99-17 1999. 6.
. 1999 9 30 : ( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) () ( )
21.,,,..,,. IMF.,,,,... 4700 80%
,,,. 21. ( )........ 1999 12
i <> 1 7 1. 7 2. 8 2 10 1. 10 2. 21 3. 26 3 48 1. 48 2. 52 4 ( ) 63 1. 63 2. ( ) 65 5 123 <> 1. ( ) ( ) ( ) 129 2. 149 < > 175 <S umma ry> 177
ii < 1> 12 < 2> 26 < 3> 30 < 4> 31 < 5> 31 < 6> 33 < 7>, 34 < 8> ( 78 98) 35 < 9> 37 < 10> 39 < 11> 40 < 12> 41 < 13> 43 < 14> 44 < 15> 45 < 16> 46 < 17> 46 < 18> 49 < 19> R&D 50 < 20> 55 < 21> ( 8 3 12 ) 68
iii < 22> 73 < 23> 74 < 24> 75 < 25> 77 < 26> 80 < 27> 84 < 28> 89 < 29> 91 < 30> 92 < 31> 94 < 32> 95 < 33> (90 ) 97 < 34> KT 99 < 35> 100 < 36> 101 < 37> 105 < 38> 110 < 39> 111 < 40> 114 < 41> 114 < 42> 115 < 43> 116 < 44> 118 < 45> ( ) 121
iv < 1> 14 < 2> 29 < 3> ( ) 64 < 4> () 67 < 5> 69 < 6> 103
1 1. - 72 21 - R&D -,, -, -,, -, () 2. < 1 > - 1 ( ) 5 27 4 < 2 > ( ) -
2 ( ), ( ), - - ( ), ( ). < 3 > - - - -,,,
3 3. ( ) (1) -,, (2) - (3) - - - - (4) - (, ), ( ) - () - (5) ( ) - (
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5 (11),, - ( ),, (12) - (13) -
1 7 1 1.,... WTO., IMF. 98 99.
8..,,,,.. 2... (1994.3) (1997. 4).,,, ( )
1 9... 8.. ( ), ( ). 2. IMF.
10 2 1.. ( ).. 127 22.,,. 1999 8 877, 1,062, 100, 870, 30, 19, 72, 119, 163,165. 90.,,
2 11 1/ 4. 1). ( 94),,.,,,,,,,,.,,,. 39, 54 93. 1),, 1999, (1994)
12 < 1>,,,, (6), (6),, (13) (3) (3) (4),,, (6),, (6),,, (4), (2) (2) (16), (1) (3) (2), (5) (2),, (3),,,, (7),, (7) (16),,, (9),,,, (3) (6),, (1) (6),, (5)
2 13 (48),,,,,,,,,,, (18), (3),,,, (15), (2) (4) (2) (1) (18) 93 39 54,,, (4),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, (17) :, ( ), 1999.8.. 25.
14 < 1> (67,91) (97) (72,94) (73,98) (94) (83,95) (89,95) (98) (98) (73,83) (79,91) (73,95) (89) (86) (58,95,96) (69,95) (75) (80,95) (93) (92) (61,96) (86) (91,96) (93,99) (91,94) : 2). (1948 ) 1967 2), 30, 1997, (1994),,, 1996,,,
2 15.,. 1960 1 1962 7 (66 ). 60 70. 1, 2 5 1960 1970..,,,..
16,, (choice of appropriate technology)...,. 70 80 ( )... 1973 12. 5 (,,,, ).. 1973 2,,
2 17. 1992 11. 1973 12,,,. 1980 12. 91 1999 2. 1980 90. 85... Industrial Target Tech - nology Target. (1967. 3 ), (1971. 1), (1970. 1), (1979. 12), (1969. 1), (1979. 12), (1969. 1), (1967. 3), (1970. 1) 7
18 86 1. 1. 1986 5 1977 10 3,,,. 1986 5,,,,,. 1986 12. 87 93. 1989 3.,,,.,,
2 19. 1989 12,. 1993 8,. 1994 1,.. (1983),,,,,., (1986), (1986), (1987), (1991), (1992). 1987 10 (1993. 6), (1987. 12), (1987. 12),. 1997.
20 WTO (Agreem ent on Technical Barriers to Trade : TBT ) WTO ISO/ IEC., 21. 95 5 17. 21 (97 ), 85 99, 95 99. 21. (),,,,,,,,. 80.
2 21. 21,. 2. 72 12 6.,,..,,.., ( 58), ( 58), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 61), ( 62), ( 63), ( 63), ( 63), ( 63), ( 66), ( 66), ( 67), ( 67), ( 67), ( 69), ( 70).
