454 Han-Soo Kim 로인하여발생하는다리길이차이를해결하도록개발된확장형 종양대치물 (expandable endoprosthesis) 은 90 년대중반에국내에 도입되었고, 기존종양대치물의적응연령을낮추어더많은환 자가종양대치물을이용하여기능적인관절을가지게되었다. 4-7)
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1 453 pissn : , eissn : Symposium J Korean Orthop Assoc 2015; 50: Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Bone Tumors 악성골종양에서종양대치물을이용한사지구제술 김한수 서울대학교병원정형외과 Endoprosthetic Reconstruction in the Limb Salvage Surgery for Treatment of Malignant Bone Tumors Han-Soo Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea Endoprosthetic replacement is the most frequently used surgical method for the skeletal reconstruction in the limb salvage surgery for malignant bone tumors. Modular prostheses are generally used for typical locations such as distal and proximal femur, proximal tibia and proximal humerus. Expandable prosthesis is used to overcome leg length discrepancy in growing children. Aseptic loosening, infection and mechanical failure are major complications resulting in revision surgery. Many efforts should be made to develop more durable and functional implants to improve the quality of life of sarcoma survivors. Key words: limb salvage surgery, endoprosthetic reconstruction 서론 악성골종양환자의약 90% 는절단술이아니라사지구제술로치 료받고있으며종양절제후가장많이쓰이는골격재건방법이 바로종양대치물을이용한방법이다. 처음에는결손부위에맞는 모양으로주문제작형으로개발되어사용되었으나, 1,2) 1980 년대 중반에악성골종양의치료방법으로사지구제술이보편화되면서 조립형 (modular) 타입의종양대치물을몇몇임플란트회사에서 생산하기시작하였다. 2,3) 원위대퇴골이나근위경골의일부를대 치하는형태에서부터대퇴골전체, 상완골전체를대치하는종양 대치물까지다양한형태가개발되어쓰이고있다 (Fig. 1). 현재사 지악성종양환자의대부분은절단술대신사지구제술로치료받 고있으며종양절제후가장흔히사용되는골격재건방법이바 로종양대치물을이용한방법이다. 성장기환자에서성장판손실 Received December 4, 2015 Accepted December 4, 2015 Correspondence to: Han-Soo Kim, M.D. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea TEL: FAX: hankim@snu.ac.kr A B C Figure 1. Osteosarcoma of the distal femur. (A) Osteolytic lesion of the medullary canal and periosteal reaction are seen on the plain radiograph. (B) Intramedullary geographic lesion of low signal is seen on the T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging. (C) The image shows endoprosthetic replacement with uncemented fixation of the distal femur. The Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association Volume 50 Number Copyright 2015 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
