THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 12, Dec 그러나 eloran 송신 안테나는 매우 넓은 영역을 차지한 다. 예를 들어 미국에

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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2016 Dec.; 27(12), 1053 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/kjkiees.2016.27.12.1053 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) eloran Co-Location and Analysis of an eloran Transmitting Antenna in an MF Transmitting Site 김기남 목하균 구한이 남상욱 Ki-nam Kim Ha-kyun Mok Hanni Koo* Sangwook Nam* 요약 (Co-location) eloran,. eloran (TLE: Top-loading wire). eloran., eloran., eloran 100 khz 53.3 db, 1,053 khz 64.8 db. Abstract The eloran(enhanced Long Range Navigation) transmitting antenna is analyzed for co-location with an AM transmitting antenna in an MF transmitting site. To compensate for the loading effect, the umbrella-type loading is applied for eloran antenna. The validity of the co-location between the MF antenna and the eloran antenna is verified through the simulation results of the radiation pattern and the return loss. Also, coupling including antenna matching circuit is analyzed to verify the effect of the transmitting circuit. The coupling between the LF and eloran antenna is 53.3 db at 100 khz and 64.8 db at 1,053 khz, respectively. Key words: eloran Antenna, MF Antenna, Co-Location, Coupling. 서론 GPS (jamming). 2010 GPS,. eloran(enhanced Long Range Navigation) GPS [1]. GPS, LORAN-C, eloran,. 2016 BK 21 Plus. (Network Telecom) * (Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University) Manuscript received September 13, 2016 ; Revised October 24, 2016 ; Accepted November 24, 2016. (ID No. 20160913-097) Corresponding Author: Hanni Koo (e-mail: hnkoo@ael.snu.ac.kr) c Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved. 1053

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 12, Dec. 2016. 그러나 eloran 송신 안테나는 매우 넓은 영역을 차지한 다. 예를 들어 미국에 있는 Wildwood 안테나의 경우, 직 경이 380 m이기 때문에 대한민국과 같이 산과 건물이 많 은 지역에서 eloran 송신소 부지를 확보하는 것이 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 기 존 중파방송 송신소 부지 내 eloran 송신 안테나를 추가 로 설치하는 방안을 제안한다. 이는 공간을 충분히 활용 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, 주변 민원제기 및 환경성 평가 등을 생략할 수 있어 시공기간 단축은 물론 부지 구입과 시설물 구축비용 절감 등 많은 이점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 중파방송 송신소의 부지를 활용 하여 eloran 송신 시설로 사용하기 위해 부지 내 중파송 신 안테나와 동일 장소에 배치된 eloran 송신 안테나의 모델을 제시하고, 이를 분석하였다. 먼저 eloran 대역에 맞추어 100 khz 대역에서 동작하는 안테나를 설계하였 다. eloran 송신 안테나의 적합한 구조로 가장 일반적인 형태인 우산형 상부장하소자(TLE: Top-loading wire)가 연 결된 모노폴 안테나를 안테나 와이어 구조에 적합한 EM 시뮬레이션 툴인 Altair사의 FEKO 7.0을 이용하여 모델링 하였다 설계된 eloran용 송신 안테나를 중파송신 안 테나와 동일 장소에 배치하여 방사패턴과 임피던스를 비 교 분석한 결과, eloran용 송신 안테나 단독인 특성과 매 우 유사한 특성을 얻었다. 또한, 동일 장소 배치에 따른 송신회로의 영향을 확인하기 위해 eloran 및 중파송신 안 테나 매칭회로를 모두 포함한 coupling을 분석하였다. 그 결과, eloran 중심주파수인 100 khz에서 53.3 db, 중파 송신 안테나의 동작주파수인 1,053 khz에서 64.8 db로 커플링에 의한 영향은 미미함을 확인하였다. [2],[3] 중파송신 안테나 그림 1. Fig. 1. MF transmitting antenna. [4],[5]. Ⅱ. 안테나 설계 2-1 eloran용 송신 안테나 위치 및 크기 선정 중파송신 안테나의 구조는 그림 1에서 보인 바와 같이, 급전부, 반사기 그리고 두 개의 방향기로 구성되어 있으 며, 야기-우다 안테나로 동작을 한다. 안테나의 높이는 65 m이고, 동작되는 중심주파수는 1,053 khz이다. 그림 2는 김포 중파방송 송신소 부지를 찍은 항공사진이고, 빨간색 실선은 부지의 영역을 보여준다. eloran용 송신 안테나의 1054 그림 2. 중파방송 송신소 내 eloran 및 중파송신 안테나 의 위치 Fig. 2. Location of an eloran and an MF transmitting antenna in an MF transmitter site. 위치는 중파송신 안테나의 주엽(main beam)을 피해 송신 소 부지를 고려하여 방사형 접지의 반경을 75 m로 선정 하였다. 2-2 안테나 모델링 절을 통해 eloran용 송신 안테나의 위치 및 방사형 접지의 크기를 결정하였고, 동일 장소에 배치된 중파안테 나와 eloran용 송신 안테나를 그림 3과 같이 모델링하였 다. 먼저 중파송신 안테나는 김포송신소에 있는 안테나를 근거로 모델링하였다. 이때 안테나 사이의 간격은 50 m 이고, 안테나의 접지는 반경 25 m를 가지는 완전도체로 설정하였다. 그리고 eloran용 송신 안테나는 eloran 대역 의 중심주파수인 100 khz에서 동작하는 안테나를 설계 하였다. 안테나의 높이는 150 m로 설정하였고, 이는 파장 2-1