22,,,,. 6. - 1 : 1977 12,,, - 2 : 1981 12-3 : 1986 1-4 : 1989 3-5 : 1989 12-6 : 1994 1,, 20.,,,
2 23,,. 52..., 2 4, 93 6., 26 (99.1) 28, 22 (99. 1) 19, 18 (97. 1) 32, 11 (95. 12)., 3 4. 1972. 3 3, 14.6% Penalty.., 30,, 5.,,,,,,,,,,,
24 12 17., 8 2. 93.. 10, 4, 2 3.,,,,,,,, 10. 14., 8 3.. 24, 34, 4, 8, 7, 16 2,
2 25 5,, 10 2, 5 3, 6 (, ) 11., 8 3 1 2.,,,. 80%. 30.,,, 13 (), 8 ( ), 28 (), 30 ( ), 6 ( ), 11 ( ).,.., 5, 64 ( ).
26 < 2> 1. 27. 2. 28. 3. 29. 4. 30. 5. 31. 6. 32. 7. 33. 8. 9. 34. 10. 35. 11. 36. 12. 37. 13. 38. 14. 39. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 3.. 20, 2 6.,
2 27..,,,,,,..,,,,,,...,.. (1)
28.. 14 1972 40. 70 78 9 300 79 2.. 1981 7 33 81 10 46 83 100, 85 500, 911,000, 95 2,000, 97 11 3,000, 98 4,000, 99 9 4,577. 82 3,09586 1, 95 5 99 7 89,800. 4,629 (5.1%), 27,451 (30.5%), 53,210 (59.2%), 4,512 (5.0%). 82 1,400 9710 8,000. IMF 98 17.3% 8 9,310 99 10 239.
2 29 < 2> : 80. 11 IMF97 16. 27 1 91 2 91 4999 9 971. 14 5 6 ( ) 94 7 18,. 1981 3 8 3 82 133 97 2,920 22. (G7 ),,,,,
30,, 8,., 82 97 3 938 1 6,959 1 3,979. 97 13,233 9 6,300. 82 96 1 4,309 9,731 (69.3%), 1,999 (14.2%), 2,113 (15.1%), 169 (1.4%), 92 20%. 7,079 (31.3%)., 54.0%. 2,443 (10.8%), 2,193 (9.7%), 1,861 (8.2%), 1,844 (8.1%)., 90. < 3> ( :, ) 82 125 133 54 187 94 85 476 300 142 442 237 90 867 1,200 799 1999 263 95 1,399 2,000 2,077 4,077 636 96 1,383 2,543 2,661 5,204 800 97 1,353 4,418 3,208 7,626 780
2 31 8296, 96 350 1,014, 313 282,,. < 4> ( : (% )) 18,794 (66.7) 5,414 (19.2) 1,627 (5.8) : 397 (1.4) 2 (0.0) 1,937 (6.9) 28,171 (100.0) < 5> ( ) KIST KAIST Energy BioSystems Co.( ) Air King Industrial Co., Ltd.( ) Stollberger Metallwerke( ) 2 () 2 ( ) : $20,000 : 2% : $150,000 : 5% $20,000 30,653 1/ 2 $276,300 ( ) $15,000 KAAUYU ( ) $350,000 South West KAERL/ SwRI Research Institute( ) Smithkline Beecham Co.( ) $300,000 : $2,100 : 3 5%
32 ( ) Baker Chemitronics( ) Yamanouchi ( ) Zeneca Agrochimcals( ) / Tandem( ) (YH439) : Grelan Pharmaceutical Co. ( ) : $383 : 1 2% : 310,200 : 4.5% : $100 : 2% JANUS 4% SPIFF 5% : $200 : 5%, 2,825 ( 2,036, 789 ), 1,126 ( 796, 330 ) 39.7% 0.7 0.3. 19,577, 7,611 27,188 3.9, 3.4. 17 7,345.,.., 8 2 77 1,,,,, 89 5,,. 78 111
2 33 90 92 7, 93 6, 94 8, 95 5, 96 3, 97 1, 98 2, 99 1 33 3. < 6> ( : ) NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 20 12 6000L 3 PVC AM507 ( ) 27m ( ) ( ) LAN BRIDGE(QEB4000L) ( ) PVC 970 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) EDTA ( ) ( )KMW RF COAXIAL SWITCH LG ( ) ( ) (Compia-9400) ( ) ( ) : 52m 312 1,147 389 400 2,104 440 440 100 504 200 592 409 300 178 400 247 113 222 117 108 1,469 1,130 200 120 339 1005 385 229 183 360 634 438 30 92. 3. 5. 94. 3. 4.(2 ),, 92. 4. 3. 95. 4. 2.(3 ) 92. 5.11. 94. 5.10.(2 ) 92. 6. 4. 94. 6. 4.(2 ) ( ) 92. 6. 94. 6. (2 ) 92. 6. 94. 6. (2 ) 92.11. 95. 3. (2 ) 93. 3. 95. 3. (2 ) 93. 7. 95. 7. (2 ) 93. 8. 9. 95. 8. 8.(2 ) 93. 8. 9. 95. 8. 8.(2 ) 93.11.19. 96.11.18.(3 ) 93.12.24. 95.12.23(2 ), 94. 2. 5. 96. 2. 5.(2 ), 94. 6.27. 97. 6.28(3 ), 94. 6. 4. 97. 6. 2.(3 ) 94. 6.29. 97. 6.28.(3 ), 94.11.10. 97.11. 9.(3 ) 94.11.10. 97.11. 9.(3 ) 94.11.10. 97.11. 9.(3 ),, 94.11.10. 97.11. 9.(3 ) 95. 2.17. 97. 2.17.(2 ),, 95. 4. 4. 97. 4. 3.(2 ), 95. 5.15. 97. 5.14.(2 ), 95.12. 6. 98.12. 5.(3 ), 95.12. 6. 98.12. 5.(3 ), 96. 2. 4. 97. 2. 3.(2 ),, 96. 6. 7. 99. 6. 6.(3 ), 96.12. 6. 98.12. 5(2 ) 97. 7. 4. 99. 7. 3.(2 ) 98. 4. 3. 01. 4. 2.(3 ), 98. 6.24. 01. 6.23.(3 ), 99. 1.15. 01. 1.14.(2 ),