2 454 Han-Soo Kim 로인하여발생하는다리길이차이를해결하도록개발된확장형 종양대치물 (expandable endoprosthesis) 은 90 년대중반에국내에 도입되었고, 기존종양대치물의적응연령을낮추어더많은환 자가종양대치물을이용하여기능적인관절을가지게되었다. 4-7) 최근에는사지구제술에서골격재건의목적으로동종골을활 용하는비율이많아지고있는데이러한방법들의각각의장점을 모아서필요한부위나기능, 내구성등을고려하여, 동종골과종 양대치물을조합하여사용하기도한다. 특히슬개건이나회전근 개등이붙어있는동종골이관절면의종양대치물과결합되어종 종쓰이고있다. 8,9) 악성종양의치료에서삽입되는종양대치물은종양아닌다른 이유로시행되는일반적인슬관절치환술이나고관절치환술에 비하여장기적인결과가좋지않다. 이는광범위한골격결손의 크기와그에맞는볼륨의큰이물질로인한감염의위험성이높 고상당한양의근육및연부조직의결손까지동반되어관절불 안정성의위험과함께종양대치물에훨씬더많은스트레스가전 달되기때문일것이다. 각종항암화학요법의발달로뼈암이나연 부조직육종환자들의치료성적이좋아지고장기간생존환자들 이많아지며, 또한많은원발성뼈암이청소년기에발생한다는 점때문에보다내구성이있고기능적으로우수한종양대치물을 개발하기위한노력이필요하다. 1. 종양대치물의일반적특성 본론 장관골의골간부부위의종양을제거한뒤골간부만의결손부위 를재건하기위해서사용하는종양대치물이나관절유합술을위 Figure 2. (A) Plain radiographs show the total femur replacement with bipolar type. (B) Photograph of the total femoral prosthesis with expandable type. A B 해서쓰이는종양대치물도있으나대부분의종양대치물은가동성관절인인공관절을포함하여골단부, 골간단부의종양을제거한뒤관절을움직일수있도록인공관절을포함하는형태로사용된다. 장점으로는관절의움직임을어느정도보존할수있고수술후환자가조기에체중부하보행을할수있으며재활훈련이가능하다. 특히시멘트를사용한경우에는자가골이나동종골을사용한경우와달리수술후즉시체중부하를할수있다. 또한일반적으로사용하는조립형종양대치물은절제한뼈의크기에맞게원하는길이로선택하여사용할수있다. 하지에서는경골의근위약 2/3 정도를대치할수있고, 대퇴골은원위부일부나근위부일부, 또는대퇴골전체를치환하는임플란트까지사용가능하다 (Fig. 2). 족관절을포함하는경골원위부는종양대치물을사용하기에는적합하지않으며족관절유합술이바람직하다. 상지에서는상완골의근위부치환을하는경우가대부분이며주관절을인공관절로하여상완골전체를치환할수도있다. 장관골의골간부만을치환하는대치물도있다. 현재우리나라에서사용가능한종양대치물은현재독일에서제작되는한종류의임플란트 (MUTARS; Implantcast GmbH, Buxtehude, Germany) 만이수입되어사용되고있다. 8) 최근에는동종골이나재처리한자가골의활용비율이많아지고있는데이러한방법들의장점을모아서필요한부위나기능, 내구성등을고려하여동종골이나재처리한자가골과종양대치물을조합하여사용하기도하며, 이를동종골-종양대치물복합체 (allograft-prosthesis composite, APC) 라고한다. 슬개건이붙어있는근위경골, 외전근이붙어있는근위대퇴골, 회전근개와관절막이붙어있는근위상완골등에관절부분만인공관절로치환하는방식의복합체는관절주변의연부조직재건과그로인한관절안정성및운동범위향상에이점이있다. 9,10) 골반골에서종양대치물을사용하여사지구제술을하는경우는주로종양제거로인하여비구 (acetabulum) 가소실되는경우이다. 현재우리나라에서사용가능한골반골용종양대치물은 LINK사 (Hamburg, Germany) 의 saddle prosthesis가유일하며과거에종종사용되었으나이임플란트는고관절의관절운동범위가매우작아서환자가의자에앉기가상당히불편하며장기적으로상방전위가일어나거나감염위험, 기계적부전등많은합병증으로인하여별로권장되지않는다. 외국에서는아이스크림모양의종양대치물 (ice cream cone prosthesis) 을비롯하여몇가지형태의종양대치물들이사용되고있으나고관절의재건술은술자에따라, 그리고종양제거범위범위에따라종양대치물이외에도다양한방법들이사용되고있다. 저자는종양절제술후저온열처리로암세포를제거한다음다시원래위치에고정하고관절부분은인공관절로치환하는방식의술식을이용하여만족할만한결과를발표한바있다. 11) 그러나이렇게자가골을재활용하는방식 (recycled autograft) 은이미암으로인하여골실질의결손이심한
