: 대조구+0.02% MSM) 첨가하여 3처리로하여처리당 4반복, 반복당 5마리씩완전임의배치하였다. 시험 2 : 3원교잡종 (Landrace Yorkshire Duroc) 육성돈 100두를공시하였으며시험개시시의체중은 33.85±0.15 kg이었고 42일간실시하였다. 시험설계는 Table 1과같이옥수수-대두박위주의식이에 NRC(14) 의영양소요구량에따라처리한대조구 (CON: 기초식이 ), 대조구식이내황산네오마이신 0.05% 와 OTC (oxytetracycline) 0.055% 첨가한 T1구 (T1: 대조구+황산네오마이신 0.05%, OTC 0.055%), 대조구식이내 MSM 0.01% 첨가한 T2구 (T2: 대조구+0.01% MSM), T1 식이내 MSM 0.02% 첨가한 T3구 (T3: TRT % MSM) 로 4처리를하여처리당 5반복, 반복당 5마리씩완전임의배치하였다. 시험식이및사양관리기초식이는시험 1과 2에서동일하게옥수수-대두박위주로 3,350 kcal 대사에너지 /kg, 18.00% 의조단백질, 0.90% 의라이신, 0.28% 의메치오닌, 0.70% 의칼슘과 0.60% 의인을함유하였다. 시험식이는가루형태로자유채식토록하였으며, 물은자동급수기를이용하여자유로이먹을수있도록하였다. 체중및식이섭취량은시험종료시측정하여일당증체량, 일당식이섭취량, 식이효율을계산하였다. Table 1. Control diet composition (as fed basis) Ingredients % Corn Soybean meal Wheat grain Animal fat Rice bran Molasses Lupin, seeds Rapeseed meal Tricalcium phosphate Limestone Salt Vitamin/mineral premix 1) L-lysine HCL Antioxidant (ethoxyquin 25%) Chemical composition 2) Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) Crude protein (%) Lysine (%) Methionine (%) Calcium (%) Phosphorus (%) , ) Provided per kg of complex diet: 20,000 IU of vitamin A; 4,000 IU of vitamin D 3; 80 IU of vitamin E; 16 mg of vitamin K 3; 4 mg of thiamin; 20 mg of riboflavin; 6 mg of pyridoxine; 0.08 mg of vitamin B 12; 120 mg of niacin; 50 mg of Ca-pantothenate; 2 mg of folic acid; 0.08 mg of biotin; 70 mg Fe; 0.4 mg of Co; 0.15 mg of Se and 0.5 mg of I. 2) Calculated values. 영양소소화율측정 시험 1과 2 모두영양소소화율을측정하기위하여시험종료 7일전부터표시물로써산화크롬 (Cr 2O 3) 을식이내 0.2% 첨가하여급여후항문마사지법으로분을채취하여채취한분은 60 o C의건조기에서 72시간건조시킨후 Willey mill로분쇄후분석에이용하였다. Dry matter 소화율 : 30분간방냉한 crucible의항량을구하고시료를 2(±0.005) g을취한후 drying oven에넣고 100 o C에서 24시간건조한다음꺼내어 desiccator에서 30분간방냉시킨후 Crucible의중량을측정하였다. DM (%)= [100/( 시료 Cr/ 시료 DM)] -[100/( 분 Cr/ 분 DM)] 100/( 시료 Cr/ 시료 DM) Nitrogen 소화율 : 시료 0.4 g과함께분해촉진제 10 g을 500 ml Kjeldahl flask에넣은후진한황산 (H 2SO 4) 12 ml 을넣는다. Kjeldahl flask를 Kjeldahl 분해장치에연결하고가열후 Kjeldahl aparatus 를이용하여증류후 boric acid 방법으로적정하여측정하였다. N (%)= M 농도 (0.1 N HCl factor) 0.1 N HCl 적정량 (ml) Ca 소화율 : 시료의전처리 (2 g 정도의시료를 600 o C에서 3시간정도완전히회화를시킨후 10 ml의 6 N HCl 용액을