34 28 8 1/ 4,. 2 (KT : Excellent Korean Technology Mark). KT 93 108, 94 143, 95 110, 96 141, 97 146, 98 130, 99 137 6 915 129 (99 ). < 7>, ( :, % ) 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 68(69.2) 101(70.6) 70(63.6) 63(44.7) 63(43.2) 53(40.8) 38(27.7) 456(49.9) 38(35.2) 42(29.4) 40(36.4) 72(51.1) 79(54.1) 77(59.2) 97(70.8) 445(48.6) 2(1.9) - - 6(4.2) 4(2.7) - 2(1.5) 14(1.5) 108(100) 143(100) 110(100) 141(100) 146(100) 130(100) 137(100) 915(100) : 10 2 77 1. 80 10 8929, 90 93 93 105, 94 129, 95 12396 85, 97 71, 98 41. 78 10 94 6 1
2 35 27 1 1. 98 858, 9841 94 129. IMF., MPEG.. < 8> (78 98) ( : ) 78~79 80~89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 6 600.0 600.0 166.3 1,366.3 26 1,274.0 49.5 894.9 570.0 600.0 4,320.0 7,100.0 87.2 5,373.0 3,833.3 24,101.9 7 1,030.0 1,202.9 500.0 294.0 328.1 42.0 70.8 21.2 3,489.0 44 2,388.5 836.0 1,065.0 1,610.0 301.5 2,051.0 1,022.0 1,462.5 1,092.0 11,828.5 40 800.0 577.4 200.0 535.0 492.9 311.0 8,497.3 460.0-11,873.6 22 1,605.0 14,670.0 30.0 333.0 991.0 10.0 4,134.0 26,778.2 7,748.0 285.2 56,584.4 139 17,132.0 9,367.6 14,340.9 2,234.5 3,130.2 3,099.3 2,543.0 4,393.3 13,839.5 4,177.9 74,258.2 24 950.0 1,060.0 1,932.4 1,091.4 1,004.0 10,012.6 133.0 519.1 6,108.6 16,534.6 39,345.7 59 100.0 95.0 395.0 313.5 269.4 347.6 1,209.3 286.0 674.1 3,440.8 1,864.6 8,995.3 172 2,302.0 4,017.9 5,879.7 8,613.914,511.7 12,571.5 42,417.0 60,556.1 61,154.9 49,697.9261,722.6 189 142.0 129.2 261.4 2,767.910,757.0 59,401.7 40,477.0 5,898.2 32,201.9 26,222.0178,258.3 7 675.0 50.0 12.4 17,000.0 4,602.4 22,339.8 20 901.5 4,233.3 5,563.0 23.0 5,786.3 5,189.7 21,696.8 3 3,710.2 6,261.5 3,307.4 7,381.3 6,167.0 26,491.3 53,318.7 11 306.0 368.0 136.0 6,218.7 595.9 7,624.6 89 496.0 84,848.0 3,357.8 5,184.7 8,596.0 7,114.0 6,553.4 369.0 2,034.9 171.7 118,725.5 858 2,201.0 123,194.021,795.5 35,164.0 32,502.645,103.4 110,882.9112,379.0108,460.9162,899.9 140,946.0895,529.2 :
36 10 ( )., 30% 280 558, 226, 2,322 ( 1,702, 620 ), 1,051 ( 793, 258 ). 93953.,,,. 50% (50% ),. 1, 2 3,, 3 ( ) 44 ( 14 ), ( 46 ) 33, 30 63
2 37 355 379. ( ) < 9> ( ) 1 2 12 9 10 127 67 31 137 68 39 1,039,516 650,044 313,440 1,040,725 650,244-2,080,241 1,300,288 313,440 3 13 60 61 608,994 608,994 1,217,988 44(14) 284 305 2,611,994 2,299,963 4,911,957 ( ) 3 1 4 4 40,000 40,000 80,000 3 4 5 5 41,163 41,163 82,326 3 27 62 65 624,940 637,024 1,261,964 : ( 3 45 131 135 1,315,097 1,327,181 2,642,278 76(46) 355 379 3,318,097 3,018,150 6,336,247 ) 10 389 5, COCOM ( ) 9,.. 89 4 93 7 2 ( ). 21, 3945,,,
38.. (2),,,., ( ),,, (1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7. ). 3, 4, 7, 8 8,, 3. 3%( 4%, 5%).