3 455 Endoprosthetic Reconstruction in the Limb Salvage Surgery 경우에는그리적합하지못하다. 최근에우리나라에서도동종골을비교적쉽게확보할수있게됨에따라과거에열처리후다시이식하던자가골을대신하여생역학적으로강도가더강한동종골을이용하고고관절에는관절치환술을시행하는방식의사지구제술이시행되기도한다 (Fig. 3). 종양대치물을이용한사지구제술후에는세균감염이나해리 (loosening), 임플란트의파손등과같은합병증이발생할수있다. 조립형이아닌주문제작형의경우에는높은비용이문제가되며, 또한경우에따라원하는모양이나크기의임플란트를구하지못할수도있다. 대표적원발뼈암인골육종이청소년에발생한다는점을고려할때, 이렇게어린나이에종양대치물을이용한사지구제술을받으면일생동안몇차례의재수술이불가피하게된다. 따라서가급적이면수술할때마다환자자신의뼈 (bone stock) 를최대한많이보존하겠다는생각을하면서재건수술방법을택하는것이중요하다. 스템을시멘트고정하는방법은수술후즉시체중부하와관절운동이가능하여재활이빠른반면에나중에재치환술을하기가어려우며, 재치환술을할때시멘트를제거하면서상당량의뼈가훼손될수있다. 대부분의골육종이생기는청소년연령에서종양대치물을이용한사지구제술을받은환자라면암에서완치되어평생수차례재수술이필요할것을고려할때가급적시멘트타입은피하고싶은방법일것이다. 그러나골육종으로사지구제술을받은환자는수술후에수개월이상항암치료를받게되며그영향으로일반인에비하여스템표면으로골내성장 (bone ingrowth) 능력이감소되어있다. 따라서무시멘트타입의임플란트를삽입하는경우에는완전한고정이될때까지체중부하나적극적인관절운동을약간제한하여야하는불편함은있다. 그러나장기적으로보면재치환술을하게되는경우에시멘트타입보 다조금이라도자기뼈를더보존할수있다는측면에서는장점이있다고하겠다. 12,13) 2. 종양대치물을이용한사지구제술의적응증및금기일반적인사지구제술을적응증이종양대치물을이용한재건술에도대부분해당된다. 가장중요한점은절단술을하지않고도광범위절제연을확보할수있어야한다는것이다. 종양의뼈밖으로주위의거의모든근육을침범하여사지구제술을하더라도관절기능을가능케할만한근육이거의남아있지않을정도라면차라리절단을하거나관절유합술을하는것이낫다. 즉사지구제술을하는것이적어도절단하는것보다는기능적으로우수해야한다. 주요혈관이나신경을종양이침범하지않아야하지만혈관은이식할수도있고신경도절제후의기능을받아들일수있거나신경이식술을함께한다면주요혈관, 신경의침범은항상사지구제술의금기가되는것은아니다. 장관골의경우종양대치물의종류에따라다르긴하지만골수강에스템이삽입될만큼충분한길이의뼈가남아있어야한다. 전위가심한병적골절이나조직검사로인한혈종이광범위하여주위연부조직에상당히많은종양세포의확산이의심될때는사지구제술을시행하기어려우며, 긴치료과정동안협조를기대하기어려운환자도종양대치물을사용하기에는적절하지않다. 광범위절제연을얻기위하여너무많은근육들이절제되어남아있는근육이매우적어관절운동이나다른능동운동이어렵게될경우또는종양대치물이연부조직이나피부로완전히덮이기어려워창상문제와국소감염의가능성이많게될때에는관절유합술이나절단술같은방법이유리하다. 또한심부감염증이이미동반된환자는금기이다. A B Figure 3. Osteosarcoma of the pelvis. (A) The tumor is located in the superior ramus and acetabulum with huge extraosseous mass formation, which suggests osteosarcoma of the pelvis. (B) After type II, III pelvic resection, which means resection of pubic ramus (type III) and acetabulum (type II), hip was reconstructed with pelvic allograft (for acetabulum) augmented with reinforcement cage and cemented fixation. The allograft with cage was fixed with ilium using pins, plate and screws. The junction between the ilium and the acetabulum of the allograft was well united.