3 식이유황 MSM(Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) 급여가돼지의성장및질소와칼슘소화율에미치는영향 363 가한후 1일방치 ) 후시료를 100 ml Vol flask에여과한다. 여과가끝나면흔들어든후 30분간방치후상기시료액 5 ml를 250 ml 삼각 flask에취한다. 혼합용액 (NN 지시약 1 ml+triethanolamine 1 ml+증류수 100 ml+10% KCN +8 N NaOH 6 ml) 을첨가후 0.01 M EDTA 용액으로적정하고이때 flask의용액색깔이보라색에서푸른색으로변하는시점에서 2~3방울더가하여이때적정량을기록하였다 M EDTA 적정량 희석배수 (200) F (0.01 M EDTA용액 factor) Ca (%)= P 소화율 : Ca 분석시전처리된시료액 100 ml Vol flask 에서시료액 5 ml을 tube(50 ml) 에넣은후증류수 45 ml 을첨가하여 10배희석한다. 시료액 10 ml와발색제 (ammonium molybdate 20 g+ammonium metavanadate 0.47 g+ HNO ml 증류수로희석 ) 10 ml을혼합후 5~10분간방치하고 430 nm spec(shimadzu, UV-1201, Japan) 에서흡광도를측정한다. P (%)= ppm ( 흡광도 factor) 희석배수 화학분석 사료의일반성분과표시물로혼합된 Cr은 AOAC(15) 에의해분석하였다. 통계처리 실험에서얻어진성적은 SAS(16) 의 General Linear Model Procedure를이용 Ducan's multiple range test(17) 로처리하여평균간의유의성을검정하였다. 시험 1 결과및고찰 사양성적 : 사양시험동안시험식이를급여한돼지의일당증체량, 일당식이섭취량및식이효율은 Table 2와같다. 사양시험기간동안일당증체량, 일당식이섭취량및식이효율은처리구간에유의적인차이가없었다. Lovett 등 (18) 은 0.55% 의함유황아미노산을함유하는자돈식이내 methionine, choline 과 sulphate를첨가하였을때돼지의성장을개선하지못하였다고보고하였다. Methionine 함량이 0.2% 낮춘식이에서 sulphate의첨가는병아리의성장을개선하였지만유의적인차이를보이지않았다는보고 (19) 와 Sasse 와 Baker(6) 는병아리식이내함유황아미노산이부족하고 (0.40%) cystine이제1제한아미노산일때 sulphate의첨가는성장을개선하였으나 methionine이제1제한아미노산인옥수수-대두박을기초로하는돼지식이의경우는 sulphate 첨가는효과가없었다고보고하였다. 따라서함유황아미노산이부족한식이내에서는 sulphate의첨가는함유황아미 Table 2. Effect of MSM supplementation on growth perfor mance 1) CON T1 2) T2 2) SE 3) 0~35 days ADG 4) (g) ADFI 4) (g) Gain/Feed ) Sixty pigs with average initial body weight of 48.15±0.15 kg (SD). 2) T1, CON diet+msm 0.01%; T2, CON diet+msm 0.02%. 4) ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake. 노산의일부를대치하여성장을개선할수있으나함유황아미노산을충족시킨식이내에서는 sulphate의첨가는성장개선효과가없는것으로여겨지며이에대한계속적인연구가필요하리라사료된다. 영양소소화율 : 식이유황의급여가돼지의영양소소화율에미치는영향은 Table 3과같다. 건물과질소소화율에있어서는 T2 처리구가높은경향을보였으나처리구간유의적인차이는없었다. Choi와 Han(5) 은유황의대사는질소대사와밀접한관계를갖는다고보고하였다. 하지만본시험에서는질소소화율의증가를발견할수없었다. 이러한결과는위내미생물은모든유황을다이용하여함유황아미노산을합성하고이것을소화에이용하는반추동물과는달리돼지에서는유황의첨가가위내미생물층에영향을미치지않는것으로여겨지고식이내식이유황이영양소이용율에미치는영향에관한연구가필요하리라사료된다. 시험 2 사양성적 : 사양시험동안시험식이를급여한육성돈의일당증체량, 일당식이섭취량및식이효율은 Table 4와같다. 일당증체량은 T3 처리구에서가장높았고 (p<0.05) T2 처리구, T1 처리구, 대조구 (CON) 순으로나타났다. 일당식이섭취량에서도역시 T3 처리구가가장높았고 (p<0.05) T2, T1, 대조구순으로나타났다. 일당증체량이본시험에서는대조구에비해 T2 처리구가높아유의적인차이를보여시험 1의결과와차이가있었다. 유황의체내이용성은사료내유기태와무기태유황의비율에따라변한다는보고 (20) 가있다. 돼지식이내각종질병예방및치료하고병원성미생물의 Table 3. Effect of MSM supplementation on nutrient digest ibilty 1) (%) Item CON T1 2) T2 2) SE 3) Dry matter Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus ) Sixty pigs with average initial body weight of 48.15±0.15 kg (SD). 2) T1, CON diet+msm 0.01%; T2, CON diet+msm 0.02%.