2 39 < 10> 3, 4 6 7 8 8 5 9 ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) - ( ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) - ( ) () ( ) ( ) ( ) 73 R&D 73 31 831 19908. 95 1 6, 96 1 3, 97 1 1 98 1 9.
40 1,516,323 (160) 110,732 (311) 1,627,054 (471) < 11> ( :, ) 95 96 97 98 95 96 97 98 1,143,626 (158) 183,368 (328) 1,326,994 (486) 896,393 (149) 246,547 (328) 1,142,940 (580) 1,684,350 (128) 291,605 (590) 1,975,955 (718) :,, 999,680 (154) 81,496 (262) 1,082,176 (416) 865,128 (156) 108,082 (259) 973,210 (415) 715,448 (155) 90,480 (312) 805,928 (467) 1,255,288 (132) 155,551 (486) 1,410,839 (618),,.. 65 12 98 12 5 (1, 2, 5 ). 72. 72, 74, 79. 81,,,, 82, 86. (96 ),,
2 41.. < 12> < > ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 2 1 3 ) 2003 12 31 3%( 5%) (,.) 2003 12 31 4 50% 5% ( 15%, 10%) 2003 12 31 5% 2003 12 31 ( 109 ) 2003 12 31 ( 282 ),, < > 2003 12 31, ( 6, 119, 120, ( 121 16 2) ),, 5,,, 50%, 2 75% ( 1 2) 410%, 5 40%, 6 70%
42 ( 12 ) ( 18 ) 2003 12 31,, 50% (2003 12 31 ) 5 2000 12 31 ( 19 ) 2 4 3710%, 7 1220%, 1230% ( 26 ) ( 27 ) 99 12 31 10%. 98 8 2599 12 31 5%. (2000 6 30 ) < > 2000 12 31, ( 73 ). ( 12 ) :,, 1999 290 3,255 115,,,
2 43.,, 46.7%, 36.2%, 32.7%. (2.6%), (4.3%), (4.8%), (5.1%). < 13> ( :, ) 93 94 95 96 97 98 138,303 226,689 211,454 320,214 313,947 325,471 (474) (604) (614) (680) (877) (290) 21,615 44,359 40,896 34,503 34,751 13,890 (189) (251) (248) (251) (268) (76) 26,420 9,176 430 678 1,010 2,059 (46) (21) (12) (8) (17) (19) 1,019 6,539 1,420 758 30,732 5,297 (23) (26) (20) (21) (17) (14) 2,899 (46) 6,640 (80) 14,556 (62) 12,316 (72) 8,570 (68) 7,258 (38) :,,..
44 97 404, 98 277. IMF. 98 253 276.. < 14> 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 ( ) 223 249 257 257 243 241 260 275 250 253 ( $) 278 306 433 255 280 522 621 752 531 402 (%) 65 65 65 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 ( ) 150.0 170.0 200.0 167 165 272 317 371 404 277 ( ) 824 966 1,201 1,435 1,690 1,980 2,270 2,610 3,060 3,760 - - 50 108 147 240 236 255 285 665 ( ) 50 54 64 68 65 57 63 58 58 56 :, ( 4,685 (93.12.31)), ( 14,397 (94.10.6)) ( 457 (95.6.30)),,,. (
2 45 )( 5 ( 2 ) ) 5. (99 ) 65.1%, 98 12 3,7601,429 (38.0%), 27.5%.,,. < 15> ( : ) 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 785 952 1,108 1,233 1,429 1,156 966 1,108 216 202 220 302 336 684 520 943 1,002 1,154 1,328 1,535 1,765 1,840 1,486 2,051 : 92 98, 99 :,..,,,,..
46 < 16> - - 7 - ( : ) 98 99,,, 14,000 5,700 - - - 5,477 4.142 1,734 1,297 4,330 2,827-3,301-2,531 -,, 996-756 :,, 1999 4,662 7,500 2,298 1,571 5,100 2,867 3,585 2,212 923 796. ( ). < 17> (99 ) (1 2 ) (4 ) ( )(7,500 ) ( )(1,500 ) ( )(300 ) : 6.0 16.0% : 6.0 14.4%, :,, 1999
2 47...