4 456 Han-Soo Kim 3. 종양대치물의종류 1) 조립형 (modular type) 과주문제작형 (custom type) 우리가사용하는거의모든종양대치물은조립형으로부위와결 손크기에따라장관골에서대략 2 cm 씩길이를조절하며선택할 수있다. 성인에서주문제작형을사용할경우는사실상거의없 다. 주문제작형은절제할뼈의크기에맞게주문제작하는종양대 치물로성인용종양대치물을사용하기에는뼈가작은소아또는 청소년에서환자의뼈에적합한크기로제작할필요가있을때 사용한다. 주문형은조립형에비하여훨씬비용이많이소요되므 로꼭필요한경우가아니라면잘이용하지않는경향이있다. 2) 확장형종양대치물 (expandable prosthesis) 확장가능형종양대치물은아직성장이끝나지않은소아에서종 양절제와함께성장판이제거되는경우, 성장에따른다리길이 의차이를맞추어주기위하여특수하게주문제작하여사용하 는임플란트이다. 골단판성장이종료시기에거의도달했거나 2 cm 이하정도의최종길이차이가예상될때는굳이사용할필요 가없고대개절제될부분에서 3-4 cm 이상성장이남았을때적 응이된다 (Fig. 4). 또 10 세보다어린나이에서는너무작은크기의 종양대치물을쓸수밖에없고골수강내에삽입될스템또한매 우가늘어서나중에금속부전 (metal failure) 의가능성이나내구 성측면에서문제가있다. 그리고대퇴골원위성장판의경우확 A B C Figure 4. Expandable prosthesis of the distal femur. (A) After resection of the distal femur, custom type expandable prosthesis was placed with cement fixation. (B) Screwdriver pits for lengthening procedure are seen at the proximal portion of the implant. (C) After two times of lengthening procedure, the length of 4 cm was gained. 장가능형을쓴다고해도아주어린나이라면최종길이차이가너무크기때문에최대한확장을하더라도길이차이를완전히없앨수없다. 확장형타입은성장이끝날때까지필요에따라몇차례종양대치물을늘리기위한추가수술이필요하다. 구미에서는환부를절개하지않고체내에있는임플란트를밖에서조정하여자동적으로늘어나게하는비침습형연장술 (noninvasive lengthening) 을할수있는종양대치물이제작되어사용되고있으나우리나라에는비용적인문제로인하여사용할수없다. 4. 합병증종양대치물을이용한사지구제술을받은환자는일반적인관절치환술과달리제거한뼈길이만큼의금속임플란트가체내에있게된다. 이렇게거대한이물질이계속체내에존재한다는것은수술후조기합병증의위험을증가시킬수도있을뿐만아니라수년이지나서도감염위험이존재함을의미하게된다. 또종양제거와함께뼈주위의근육과같은연부조직이많이소실되어의도치않게피부에서가까운위치에금속종양대치물이놓이게되는경우가있게된다. 또한일반관절치환술에비하여긴수술시간, 많은수혈량등이감염률을높이게된다. 수술후조기합병증으로는피부괴사와관련된창상문제, 감염, 관절불안정성및탈구, 신경및혈관손상, 관절운동지연으로인한관절강직등이있다. 피부괴사등의창상문제는특히피부바로밑에종양대치물이위치하게되는근위경골에서문제가된다. 이를해결하기위하여비복근 (gastrocnemius muscle) 의내측절반을원위부에서떼어방향을바꿔서대치물을덮어주고, 일차봉합하기에피부가부족하면옮겨놓은근육위에피부이식을한다. 조기심부감염은일찍적극적인세척술과항생제정맥투여를함으로써지연감염보다는비교적좋은결과를얻을수있다. 과거에는감염률이 10%- 25% 정도였으나 90년대이후에는상당히감소하였다. 관절의불안정성이나탈구는특히고관절과견관절에서관절의안정성유지에필요한근육, 인대들의제거에기인하는데, 인조인대성분 (popolyethylene terephthalate) 의튜브나 Marlex mesh 같은물질로관절에봉합하고여기에근, 건을부착시켜비교적안정성을줄수있다. 술후화학요법을해야하는환자는특히관절운동의소홀로인하여강직이많이발생하므로이를막기위해화학요법을시작하기전까지가급적많은운동범위를얻도록하며, 화학요법중에도지속적으로관절운동을하도록해야한다. 수술후회복기가지나고수년이지난후에발생할수있는합병증은감염, 해리 (aseptic loosening), 종양대치물의파단 (metal failure), 폴리에틸렌마모 (polyethylene wear), 피로골절등이있다 ) 지연감염은대개조기감염보다결과가좋지않으며, 대부분은종양대치물을제거하고임시로항생제를섞은시멘트 (temporary spacer)
5 457 Endoprosthetic Reconstruction in the Limb Salvage Surgery 를삽입한후적어도 6 주이상항생제를투여한다음 C 반응성단 백 (C-reactive protein) 수치를비롯하여염증의소견이완전히사 라진다음다시종양대치물을삽입한다. 종종관절유합술이나절 단이필요하기도하다. 암치료의발달로장기간생존환자가많 아짐에따라무균성해리 (aseptic loosening) 가장기적인합병증의 상당부분을차지할것으로예상된다. 또한마모나파단같은기 계적인합병증도발생한다. 종양대치물수술의가장심각한합병 증인감염의발생을줄이기위하여금속표면을은 (silver) 으로코 팅한임플란트가이용되기도한다. 16) 5. 종양대치물의부위별특징 많은합병증으로인하여종양대치물의장기생존은일반적인인 공관절치환술에서보다좋지않다. 과거에는근위경골이높은 비율의감염발생으로다른부위에비하여비교적나쁜것으로 알려졌으나최근에는다른부위보다비교적장기생존에서큰차 이는없다고보고된다. 근위대퇴골은주위에근육이많아서비교적좋은기능적결과 를얻을수있다. 고관절외전근과장요근의재건이치환물의안 정성및기능에중요하다. 외전근과장요근은직접금속대전자 부위에부착할수는없으므로폴리머재질의헝겊같은튜브를 임플란트에씌워서단단히고정한다음여기에근육을부착하면 비교적견고한부착과함께고관절의안정성까지얻을수있다 (Fig. 5). 종양대치물의 5 년생존율은 80%-90% 로보고되고있고, 10 년 생존율은최고 82% 까지보고되고있다. 가장큰문제는고관절의 불안정성으로인한탈구이다. 