00-09 2000. 12
,,,,.,.,.,,,,,,.,,.....
.
1 1 7 2 9 1. 9 2. 13 3. 14 3 16 1. 16 2. 21 3. 39 4 43 1. 43 2. 52 3. 56 4. 66 5. 74
5 78 1. 78 2. 80 3. 86 6 88 90 Ex e cu t iv e Su m m a r y 92
< 3-1> 22 < 3-2> 24 < 3-3> 25 < 3-4> 27 < 3-5> ( ) 29 < 3-6> 31 < 3-7> ( ) 33 < 3-8> 40 < 3-9> 42 < 4-1> 45 < 4-2> 48 < 4-3> 51
1,.,.,,,,.....,..
8.....
2 1. 1).. 1945,,,,,,,.. 1.. 1),.
10.. 1930 1934.. 1946 1 20,, 389, 8 14,,,,, 8 506. 1 6,500,,, 4 3 1. 55%, 11%, 19%, 4.5%... 30%. 1947 5 11 (34%), (27%), (8%), (8%), (8%), (6%), (3%), (2%), (1.5%), (1.5%), (1%)
2 11 40%, 25%, 15%.. 30% ( ) 15%. 40%.. 41 9,867 5. 15%. 8% 15%. 1951 9 4 49., 5 14. 14. ( )...
12..,,,,.,. 14 15 21. 15, 21.,,..,,,,.,,.
2 13 2. 2 ).. 1.,... 1... 2),.
14..,. 3., 2,. 1954 1957.,,, 4.. 1965 1952 1978., 1954 11, 1956 5
2 15, 1958 1, 1959 5 1965 12. 1958 10, 1959 3. 3 10 2 10 1963 1 3 5.5 20, 2.23 12 3.9 5. 2 7 13, 2 3 7 5.5 3 7. 3 3 3 2, 4, 9.1. 3 45,730 10 1 7,700. 8, 8 4 2, 5 5. 3)4) 3) 45,730 10 1 7
3 1.. 5 ) 2 1943 12 1, 1945 7 26. 6) 1945 12 12 195( ) 6 1951 9 8. 2, 8. 4). 1958 10. 10, 2. 1959 3, 15 3. 5) (1965),. (1967). 6),,,,.
3 17.. 36.. 4 1 2 (.), ( ) ( ) ( ).. 1951 1 8 1961 7 1965 12 17 3 ( 1,080 ), 2 ( 720 ) 3 10. 7) 7) 6,641, 2,861 9,502
18 45,730 10.. 8 )..,,,,. 1),,, 3 5.4%. 1983. 8) (1976),.
3 19 2), 3).. ( ).,,,,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,.
20.,,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,,.,,,.
3 21 2.. 9 ) 3 30,000 20,000 50,000. 10 (1975 ) < 3-1>. 1 1966 5 16.9% 84,592, 10 1975 6.3% 31,484. 3 8. 9) (1976),.
22 < 3-1> ( :, %) 1 (1966) 2 (1967) 3 (1968) 4 (1969) 5 (1970) 6 (1971) 7 (1972) 8 (1973) 9 (1974) 10 (1975) 39,915 34,668 27,979 24,059 25,995 29,205 29,798 29,613 28,016 30,752 13.3 11.6 9.3 8.0 8.7 9.7 9.9 9.9 9.3 10.3 44,677 27,389 17,813 11,070 8,894 8,000 34,900 5,004 41,521 732 22.3 13.7 8.9 5.5 4.4 4.0 17.5 2.5 20.8 0.4 84,592 62,057 45,792 35,129 34,889 37,205 64,698 34,617 69,537 31,484 16.9 12.4 9.2 7.1 7.0 7.4 12.9 6.9 13.9 6.3 300,000 100.0 200,000 100.0 500,000 100.0 : (1976),.. 10 ) 1) 1 (1966 ) 10 (1975 ) 10,,,, 40.4% 21,316,, 44.3% 10) (1976),. (1967), :.