48 3 1. 72 21..,.,.., (de facto standard) (lock - in).., (core com p etence)..,.,.,,,
3 49 (CSP)... ( ). ( ), N eeds. < 18> 70 80 90 ( :, : ) ( ), ( ) ( ) ( ) (WTO ) ((, )) ( ), (Catch-up) Seed Need ( ) (, ) ( ) (Specialist) (Integration), (Speed) (General Specialist)
50., (hierachy ), (flat ),.., R&D. 1,000 24, 344, 81 (81 ), GDP R&D 9.. < 19> R&D R&D R&D/ GDP 1,015 (120 12 1,858 ) 24 (5,600 13 8,438 ) 344 (7 2,415) 81 (46 (81) 3,760 (98) ) 58 (1,955 114,000 (94) ) 67% 23% (97) 0.3% 2.89% (97),. 3 R&D. (KT)..,.,
3 51., (). (, ),,,,,,,.,.,,. 27,..
52 2... 4.. 21. 98 5,. ( ), 98 10 ( ) 1.., 2,. 99 2, 3 7 1 9 ( ) 2., 21 2025
3 53 2000. ( ) WTO, UR, GR, TR,. 1960 21,,,,. 99 9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 34, 9.. 21,... OECD (Innovation) R&D 1/ 3., R&D Chain Reaction Mod el.
54 R&D..,,,..,.. 90. 80,,,. 90,.
3 55 < 20> 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 (G7 ) 10
56 1991, 97, 99.. ( )..,,,,,.. -,,, -,,, -,,,,, -,,,, -
3 57,,. 2000. (98. 4) (99. 1)(99. 1).,..,,... +. 3.,.,,,,,.
58 90. 96,..,. 21... 1..,. 1 5 27 4 1. - 72 27 6 19 5, 4. -.
3 59 ( ) 3 2 (, ), - - - - Global Standard -, - - ( ) - - - - -. -
60 2 ( ) ( ). ( ),.., ( ) ( ).. ( ) ( ).. (1). 3..., 21
3 61. 97.,..,,.,,.. 3. 1. 2 1
62. ( ) ( ) 2. 3....
4 ( ) 63 4 ( ) 1. 5... 1 2. 1,,,,. 2,,,, 1,,,.. 1 ( ).,..,,,.
64 ( ),,, 1. ( ).,,,. < 3>. < 3> ( ) 1 2 (2 )
4 ( ) 65 2. ( ) ( ) 1 2. 1 2 ( ) ( ). 1 2.. ( 1 ) 1 1 1 ( ),,., 1977 2 22., 75 23.1% 95 11.5% DRAM 4,500., M &A,
66. ( ),,,. 2 2 ( ). 1.,. 2.. 3. 3. 4.,. 5.. 1 21 Id ea (know ledge). Peter Drucker 3) = /,. 3),,, 1993. P.272 274
4 ( ) 67 - - S.J. ( ) Chain - link m odel. < 5> () :,, 1992 : D=Development, K=Knowledge, R=research, C=Chain, F=feedback, I=Initiation. < 2 ( ) >,.
68 < 2 1> ( 8 3 12 ) ( ) UILab AD LG LG ( ) AMA : 740 42 40 90 185.3 46.0 1,028 128 190 20 51 268 2,466 10 80 244 414 100 53 ( ) 72 7 5 103 22 6 171 32 15 6 7 43 110 6 8 9 50 5 7 4,.. (Intellectu al Prop erty Rights) S/ W,,
4 ( ) 69,, ( ). (Agreem ent on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) 1 2 1 7 (Copyright and Related rights), (Tradem ark), (Geographical Indications), (Indu strial Designs), (Patents), (Layout- Design (top ographics) of Integrated Circuits), (Undisclosed Inform ation). 4) (Trade Secret). < 5> : (1993) 4),, 1996
70 2 3 4 3 ( ) ( ) ( ). 4 ( ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 72. 80 86. 3 ( ), 22.
4 ( ) 71 < 3 ( )> 3 ( ),. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. (99. 5. 24) 21. 22., 1.. 5) 98 718 1 9,759 5) (1 0.1316 ) (, 1997, P.115) (, 1998, P.129).
72. 5 5 ( ) 3. 1 13, 14, 15, 17, 19. 77.,,. 98 8 8,426,, 1 9,582, 1 8, 22,030, 4 5.( ) 3,302. 5 1 2, 86.
4 ( ) 73. < 22> 15 ( ). 5 ( ). 1 2. 3 1 2,. 18 ( ). 1. 17 2. 33 3. 14 4. 7 2 5. 6 2 ( ),. [ 96.12.12, 97.12.13 5454, 99. 2. 8 5825] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. [ 95.12.29)
74 14 ( ). ( ) ( ). [ 97.1.13, 99.1.29 5725] 1. 2. 1. [ 97.1.13, 99.1.29 5725] 12 ( ). < 23> 6 6 ( ) 3 5 2..
4 ( ) 75. 77..,., 9 ( )() 10 1 ( ),. 3 (,,, ) 52.,,.. < 24> 16 ( ).. 19 ( ).
76 19 () ( ). [ 95.1.5]. 14 ( )..,. 13 ( ). 1. 1 2. 3. 4. 10 ( ),,. 7 7 ( ),..., Post Doc, Brain Pool,,
4 ( ) 77 IMF.,,,,. 81..,,,. < 25> 18 ( ).,,. 8 ( ),,,. 6 ( )....