14,15,17-19) A B C Figure 5. Modular-type endoprosthesis of the proximal femur. (A) During the operation, a surgeon can select the implant of the same size with the excised specimen. (B) Plain radiograph shows the well placed implant instead of the proximal femur. (C) The implant is wrapped tightly with the fabric-like polymer material, and the hip abductors and psoas muscle were sutured to the material. 원위대퇴골은종양이가장호발하는부위이므로종양대치물이가장많이사용되는부위이기도하다. 종양제거후에도대개슬개건은환자자신의경골에부착된채남아있게되고사두고근을꽤많이제거해도슬관절의굴신기능은어느정도가능하므로수술후탁월한굴신운동을가질수있어관절기능결과가좋다. 근위대퇴골은확장형종양대치물의가장적당한적응증이되는부위이다. 종양대치물의 10년생존율은 48%-80% 정도로알려져있다. 슬관절을구성하는폴리에틸렌부싱마모, 파손, 스템파손등기계자체와관련된합병증이비교적잦은편이었다. 환자의생존이늘어나면서무균성해리가점점증가한다. 단기추시에서도 0%-11% 정도로보고되고있다 ,20-22) 대퇴골길이의 40% 이상절제한경우에서그렇지않은경우에비하여결과가나빴다는보고가있다. 23) 근위경골은해부학적으로뼈와피부사이에별다른연부조직없기때문에종양대치물이피부의바로아래에놓이게되어세균감염에매우취약하게된다. 이를해결하기위하여비복근의내측절반을원위부에서떼어방향을돌려종양대치물을덮어주면서하퇴부전방근육과연결되게한다. 이전된근육두께로인하여피부봉합이어려우면피부이식을한다. 또다른문제로는근위경골의종양을제거하면슬개건을종양대치물에강력하게부착하여슬관절신전기능을복원하는것이중요하다. 앞서기술한폴리머재질의재료를이용하여골막처럼종양대치물을둘러싼다음여기에슬개건을봉합하는것이좋은방법이다 (Fig. 6). 슬개건이붙어있는동종골을이용하고관절면을치환하는 APC를사용하기도하며, 이때사용하는인공관절은종양대치물을썼을때보다더넓은범위의굴신운동을가능하게한다. 종양대치물의 10 년생존율은 40%-63% 정도이다 ,24) 근위상완골종양은신경, 혈관들과거리가가깝다는점, 종양이견관절을침범하는경우가많다는점, 회전근개의재건상어려움등으로인하여재건술이어려운경우가많다 (Fig. 7). 기능적으로견관절유합술보다별로나은점이없으나최근에는관절면에역행성견관절치환술 (reverse shoulder arthroplasty) 을시행하여과거에비하여비교적많은견관절운동범위를얻을수있다. 또한회전근개가붙어있는동종골과의복합체로사용하여관절안정성을강화할수있다. 그러나삼각근과액와신경이제거될경우에는관절운동이매우감소하며이들이보존되어있어도실제로관절운동을많이기대하기는어렵다. 스템의해리는체중부하를하지않으므로하지보다적게발생한다. 심한육체노동이필요한경우에는관절유합술이바람직하다. 8,9) 1) 골반부골반부에사용할수있는종양대치물의종류에는많은제한이따른다. 대개비구와고관절을포함한 type II 절제술후에고관절을재건하는경우에종양대치물을이용한다. 여기에는 saddle pros-
6 458 Han-Soo Kim A B C D Figure 6. Endoprosthesis of the proximal tibia. (A) Osteosarcoma of the proximal tibia. (B) Endoprosthesis was placed after excision of the proximal tibial lesion. (C) The implant is wrapped tightly with the fabric-like polymer material for attachment of the patellar tendon. (D) The implant was covered with the muscle flap in order not to be placed just beneath the skin. A B C D E Figure 7. Endoprosthetic replacement for the proximal humerus. (A) A typical image of the proximal humeral osteosarcoma. (B) The magnetic resonance imaging finding is compatible with the osteosarcoma. (C) A photograph of the endoprosthesis. (D) Surrounding muscles are attached the polymer material wrapped around the implant. (E) Postoperative radiograph. thesis, artificial pelvis, 동종골 ( 또는재활용자가골 )-종양대치물복합체 (APC) 등이있다. 이중 saddle prosthesis는사용하기쉬워과거에가장많이사용되었으나전술한바와같이합병증이흔하며앉는자세를할수없어서권장할만하지못하다. 환자에따라서별다른골격재건술을하지않고절제성형술 (resection arthroplasty) 을하는것이유리한경우도있다. 11) 2) 경골원위부저자는원위경골의종양을제거한다음대치할종양대치물을주문제작하여치료한결과를발표한바있다. 현재까지장기추시한결과는거골임플란트의붕괴, 경골부분의해리, 세균감염등합병증으로인하여족관절유합술에비하여우수하다고는할수없으며권장할만하지않다. 25) 단지족관절의굴신운동이특히족저부로어느정도가능하기때문에굽이어느정도있는신발도