eloran 2-3 안테나시뮬레이션 (a) (a) Perspective view (b) (b) Side view 그림 3. eloran Fig. 3. Co-location of the eloran and the MF transmitting antenna. 20 1 short monopole. Short monopole Capacitance (TLE: Top-loading wire) [4] [6]. eloran 24, 0.01 m.. ITU-R P.832-2 3 ms/m, ITU-R P.527-3 medium dry ground 15 [7],[8]. eloran, [8]. 120 [2] [4],[10]. 3(b) eloran 1, Altair FEKO 7.0. zy xy 4. 4(b) xy phi 0 180. eloran 5 xy yz. 6(a) eloran., (1). Figure of Merit, F [6]. (1) 표 1. Table 1. Parameter values of the eloran and MF antenna. (m) (m) H 150 G MF 25 H 127.5 Gap 50 D eloran 1.5 L MF 6 D MF 1 H MF 65 G eloran 75 H MFL 50 (a) yz (a) yz plane (b) xy (b) xy plane 그림 4. Fig. 4. Radiation pattern of the MF transmitting antenna. 1055

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 12, Dec. 2016. (a) yz (a) yz plane (b) xy (b) xy plane 그림 5. eloran Fig. 5. Radiation pattern of the eloran transmitting antenna. η, ΔF 3 db. eloran 3 db 1.4 khz, 36.1 %. Figure of Merit 0.51 khz. Loran, Figure of Merit 0.669 khz F. (150 m) (320 m),. 100 khz 1.22 j138 Ohm. eloran 211 uh. 6(a) eloran,, 211 uh 207 uh. 6(b) 10 db 84 khz(1,033 1,118 khz), 1,053 khz., eloran.. 커플링분석 eloran 7. eloran (a) eloran (a) Return loss of the eloran antenna (b) (b) Return loss of the MF transmitting antenna 그림 6. Fig. 6. Retrun loss of the antenna. L 1, Z eloran ant 1.22 Ohm 50 Ohm., L 2 (Surge) Drain choke, L 3 L 4. C1 tunable. 22.9 +j15.2 Ohm, Z AM ant 120 Ohm. L 1 L 2, L 3, L 4, C 1 2. 7 eloran 8 1056

eloran 그림 7. eloran Fig. 7. Matching network between the eloran and the MF transmitting antenna.. 8(a) 100 khz 53.3 db. eloran, 304 kw, 1.4 W. 1,053 khz 64.8 db 8(b). 250 kw, eloran 0.08 W. 50 W, eloran.. 결론 (a) eloran (a) eloran band (b) (b) MF band 그림 8. eloran Fig. 8. Antenna coupling between the eloran and the MF transmitting antenna. 표 2. Table 2. Parameter values of the matching network. Z eloran ant 1.22 Ohm C 1 2,431 pf Z MF ant 120 Ohm L 3 17.65 uh L 1 207 uh L 4 17.2 uh L 2 200 uh eloran,. eloran (TLE: Top-loading wire). eloran., eloran., eloran 100 khz 53.3 db, 1,053 khz 64.8 db. eloran. References [1] G. W. Johnson, "An evaluation of eloran as a backup to GPS", in IEEE Conference on Technologies for Homeland Security, pp. 95-100, May 2007. [2] John Pinks, "Theoretical evaluation suitability of USCG LSU 625 TLM Loran antenna at Wildwood, N.J. at 500 khz for DRM transmission", RTCM Paper 043-2011- SC123-085., Feb. 2011. 1057

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 27, no. 12, Dec. 2016. [3] T. Hardy, N. Limited, "Next generation LF transmitter technology for (e)loran Systems", Nav08/ILA27 Conf. & Exhib., 2008. [4] T. L. Simpson, "The theory of top-loaded antennas: integral equations for the currents", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-19, pp. 186-190, Mar. 1971. [5] T. E. Devaney, R. F. Hall, and W. E. Gustafson, "Lowfrequency top loaded antenna", R&D Rep. 1381, Navial Postgraduate School, California, 2 Mar. 1987. [6] A. F Gangi, S. Sensiper, and G. R. Dunn, "The characteristics of electrically short, umbrella top-loaed antennas", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-18, pp. 864-871, Nov. 1965. [7] ITU-R P.832-2 World Atlas of Ground Conductivities. 1999. [8] ITU-R P.527-3 Electrical Characteristics of the Surface of the Earth. 1992. [9] Peder M. Hansen, "Rosette-shaped monopole antenna top-load for increased antenna voltage and power capability", US 08/232,784, Apr 21, 1994. [10],, "eloran ",, 22(1), pp. 1-4, 2014 5. 1994 2 : ( ) 1997 2 : ( ) 2007 8 : ( ) 1986 8 1991 5 : ( ) PAN OC- EAN 1991 6 1997 12 : 1998 1 2002 2 : 2002 3 2013 2 : 2002 4 : ( ) [ 주관심분야 ],,, RF, 2006 2 : ( ) 2008 2 : ( ) 2015 9 : 2008 1 2015 7 : ( ) [ 주관심분야 ], 1980 2 : ( ) 1982 8 : ( ) 1991 2000 : ( ) 1992 1995 : (Koreasat) (payload) (, ) 1982 2015 :,, 2016 : ( ) [ 주관심분야 ] TV, RF, 1981 2 : ( ) 1983 2 : ( ) 1989 : Electrical Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin ( ) 1990 : [ 주관심분야 ] Antenna and Wave Propagation, EM Field Numerical Analysis, Microwave & Millimeter-Wave Active/Passive Circuit Design 1058