4 364 조진호 민병준 권오석 손경승 진영걸 김해진 김인호 Table 4. Effects of MSM and antibiotic supplementation on growth performance 1) 0~42 days ADG 4) (g) ADFI 4) (g) Gain/Feed CON T1 2) T2 2) T3 2) SE 3) 645 b5) 1227 c a 723 ab 1434 b ab 773 a 1595 a ab 795 a 1622 a b ) One hundred pigs with average initial body weight of 33.85± 0.15 kg (SD). 2) T1, CON diet+neomycin sulfate 0.05%+OTC 0.055%; T2, CON diet+msm 0.01%; T3, CON diet+neomycin sulfate 0.05 %+OTC 0.055%+MSM 0.01%. 4) ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake. 5) Means in the same row with different superscripts differ (p< 0.05). 생육을억제하는효능을가진식이유황의첨가가성장에미치는영향에관한체계적인연구가필요하리라사료된다. 식이중항생제첨가가유해한미생물이성장을억제, 파괴하여미생물에의한소화기관의손상을치료예방하여성장을촉진시켰다는보고 (21,22) 가있으며, 유황의함량에따라소장에서 methionine의흡수에영향을미친다고하였다 (20). 본시험에서 T3구의이러한연구결과에따라서식이유황과항생제의혼합급여는 T3 처리구의성장에영향을미친것으로사료된다. 영양소소화율 : 식이유황과항생제의급여가육성돈의영양소소화율에미치는영향은 Table 5와같다. 영양소소화율의경우 T3구가다른처리구에비해증가하는경향을보였다 (p<0.05). 본시험의결과는 Choi와 Han(5) 의연구결과인유황의대사는질소대사와밀접한관계를갖는다는보고와는일치하였으나 Min 등 (23) 의항생제의첨가가돼지의영양소소화율에큰영향을미치지않았다는보고와 Yoo 등 (24) 의육성돈식이에항생제를첨가하였더니영양소이용율에있어서역시아무런효과를보지못하였다는보고와는상이한결과를나타냈다. 본시험에서식이유황과항생제를혼합급여한처리구에서영양소소화율이개선되었으나시험 1과 2의결과에서볼수있듯이식이유황의식이내 Table 5. Effect of MSM and antibiotic supplementation on nutrient digestibilty 1) (%) Item CON T1 2) T2 2) T3 2) SE 3) Dry matter Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus d4) d c c b c b ab c b bc b a a a a ) One hundred pigs with average initial body weight of 33.85± 0.15 kg (SD). 2) T1, CON diet+neomycin sulfate 0.05%+OTC 0.055%; T2, CON diet+msm 0.01%; T3, CON diet+neomycin sulfate 0.05 %+OTC 0.055%+MSM 0.01%. 4) Means in the same row with different superscripts differ (p< 0.05). 첨가가영양소소화율에미치는영향을정확히결론짓기는무리가따르리라생각되며, 식이내식이유황의체계적인연구가필요하리라사료된다. 요 본연구는식용유황으로사용되고있는 MSM(methyl sulfonyl methane) 을돼지식이에첨가하였을때성장능력과영양소소화율에미치는영향을평가하기위하여실시하였다. 시험 1에서는 3원교잡종 (Landrace Yorkshire Duroc) 육성돈 60두를공시하였으며시험개시시의체중은 48.15±0.15 kg이었고 35일간실시하였다. 시험설계는옥수수-대두박위주의식이로서처리한대조구 (Cotrol: 대조구 ), 대조구식이내 MSM 0.01%(T1: 대조구+0.01% MSM), 0.02%(T2: 대조구+0.02% MSM) 로 3처리를하여처리당 5반복, 반복당 5마리씩완전임의배치하였다. 일당증체량과일당식이섭취량은 T1 처리구가높은경향을보였으나유의적인차이는없었다 (p>0.05). 식이효율과영양소소화율역시처리구간에유의적인차이가없었다 (p>0.05). 시험 2에서는 3원교잡종육성돈 100두를공시하였으며, 시험개시시체중은 38.85± 0.15 kg이었다. 시험설계는옥수수-대두박위주의기초식이대조구 (CON), 대조구식이에황산네오마이신 0.05%, OTC (oxytetracycline) 0.05% 첨가구 (T1), 대조구식이에 MSM 0.01% 첨가구 (T2) 및대조구식이에황산네오마이신 0.05%, OTC 0.05% 와 MSM 0.01% 첨가구 (T3) 로 4개처리로하였다. 일당증체량은 MSM 0.01% 첨가한 T2구와항생제와 MSM 0.01% 첨가한 T3구가유의적으로높았다 (p<0.05). 일당식이섭취량에서는 T2 처리구와 T3 처리구에서증가함을보였다 (p<0.05). 식이효율은대조구에서가장높은경향을보였다 (p<0.05). 결론적으로, 실험 1과 2에서알수있듯이돼지에있어사료내 MSM의첨가는성장율을향상시킬것으로기대되고앞으로많은연구가필요할것으로사료되며항생제와의혼합첨가는성장율과영양소소화율을향상시키는효과가있을것으로사료된다. 문 1. Pearson TW, Dawson HJ, Lackey HB Natural occurring levels of dimethyl sulfoxide in selected fruits, vegetables, grains, and beverages. J Agric Food Chem 29: Block E The art and science. In Folk medicine. Steiner RP, ed. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. p Block E The organosulfur chemistry of the genus allium-implications for the organic chemistry of sulfur. Angew Chem Int Fd Engi 31: Kumar M, Berwal JS Sensitivity of food pathogens to garlic (Allium sativum). J Appl Microbiol 84: Choi JH, Han IK Effects of substitution of sodium on sodium sulphate for methionine on performance and nu- 약 헌