7 459 Endoprosthetic Reconstruction in the Limb Salvage Surgery 신을수있다는점은여자환자에게비교적도움이되는점이라할수있다. 결론 종양대치물을이용한방법은악성골종양의치료에서전세계적으로가장보편적인골격재건방법으로다양한부위에서다양한형태로사용되고있으며만족할만한기능적결과를보이고있다. 무균성해리, 생체재료와관련된생물학적, 기계적인문제점, 감염등의합병증은장기적인치료실패의대표적원인이다. 항암화학요법의발달로인하여많은환자들의장기생존이가능해지면서보다장기간재수술없이생존할수있으면서보다기능적으로우수한종양대치물의개발이필요하다. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The author has nothing to disclose. REFERENCES 1. Sim FH, Chao EY. Prosthetic replacement of the knee and a large segment of the femur or tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61: Roberts P, Chan D, Grimer RJ, Sneath RS, Scales JT. Prosthetic replacement of the distal femur for primary bone tumours. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1991;73: Kotz R, Ritschl P, Trachtenbrodt J. A modular femur-tibia reconstruction system. Orthopedics. 1986;9: Lewis MM, Bloom N, Esquieres EM, Kenan S, Ryniker DM. The expandable prosthesis. An alternative to amputation for children with malignant bone tumors. AORN J. 1987;46: Han I, Lee SH, Cho HS, Oh JH, Kim HS. Use of expandable prostheses in malignant bone tumors in children. J Korean Bone Joint Tum Soc. 2008;14: Abudu A, Grimer R, Tillman R, Carter S. The use of prostheses in skeletally immature patients. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006;37: Nystrom LM, Morcuende JA. Expanding endoprosthesis for pediatric musculoskeletal malignancy: current concepts and results. Iowa Orthop J. 2010;30: Raiss P, Kinkel S, Sauter U, Bruckner T, Lehner B. Replacement of the proximal humerus with MUTARS tumor endoprostheses. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2010;36: King JJ, Nystrom LM, Reimer NB, Gibbs CP Jr, Scarborough MT, Wright TW. Allograft-prosthetic composite reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for reconstruction of proximal humerus tumor resections. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. Published online August 6, 2015; doi: /j.jse Capanna R, Scoccianti G, Frenos F, Vilardi A, Beltrami G, Campanacci DA. What was the survival of megaprostheses in lower limb reconstructions after tumor resections? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473: Kim HS, Kim KJ, Han I, Oh JH, Lee SH. The use of pasteurized autologous grafts for periacetabular reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2007;464: Capanna R, Morris HG, Campanacci D, Del Ben M, Campanacci M. Modular uncemented prosthetic reconstruction after resection of tumours of the distal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1994;76: Flint MN, Griffin AM, Bell RS, Ferguson PC, Wunder JS. Aseptic loosening is uncommon with uncemented proximal tibia tumor prostheses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;450: Pala E, Trovarelli G, Calabrò T, Angelini A, Abati CN, Ruggieri P. Survival of modern knee tumor megaprostheses: failures, functional results, and a comparative statistical analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473: Palumbo BT, Henderson ER, Groundland JS, et al. Advances in segmental endoprosthetic reconstruction for extremity tumors: a review of contemporary designs and techniques. Cancer Control. 2011;18: Hardes J, von Eiff C, Streitbuerger A, et al. Reduction of periprosthetic infection with silver-coated megaprostheses in patients with bone sarcoma. J Surg Oncol. 