78. 1, 2 4,. 1 2. 16 ( ) 1 ( ) 44 1, 71 2, 63 2 59 1. [ 98.12.30] 1. (. ) (. ) 2. ( 15 14. ) 1 3. 45 2. 1 6. 16 2 ( ) ( ).,. 1 18 1 6 4. [ 98.12.30] 6 ( ).. [ 97.1.13, 99.1.29 5725] 1. 2. 3., 4. 5. 6. 2.
4 ( ) 79 20 ( ). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 6 ( ). [ 95.1.5, 97.1.13] [ 95.1.5, 97.1.13] 2 2,. [ 93.6.11, 95.1.5]. [ 93.6.11, 95.1.5] 8 ( ). 11 ( ),,. 2. 3 2. 8 8 ( ),,. 1.
80 10,,,, (KIN ITI, ) D/ B.. D/ B,,,. < 26> 10 ( ),. 1. 2. 3. 4. 7 ( ) ( ).. 1. 2. 3. 11 3. 3.
4 ( ) 81 2 4.. 16 4 ( )., 1. ( ). [ 98.12.30] 7 ( ). [ 95.12.29],. [ 95.12.29] 13 ( ),,. 9 9 ( ). 2,. 1. 2. 13 14 3. 4.,,, 5. 6. 7. 8. 1. 1, 2,,.
82.,,,.,,...,.. Positive System.. 1. 2 4. 6,
4 ( ) 83. 8.., 7. (99. 5. 13),,,. 3 5 1.
84 < 27> 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 2. 2. 2. 2. 2. 3. 3. 3. 4. 3. 4. 4. 4. 3. 5. 5. 5. 5. 4. 6. 6. 6. 6. 5. 7. 7., ( ( (,,,,, 8.,, 6. ( 7. 3 8. 27 5 9. ) (,,,,, ),, ) 3 2 5 ), )
4 ( ) 85 10 10 ( ) 9 1. 9 3 1. 9 ( ). 1 9 1. 3 4. 3. 14 4 4 5. 11 11 ( ) 9 3. 9 1,.. 1 37 2 19 6 2
86.. ( ) ( ).,. ( ). ( ),. 12 12 ( ),.. 1,. 12 8., Global Stand ard.
4 ( ) 87. 98 813 336 (41.3%). ISO606 JIS439 2, ASTM3843, UL2784, ITU 2025, CE1846. 22.7%, 45.6% 68.3% 4.5%, 2.7%.. 18.1% (13.4 %).,, (46.8%),,, (36.9%), (36.9%), (28.7%). 29.7%, 26.2%, 13.8%, 12.8%, 10.1%. 21.4%, 20.1%, 13.9%, 10.3%.,,..
88 70%. 7 21 ( ), 23 ( ) 26 ( ). 9, 10, 36 26 ( ) 17 ( ) 2. IR52. 15, 13 ( ). 2 IR52 3.
4 ( ) 89 < 28> 11 18 6 1 11 30 2 11 1 ( ) 2 3 13 13 ( ) ( ). 1 5 10, 12. 1. 1 19. 99 8 4,48398 9 R&D 80%.
90. 4,483 49 30. 8 3, 2, 4, 282, 228, 10, 7, 36, 17, 109, 2, 4, 10, 5, 3, 21, 18, 10, 15, 24 ( ), 23 ( ), 7 3( ), 2 ( ), 29 2, 2, 6 ( ), 12 ( ), 4 ( ), 6 ( ), 21, 12, 12 2, 2, 4 ( ), 9..
4 ( ) 91. 14 14 ( ) ( ). 1 5 10, 12. 1. 94. 651 17. < 29> 167 16 19 26 48 58 913 166 141 130 301 175 201 32 21 15 90 43 22,907 2,761 458 2,104 12,018 5,566 : 97,, 1998. 11 251 12 101 16 64 58 17,869 1,374 5,838 259 8,417 1,981 32-6 4 4 18 929-21 20 840 48.,,.
92 < 30> :,,. LG,... 1985 (JKTC). 1985, ( )SOR, 4 ATR 19851993858.
4 ( ) 93 70% 30%.. 15 15 ( ),, ( ). 1 5 8, 12. 1,.,.. 80 10%, 90 30%, 2000 50%, 11.1% 200028.2%..., R&D R&D,, ( ) R&D Venture Capital, Incubator, R&D
94 R&D R&D, R&D.. 97 15,, 10 K, (70 74) 71( ), 72( ), 74( ). 15,. < 3 1> R&D R&D R&D ( ) R&D R&D ( ) (, ) R&D R&D R&D ( ) R&D ( ) R&D ) (1990 ) 27..
4 ( ) 95 < 32> KSIC 1. 7123, 7129-585 2. 721 5 72 3. 722 434 871 4. 723 1 98 5. 724 11 155 6. 72 587 1771 7. 7413-152 8. 742 103 10,500 9. 7422 12 794 10. - - - 1) KSIC 4,492 ( ). 2) 6. 2., 3., 4., 5., 8. 9. 16 16 ( ) 9 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.,, 6. 7. 8. 1.. 16 8
96 7.. 4 17 17 ( ).. 2. 3. 3. 2. 1 6,. 78 93 (KT )..