3 23 132,825,, 15.3% 45,859. 1 21,316,, 30,844,, 27,176,, 13,478, 30,800. 6,384, 3,205, 2,363, 3,666, 1,705,,,,. 5 1970, 2 5. 1, 103,.
24 < 3-2 > ( :, %) - - - - - - - 121,316 36,548 27,176 31,438 20,125 6,029 132,825 45,859 130 45,729 40.4 12.2 9.1 10.4 6.7 2.0 44.3 15.3-15.3 - - - 200,000 583,966 113,725 2,309 100.0 42.0 56.8 1.2 300,000 100.0 200,000 100.0 : (1976),. 2),,,, 5,.
3 25 (, ) < 3-3 > ( :, %) 36,548 27,176 164,263 20,125 6,029 45,859 12.2 9.0 54.8 6.7 2.0 15.3 2,309-113,725-83,966-1.2-56.9-41.9-38,857 27,176 277,988 20,125 89,995 45,859 7.8 5.4 55.6 4.0 300,000 100.0 200,000 100.0 500,000 100.0 : (1976),. 18.0 9.2 (1) 36,548, 2,309, 38,857,, 9. 42.3% 16,421,,, 10,455,,, 5,361. 227 605.,,
26 7,609.,,,,,, 25.4% 9,852,. 498,,,,,. 331,. 325,. 1,705 1,282 217 204. 138.
3 27 < 3-4 > ( :, %) 16,421 7,609 4,960 1,854 3,038 17 331 325 1,705 138 36,548 (94.1) : (1976),. - - 2,309 - - - - - - - 2,309 (5.9) 16,421 7,609 7,269 1,854 2,038 167 331 325 1,705 138 42.3 19.6 18.7 4.7 7.8 0.4 0.9 0.8 4.4 0.4 38,857 100.0 (2) 11) 9.1% 27,176,, 12,,. 16,463 (27,175 ) 60.6%.,, 11) (1967), :.
28 8,317 100 28 50 38. 3,598 16 18. 1,820, 2,066 13,. 1,760, 1,390 73 60 12 6 220 20 219 10 33 50 40 12. 39.4% 10,712 (878 ), (185 ), (521 ), (240 ), (32 ),. 1,392., 566 364 306 40 88 7 43 25
3 29.,,,, 1,322. 5,139 2,010 7 370 6,. 325, 115, 565. < 3-5 > ( ) 1,855 325 1,392 565 5,139 1,322 115 3,598 8,317 1,820 1,760 768 ( :, %) 6.8 1.2 5.1 2.1 18.9 4.9 0.4 13.2 30.7 6.7 6.4 3.6 27,176 100.0 : (1976),.
30 (3) 54.6% 164,263 56.9% 113,725 277,987 5 55.6%. 1970. 122,931.. 30,800 88,680, 119,480 2. 1973 6 8 103., 11,411 14,681 22,464 15,601
3 31 15,046,,,,, 40,267. 2,813. 639, (rock drill) 180, 20, (ball mill) 1, (hoist) 2, 2. < 3-6> ( :, %) 30,800 - - 639 132,824 88,680 2,813 22,232 - - 119,480 2,813 22,232 639 132,824 43.0 1.0 8.0 0.2 47.8 164,263 113,725 277,988 100.0 : (1976),. 15% 30,000
32 22,232 2,309 24,541. 238., 66 6,148. 39 4,116, 31 3,734, 24 2,477,, 26 2,062.,, 4 378. 3 528 1,781. 44.3% 132,825.. 28,448,
3 33 25,758, 7,756 8,000. < 3-7> ( ) ( :, %) - - -, - - - - - - - 2,309 22,232 1,226 6,148 1,477 202 886 4,116 2,736 1,864 341 378 9.4 90.6 5.0 25.1 101 8.4 3.6 16.8 11.1 7.6 1.4 1.5 24,541 100.0 : (1976),. (4)..,,,
34,. 6.7% 20,125,. 6,700 6,045 65% (45 ) (10 ), (54 ).. 2,685..,,, 1,088..