5 식이유황 MSM(Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) 급여가돼지의성장및질소와칼슘소화율에미치는영향 365 trient metabolism of broiler chickens. Korea J Ani Sci 16: Sasse CE, Baker DH Factors affecting sulphatesulphur utilization by young chick. Poultry Sci 53: Hawbaker JA, Diaz F, Speer VC, Hay and Catron DV The effect of oleandomycin on the performance of the young growing pigs. J Anim Sci 19: Hay VW The role of antibiotics in efficient livestock production. In Nurt. and Drug Interrelations. Hathcock JN, Coon J, eds. Academic Press, NY. p Wachholz DE, Heidenriech CJ Effect of tyrosne on swine growth in two environment. J Anim Sci 31: FEDESA The use of antibiotics in animals (internet communication). Available at hppt:// PublicSite/xtra/ABKit/abkit.htm. 11. Crum RCJr Complementory action of neo-terramycin in pig starter ration. Proc. of Pfizer 19th Anu. Res. Conf. p Hawbaker JA The effect of neoterramycin on broilers and weanling pigs. Proc. of Pfizer 14th Anu. Res. Conf. p Cromwell GL, Stahly TS, Speer VC, Kelly RO Efficacy of nosiheptide as a growth promoter for growingfinishing swine. J Anim Sci 59: NRC Nutrient Requirement of Swine. 10th ed. National Academy Press, Washington DC, USA. p AOAC Official Method of Analysis. 16th ed. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, DC, USA. p SAS SAS User Guide. Release 6.12 ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC, USA. 17. Duncan DB Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometerics 11: Lovett TD, Coffey MT, Miles RD, Combs GE Methionine, choline and sulphate interrelationships in the diet of weanling swine. J Anim Sci 63: Miller D, Biddle GN, Bauersfeld Jr, Cuppett SL Soybean meal diets supplemented with sulphate, methionine and fishery products. Poultry Sci 53: Michels FG, Smith JT A comparison of the utilization of organic and inorganic sulphur by rat. J Nurt 87: Hay VW, Muir WM Efficacy and safety of feed additive ues of antibacterial drugs in animal production. Can J Anim Sci 59: Noh SH, Moon HK, Han IK, Shin IS Effect of dietary growth promoting substances on growth performance in pigs. Korean J Anim Sci 37: Min TS, Han IK, Chung IB, Kim IB Effects of dietary supplementation with antibiotics, sulfur compound, copper sulfate, enzyme and probiotics on the growing performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Kor J Anim Nurt Feed 16: Yoo MI, Han IK, Kwon K, Sohn KS, Kang SW Growth-stimulating effect of virginiamycin for growingfinishing swine. Kor J Anim Sci 27: (2004 년 10 월 22 일접수 ; 2005 년 3 월 3 일채택 )

45 2, (2018) Korean J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.2, (2018) 73 Calculation of Replacement Price for

45 2, (2018) Korean J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.2, (2018) 73 Calculation of Replacement Price for 45 2, 73 79 (2018) Korean J. Poult. Sci. Vol.45, No.2, 73 79 (2018) https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2018.45.2.73 73 Calculation of Replacement Price for Alternative Feed Ingredient in Consideration of Nutrient