4 ( ) 97 < 33> (90 ) 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98-7 6 8 5 3 1 3 (KT) - - 108 143 110 141 146 130 KT 95 KT(86.3%), (73.7%), (76.9%), (41.4%).,. (KT).,,., 2 4 2, 2 3 ( ), 8 2( ), 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 8 ( ), 9 ( ), 10 ( ), 11 ( ), 12 ( ), 13 ( ) 3 (). ( 1998-7 ),
98,..,,. 9, 10, 11,, KT.,. 99 915 28 35..
4 ( ) 99 < 34> KT (KT) ( ) 2 4 ( ) 2 3 ( ) 8 2( ) 6 ( ) 7 ( ) 8 ( ) 9 ( ) 10 ( ) 11 ( ) 12 ( ) 13 ( ) 2 ( ) 3 ( ) ( 98. 6. 29) ( 84. 9. 11) 2 [ 2 ( )] 2 ( 2 ) 3(2 ) 1 5 ( 8 ) ( 12 ) 1993 1984 -, - - KTB,,, -, - - -,, - -, ( - ) - ( ) (, ) -,, - - 93(108), 94(143), 95(110) 92 (7), 93 (6), 94 (8), 95 (5), 96(3), 97(1), 98(2), 96(141), 97(146), 98(130), 99 (90 ) 99(1) : 33 (137) : 915
100 < 35> KT NT EM IT GD 2 26 22 6 18 19, 32, 2 28 10 10 93 93 95 96 85 89 92. 4. 4 (95 ) 18 18 ( )... 3 R&D... ( : JST) (JKTC), (N EDO) BTG, AN VAR KTB KAIST. Bu siness Incubator. 18 2 28 ( ), 13 ( ), 10 (
4 ( ) 101 ), 24 ( ), 8 ( ). 18, 4,000,.. < 36> 26 ( ) 28 ( ) 26 2.. 26 2 3. 1. 2. 3.,. 1. 2. 3. 2 3.
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4 ( ) 103 ( )... ( ),,. < 6> :
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4 ( ) 113,,. 14 92. ( ), ( ). 6.0 7.0%( 98) 10, 30.,,,. 92 98 5,708 199, 2,300, 2,144, 1,065. 93 98 6,117 4,927 (80%)., 98 150 160 310 (MOST 1 ), 99 150 400 (MOST 2 )..
114 < 40> ( : ) 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 150 199 260 149 24 500 200 238 82 500 200 221 144 500 200 232 204 500 186 260 300 108 351 199 2,300 1,010 1,134 1,065 150 632 1,020 1,065 1,136 946 759 5,708 593 1,124 6 5 1,087 38 19 1,123 65 30 1,097 92 39 1,243 273 1 357 6,267 474 104 357 593 1,135 1,144 1,218 1,228 1,884 7,202 : 97, 98 1,243 1,093, 150 :, 98, 1999. 3 < 4 1> ( : ) 3,422 145 3,567 150 3,717 92% 4% 96% 4% 100% : - ('98 150, '99 150) < 41> 1,538 4,927, 283 1,191 1,821 6,118 ( ). 4 1 1 3 2 MOST 1, MOST 2..
4 ( ) 115 < 42>,, KT, NT, 3 IR52,, HTC TBI, TIC, ( ), ( ) 5,, 2, ( ).. 25 14.. 10.5%, 80%. 97, 98 2 243 8,300.
116 97 98 30,000 30,000 < 43> ( : ) (98. 11. 30 ) 97 98 122 42 27,000 7,400 104 14 22,706 1,677 91-19,724 13 14 2,982 1,677 60,000 164 34,400 118 24,383 91 19,724 27 4,659 9 9 ( ),,.,. ( ). 8, 12. 8 5. 9 12. 15.
4 ( ) 117 5 21, 23. 5. 9. 18 20. 20. 1981 163, 1997. 8. 26 475. 3 $,,, (77, 98 5 9 ) 8.
118 < 44> ( 8 ) ( 12 ) ( 8 5) ( 9 ) ( 12 ) ( 15 ) ( 5 ) ( 21 ) ( 23 ) ( 15 ) ( 9, 19 ) ( 18 ) ( 20, 21 ) ( 20 ) ( ) ( ) 3 $ D/ B,,, ( 8 ).. ( ) ( ). (N EDO),
4 ( ) 119 N EDO. N EDO. ( ).. 1.7%... 1 2. 1.. 20,,, 3. 6 ( ), 8 ( ), 8 2( ), 8 3( ), 8 4( ), 8 5 2 (
120 ), 10 ( ), 10 2( ) 10 3,.. 6, 8 8 2 2 8 3, 8 4. 8 5, 10 2. 10.. ( ).