3 35 (5),. 41.3% 83,966, 2.0% 6,029 89,995,.,,,, 32,875,.,, 21,613,, 200, ( ),., ( ) 725., 595
36 i) 1,279 ii) 103,000 iii) 90,000 iv).,,, 139., 3,299 3 1967 1975 22,098 486,457., 6,500,. i),,,. ii),,. iii),. iv) 4.3%,.
3 37., 1,780 711,750 121,732., 3,666, i). ii). iii),., 41,009,,,, 4,193,.,, 6,893
38,,,., 2,186,., 10.1% 20,272 892,., 8,172 (10, 30,000G/T),., 2,594., 4,193,. i), ii), iii). iv) 3,420
3 39.., 4,095. 3. 12 ).. 1 5 1966. 1966 12) (1976),. (1967), :.
40 2 5 480 1965 120. < 3-8>. 1966 75 10 3.2% 1 1966 28.0%, 1967 10.0%.. 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 < 3-8> (A) 224.6 382.0 321.0 711.4 688.7 807.1 879.2 1,330.5 2,153.9 2,212.7 (B) 62.8 40.9 31.3 16.9 15.4 29.2 55.1 12.3 47.1 10.3 ( : ) B/A(%) 28.0 10.7 5.0 2.4 2.2 3.6 6.3 0.9 2.2 0.5 10,011.1 321.3 3.2 : (1976),.
3 41,,.,,.. 321,316 51.6% 165,799, 17.0%, 10.9%. < 3-9>... 1965
42. 13) 699-1 117-28,639 77 1,088 7,810-427 < 3-9> ( : ) % 136 - - - 964-35,549 - - 35,023 1,332 1,742 2,250-5,462 82 4,936 8,010-12,853 6,549 96,533 33,569-165,799 2,473 1,597 9,900-13,817 15,843 3,048 35,278-54,634 652 145 180 20,125 28,918-2,613 - - 2,571 108-809 - 1,285 0.3 10.9 1.7 4.0 51.6 4.3 17.0 9.0 0.8 0.4 38,857 29,175 145,103 89,996 20,125 321,316 100.0 : (1976),. 13) GNP 1.5% 3.05%. (1976),.
4 1.,... 1), 1951 9 8. 1953 1 4 1 5, GNP 1% 1952 GNP 144. 5, 20 10,. 2 ( 1 4 ), 5 5, 2 2,300 (
44 4 ), 3,900,. 3. 2) 1 7,700. 1961 4,572 9,308.08 10. 1 9 457 34, 10 457 2,398.08..,. 3) 3,, 2 5,400. 2,540,.
4 45. < 4-1>,. ( ) 2,000 2,500. < 4-1> 300 200 550 223,080 39 10 10 20 12 5 30 20 10 25 11 3 10 ( 20 -. 10 40 12 3,080 2 7.5 ) 9 25,427 10 10 25, 427,601.92....,
46 < 4-1> 300 200 550 223,080 39 10 10 20 12 5 ( ).... 7.5... ( ).. 50......... : (1976),....
4 47 4)..,..,,,,.. 1 5,000..,.,,,...
48. 1) 1 10 2 (270 ).,,, 2,000 550. < 4-2> ( ) ( ) 200 3.5% 7 13 20 IBRD 3 7 5.5 3 7 : (1976),. 2) 2 10.
4 49 3),,,. 4) 7 20, 3.5%,. 3 10, ( 5.5% ).. OECD.. 1) 3, 3, 2 5
50, 4, 9.1. 5,000 ( 2,000 ),. 1963 3,000. 2).. 3) 3 9,000, 3,000.. 4), < 4-3>.
4 51 < 4-3> 1. 300 30 250 400 9.1 2. 10 20 ( 20 ( 10 ( 5.).).). 3. - 4. : 60% : 40% (90 ) 5. (30 ) 6...... 7. : (1976),.