2010;101: Chandrasekar CR, Grimer RJ, Carter SR, Tillman RM, Abudu A, Buckley L. Modular endoprosthetic replacement for tumours of the proximal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2009;91: Bernthal NM, Greenberg M, Heberer K, Eckardt JJ, Fowler EG. What are the functional outcomes of endoprosthestic reconstructions after tumor resection? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015;473: Menendez LR, Ahlmann ER, Kermani C, Gotha H. Endoprosthetic reconstruction for neoplasms of the proximal femur. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006;450: Houdek MT, Wagner ER, Wilke BK, Wyles CC, Taunton MJ, Sim FH. Long term outcomes of cemented endoprosthetic reconstruction for periarticular tumors of the distal femur.
8 460 Han-Soo Kim Knee. Published online September 8, 2015; doi: / j.knee Malawer MM, Chou LB. Prosthetic survival and clinical results with use of large-segment replacements in the treatment of high-grade bone sarcomas. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77: Bergin PF, Noveau JB, Jelinek JS, Henshaw RM. Aseptic loosening rates in distal femoral endoprostheses: does stem size matter? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2012;470: Kawai A, Backus SI, Otis JC, Healey JH. Interrelationships of clinical outcome, length of resection, and energy cost of walking after prosthetic knee replacement following resection of a malignant tumor of the distal aspect of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80: Puchner SE, Kutscha-Lissberg P, Kaider A, et al. Outcome after reconstruction of the proximal tibia: complications and competing risk analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10:e Lee SH, Kim HS, Park YB, Rhie TY, Lee HK. Prosthetic reconstruction for tumours of the distal tibia and fibula. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1999;81:803-7.
9 461 pissn : , eissn : Symposium J Korean Orthop Assoc 2015; 50: 악성골종양의진단및치료 악성골종양에서종양대치물을이용한사지구제술 김한수 서울대학교병원정형외과 종양대치물은악성골종양의치료로사지구제술을할때골격재건을위해서가장흔히사용되는방법이다. 대부분은주로원하는크기로수술중에조립해서삽입하는조립형종양대치물이며주문형종양대치물은다리길이연장목적의확장형종양대치물이쓰이고있다. 근위및원위대퇴골, 근위경골, 근위상완골에서주로쓰인다. 감염, 해리, 기계적파손이대표적인합병증이며, 일반관절치환술에비하여기능적결과가좋지않다. 대표적악성골종양인골육종이청소년에서호발하며종양치료성적또한좋아짐에따라완치후에도몇차례의재수술이불가피하다. 장기간사용할수있고기능적으로도우수한종양대치물의개발이필요하다. 본논문에서는종양대치물에대한일반적인내용과각부위별대치물의특징들을기술하였다. 색인단어 : 사지구제술, 종양대치물 접수일 2015 년 12 월 4 일게재확정일 2015 년 12 월 4 일책임저자김한수 03080, 서울시종로구대학로 101, 서울대학교병원정형외과 TEL , FAX , hankim@snu.ac.kr 대한정형외과학회지 : 제 50 권제 6 호 2015 Copyright 2015 by The Korean Orthopaedic Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Original Article J Korean Bone Joint Tumor Soc 2011; 17: DOI: /jkbjts MUTARS 종양대치물을이용한사지구제술의기능적및방사선학적중기추시결과 F
Original Article J Korean Bone Joint Tumor Soc 2011; 17: 36-43 DOI:10.5292/jkbjts.2011.17.1.36 www.kbjts.or.kr Functional and Radiological Results of Intermediate-term Follow Up in MUTARS Tumor Endoprostheses
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