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122 10 2 10 3 4 18 19 4 17 20 18 10 21 19 11 12 15 5 22 5 20 23 21 16 24 22 17 25 23 18 26 24 19 27
5 123 5 IMF 21. IMF...,, 97.. 50. 4500 80%,,,..
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130
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133
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136
137
138
139
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153. 1. 2..,,. 2 2 3 4 4. 1. 8 (8 ( ) ) 9 1 [ 1993.12.31. 14084 ] 1. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.,,, 9. 10. 11. ( )
154 12. 13. 14. ( 61 2 1 ) 9 1 1 3 4. 9 2 1 5. 9 1 ( 3 ). 30 (30 ( ) ) 17 [ 1995.8.4 14744 ]. [ 93.12.31, 94.12.23] 1 100 3,. [ 93.12.31, 94.12.23, 95.8.4]
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156 [[99 7 1]] 4. 5. 1. [ 99.1.21] 1. 2. [[99.7.1]] 3. 4. 5. 6. 1 5 7. 24 ( ) [ 1999.02.08.5825 ] 24 ( ) 1 ( ). 1. 2. 3. 4.
157 5. 6. 7. 8. 27 9. 1. 2. 8 ( 8 ( ) ) [ 1999.01.29.5718 ] ( ) ( ). [ 99 1 29] 1.
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160 [ 97.12.13 5445, 99 1 29] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 47 7. 5 2 2 1. [ 96 12 12] 4 (4 ( ) ) 3 3 [ 1995.12.29.5096 ]. 4. [ 95.12.29] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1
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162 18 5. 8 3 1 2 6. 7. 8..,..,. 4 ( 4 ( ) ) [ 1999.02.05.5773 ]. [ 99 2 5] 1. [ 99 2 5] 1. 9 2. 11 3.
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SUMMARY 177 SUM M ARY Title : Stu dy on H ow to Ch an ge Law s Prom otin g R&D Activities Principa l investigator : Hu r H yu n H oi, Korea Ind u strial Techn ology A ssociation Abstract R&D p aradigm is being rapidly changed and private sector R&D cap ability has been highly strengthened. Therefore, Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law, which w as enacted in 1972, is estim a- ted to have necessity to be changed to cop e effectively w ith this new environm ent in a m anner that it can provide w ith new supp ort m easures. In particular, acting law relating to taxation concession or financial support, is assesed to play a nom inal role rather than a realistic one. In ad dition, it lacks m easures for supp ort com m ercialization, technology exp ort, w orld stan d ardiz ation. Som e provisions of the law have m any problem s in that it does not fit w ith the reality. In this paper, three options w ith regard to changing the law are suggested to m eet the em erging needs, as follow s: Firstly, While m aintainin g the fram e of th e actin g law, contents shall be com pletely changed.
178 Secondly, w e can divide N ational R&D Program from the acting law to put into the new ly em erging N ational R&D Law and set up so called Law supp ort industrial R&D by collecting provisions to su p p ort in du strial R&D. Thirdly, w e can m ake a p artial change in the law and solve problem s on a case by case basis. Major contects of the new law this study postulate to be inserted are as follow s: - R&D hum an resources should be supported - Category of research in stitu tes w hich are au th orized to im p lem ent N ational R&D Program needs to be expanded. - Private research organizations can be fostered and supported by law. - N ew provisions need to be created to prom ote com m ercialization. - Excellent Korean Technology Mark should be hightened as an effective institution to prom ote com m ercialization. - System ize the supp ort p olicies and realistic supp orts should be encouraged. - A variety of m easures relating to S&T prom otion such as funds, lottery should be integrated into the Technology Developm ent Prom otoin Law. - N ew provisions allowing new bu sinesses supp orting R&D acitivities should be form ed. - N ew provisions supporting R&D facilities and equipm ent should be formulated.
CONTENTS 179 CONT E NT S <S umma ry> Cha pte r 1. Introd uction 7 Section 1. Show ing up of Problem s to Solve 7 Section 2. Scop e and Approaches of the Stu dy 8 Cha pte r 2. S &T Re late d Laws a nd Te chno logy De ve lo pme nt P ro motio n Law 10 Section 1. Structu re an d H istory of S&T Related Law s 10 Section 2. Changing Process and Position of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 21 Section 3. Effects of the Law 26 Cha pte r 3. Dire ction of the Technology Deve lopme nt Promotion Law Cha nge 48 Section 1. N eed to Change of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 48 Section 2. Direction of the Technology Developm ent Prom otion Law 52
180 Cha pte r 4. Ke y Conte nts of THE C ha ng ing P rovis io ns 63 Section 1. System of the Law 63 Section 2. Key Provisions of the Law 65 Cha pte r 5. Conclus io n a nd Limitatio n 123 <Appe ndix> 129 <Refe re nce > 175 <S umma ry> 177
99 17 1999 12 1999 12 395-70 26 27 (02)3284 1800 1994 5 235 431 TEL 2272 4081 3 / FAX 2269 1990 1999.