52 2. 14 ) 1951 9,... (, ), ( ).. 50 100 2.. 1953., 14) (1994),,, No. 1. Asia21,, 1996,.
4 53... 1954 8., 9 10 2. 500... 1954 11 5 1955 4 16. 1. 2,000 72 10. 500 18 10
54., ( ).. 15) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15) (1976),. (1967), :..
4 55 - - - - -. ( 5 ).,, 1959. 1963 3 1 4,000 (504 ) 3,000 (108 ).. ( 5 1 ).
56.,,. 3... 8 ( 2,880 ).. 2.. 2 50 100 6. 1956 5 9 7 23. 5 5,000
4 57 ( 1,980 ). 10 2,500 10 3,000 1976 7. 2 5,000 ( 900 ). 20. 8. 50,.,... 16) 300.. 14, 9 5,000 (13 6,500 ). 2 17 12 12 15. 2 16) (1985),. (1994),, No. 1.
58. 1953 3 22 3. 1 : 1953 2 1955 8. 57 8 4,000. 23 5,400. 2 : 1957 8, 1959 8. 2 1,000. 5 9,400. 3 : 1961 8 7 5,000. 2 7,000 332 1,800. 8 32 800.... ( ) 1 8,000 18 7,200 5 3,200
4 59 ( 1 3,100km ) 108,, 225 3,500 359 1,900,,,,,...,,,,,,,.,,.,,,,,, 281 58 1,400 17 4,900 122 2,600 35 2,700 128 2,400 23 4,000 665 8,000
60. 17) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17) (1976),. (1967), :..
4 61 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
62 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4 63 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
64 - - - - - - -,, 2,880 10.4% 300 12.4%. 23.1%,,.,.. 18 ). 18) (1994),,, No. 1.
4 65,., ( ).,. 300.,....,. 30km,, 1970...
66. 1994 2,.,.,,,,.. 4. 19 ). 2., 8 ( 2,880 )..,,, 19) (1994),,, No. 1.
4 67... 2 1951 9 1958 1 20 ( 4 16 ) 8. 2 2,308 ( 803 880 ) 12. 12 11 2,000, 12 308,, 1970 4. 4 ( 1,440 4,800 ). 20. 1952 4 5,, 1 7,691 3,958 ( 636 8,900 ). 1 7,691 3,958. 2 2,308 4
68, 8....,. 20), (401 0,300 ) 88 7,400 20 3,800 4) 15 3,900 20 8,600,,, 74 8,200 4 (4 ) 64 6,700 (4 ) 32 7,600 (2 ) 5) 23 4,900 37 2,800 22 6,400, (129 1,900 ) 76 3,700 47 7,900 5 0,300 (, ) 33 6,200 ( ) 30 8,000 20), 1, pp. 514 515., 1968, 1971, 1980.., 1985.
4 69 12 6,200 26 3,900 643 400. 21) - - - - - - - - - - - 21) (1976),. (1967), :..
70 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
4 71 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
72 - - - - - - - 2,243 17.8% 401,,, 5.7% 129 1.5%, 1.3%.,,.. 2 2 ).,.,,, 4. 22) (1998. 8),,, p. 80.
4 73 7.,.. 1957., (KPM).. 3,000 16..,.
74 5. 2 3 ) 7. 1954 7. 1959 5 13 1 12. 3 9 3 1, 2 450, 2 450. 3 750 910. 24). - - - 23) (1994),,, No. 1., 1, pp. 514 515. (1985),. 24).
4 75,. 25) ( : ) 9,949 1 5,133 4.5 kw 2 1,694 1,127 408 836 54 112 585 2,700 561 (, ) 205 71 45 28 17, 8 7 70, 167 240 50 35 ( ), 480 78 96 25), 1, pp. 514 515. (1985),.
76 ( ) 6, 40 14 6 259 206 1,185 346 144 110 ( ), 74 74 70 58 57 252 14,040 1,394 185 232 355 553 2,700 5 5 (198 ) 50% 13.6%
4 77 6%., 13.6%..
5 1.,, 8 4 2, 5 5. 5 20.,,,,.,...,..
5 79......,,...
80 2..,,,, 10. SOC 50% 400 KDI 1. (1) : 1.( 1 ) 1 ( 4, 2 ). -. 170km 55km. 2. 3 2, 4. 5 2 2. 7 2. 31 43
5 81 2 4. (2) : ( 20km), ( 31km), ( 116.6 km), ( 145km) 312.6km. : 2 (1, 1 ), 3 ( 2, 1 ), 12 ( 4, 1, 7 ), 7 ( 6, 1 ) 24. 1982. 1985-12km 1997. 16.2km 1991 1998 24.5km. 19 18 437. 1,800 LG 3. 1. (3).
82 (4) :. 1,000 10 20 kw 2 (5), 200. (1 40 ) 2,000 1 100 3 800. (6). 26) 1 2.2, 4.9, 2,,, 0.6, 0.1 9.8. LG 1,000 2,000, 5,000 26) (1999),,.
5 83... (1) 1990 9,773. 4,837 4,936. SOC 2,180., 1 (EDCF) 7,000, (KOICA) 400.. (2) 27)28) 1970 ( 27),, (1998), :,. 28), (1998),,.
84 ). 1997 ADB IMF, IBRD. 5 7. 1998 120. IBRD (Trust Fund) ( 1993 5,000.). NGO 50.. IMF( (PRGF)), FAO( ), IBRD( (IDA)), ODA( ) 106, ADB( ) 5 7 25 45. IFC( ).
5 85.. 1965.,,,... 1. 21% 55%. 56% 42%...,.. 5 10.
86. 3..........
5 87.
6..,..... 5.,,,,,,.,,..
6 89......
[ ]. 1967... 1976... 1965... 1999... 1980. 8.., p. 80.. :... 1967. :.... 1970... 1998. :.. 1987. :.. 1972. ( ).. 1998.... 1970. 5. 2.. 1965. :.. Asia21. 1996.,. [ ]. 1, pp. 514 515.. 1968, 1971, 1980..
91. 1985... 1994.., No. 1.
Executive S ummary A Study on the Use of the Fund of the Claim to Japan in Asian Countries Jung Sik Kim One large problem for economic cooperation between South and North Korea is the underdeveloped social infrastructure of the North such as railroads, roads, electricity, etc. In order to develop social infrastructure, North Korea needs huge funds; however, the problem is the source of these funds. One possible source is through the claims to Japan. When North Korea receives the funds from Japan, the more important issue is the use of the funds, because it is possible to achieve a high economic growth rate only by using these funds efficiently. In this research, we analyze the use of the funds in South Korea, Indonesia, Philippines, Myanmar and Vietnam. Furthermore, we suggest an investment strategy for North Korea and a strategy for South Korea. The results can be summarized as follows. Most of the countries had invested the funds for the modernization of the social infrastructure and agricultural sector. Also, the funds had been used for industries which had a comparative advantage in each country. According to these results, we suggest that North Korea give priority to the social infrastructure and agricultural sector. In advance, it is necessary that North Korea consider the experience of countries which already have received funds from Japan.
Furthermore, the fund should be used not for political and military objectives but for economic purposes, and North Korea should make a complete plan for the management of the funds before receiving them. South Korea should help in North Korea's successful negotiation with Japan, and cooperate in North Korea's efficient use of the funds, because it will reduce South Korea's unification costs in the near future.
(1979) (1990) (, e-mail: kimjs@yonsei.ac.kr) (1998) (2000) 00-09 2000 12 20 2000 12 30 137-747 300-4 : 3460-1178 FAX: 3460-1144 : 2279-6901 1990 11 7 16-375 ISBN 89-322-6024-9 89-322-6015-X( ) 7,000