ISSN 0367-6315 (Print) / ISSN 2288-2162 (Online) Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 48(5), 456-463 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2015.48.5.456 Article Effects of Granular on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) Growth, Yield, and Characteristics of Soil Under Greenhouse Young-Sang Kim*, Hyo-Jung Kang, Tae-Il Kim, Taek-Gu Jeong, Jong-Woo Han, Ik-Jei Kim, Sang-Young Nam, and Ki-In Kim 1 Chungcheongbuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Chungweon 1 Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Jellanam-do Mu-An (Received: August 26 2015, Revised: October 22 2015, Accepted: October 23 2015) The objective of this study was to determine the effects of granular type of silicate fertilizer on watermelon growth, yield, and characteristics of soil in the greenhouse. Four different levels of silicate fertilizer, 0(control), 600, 1,200, 1,800 kg ha -1 were applied for experiment. The silicate fertilizer was applied as a basal fertilization before transplanting watermelon. Compost and basal fertilizers were applied based on the standard fertilizer recommendation rate with soil testing. All of the recommended P2O5 and 50% of N and K2O were applied as a basal fertilization. The N and K 2 O as additional fertilization was split-applied twice by fertigation method. Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) cultivar was Sam-Bok-KKuol and main stem was from rootstock (bottle gourd: Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) Bul-Ro-Jang-Sang. The watermelon was transplanted on April, 15. Soil chemical properties, such as soil ph, EC, available phosphate and exchangeable K, Mg, and available SiO 2 levels increased compared to the control, while EC was similar and the concentrations of soil organic matter decreased. Physical properties of soils, such as soil bulk density and porosity were not different among treatments. The growth characteristics of watermelon, such as stem diameter, fresh and dry weight of watermelon at harvest were thicker and heavier for silicate treatment than the control, while number of node was shorter than the control. Merchantable watermelon increased by 3-5% compared to the control and sugar content was 0.4 to 0.7 o Brix higher than the control. These results suggest that silicate fertilizer application in the greenhouse can improve some chemical properties of soils and watermelon stem diameter and dry weight, which are contributed to watermelon quality and marketable watermelon production. Key words: Greenhouse, fertilizer, Soil chemistry, Watermelon Effect of applications of silicate fertilizer on the watermelon yield and its components. weight length width thickness kg ha -1 kg ea -1 ---------------------------------- cm ---------------------------------- Sugar content o Brix 0 9.1b 26.7b 23.3b 1.1a 10.8b 600 9.4a 27.6a 23.8a 1.1a 11.5a 1,200 9.5a 27.7a 23.9a 1.2a 11.2ab 1,800 9.2b 27.0b 23.9a 1.1a 11.3ab 1) *Corresponding author : Phone: +82432205861, Fax: +82432205859, E-mail: suanbo@korea.kr Acknowledgement : This research was supported by a grant from "Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ0094242015)" Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Young-Sang Kim, Hyo-Jung Kang, Tae-Il Kim, Taek-Gu Jeong, Jong-Woo Han, Ik-Jei Kim, Sang-Young Nam, and Ki-In Kim 457 Introduction 친환경농업은생태계와조화를이루어자연의재생산과정을유지하고환경을보전하여지속안정적인생산성을유지하는농업체계이다. 안전먹거리에대한관심과환경문제에대한이슈화로친환경농업에대한관심이높아짐에따라원예작물에대한규산의효과시험이많이이루어지고있다 (Cho et al., 2004). 규소는지각이나토양을구성하는기초광물중하나의원소로써화학성분중산소에이어 28% 를차지하는성분이다. 자연중에존재하는규소는단독으로존재하기보다는항상다른원소와결합되어있으며, 특히산소와친화성이좋아 silicate 혹은 silica 형태로존재하며, 산소나다른금속물질과많이결합되어있다 (Lee, 2012). 규산은작물에필수요소는아니지만규소 (Si) 가식물체에다양한효과에대한인식이높아짐에따라전세계적으로규소의역할에대한연구가활발히진행되고있다 (Richmond and Sussman, 2003). 벼와같은화본과식물의경우규소가필수원소로인정되고있으며, 토마토와오이등의작물에서도규소가일부필수원소로밝혀지고있는데 (Miyake and Takahashi, 1978; Miyake and Takahashi, 1983), 토마토의경우개화기이후규소가부족하면잎의발생이정상적이지못하고수분작용에문제가되며, 심할경우에는결실이불량해지기도한다 (Miyake and Takahashi, 1978). 식물이흡수한규소는줄기피층세포에축적되어조직의물리적강도를높여화본과작물의생육과수량을증가시킨다 (Epstein, 1994). 벼에규산질비료를시용할경우도열병, 깨씨무늬병, 뿌리썩음병과바이러스성, 세균성병해및이화명충등의병해를감소시키는것으로알려져있다 (Sherwood and Vance, 1980). 또한규소를처리하여재배한식물은각종스트레스에대한저항성이커지고식물의직립성을높여광합성효율을증진시킨다 (Ma, 2004). 아울러규산은토양내인산의유효도증진과작물의인산흡수량증가에직접적인역할로토양중 Total-P 을감소시켜토양염류집적을예방할수있는효과도있다 (Lee and Kim, 2006). 규산질비료의시용은토양 ph 상승및유기물질의분해를촉진하고토양의양분공급력을높이며 (Elawad and Green, 1979), 식물체질소흡수량을감소시키는반면규산흡수량을증가시킨다고보고되었다 (Kim, 2008). 국내에서는규소의작용과효과에대하여대부분벼를대상으로연구되었으며, 최근에일부밭작물과시설재배작물에서연구가이루어지고있다 (Lee et al, 2003). 오이, 수박, 참외, 호박과같은박과작물에서규산질비료를시용하면병충해방제와수량증가가있는것으로보고되고있다 (Cho et al., 1998; Lee and Yiem, 2000; Menzies et al., 1991; Menzies et al., 1992). 이러한규소의다양한효과로일부시설수박재배농가에서규산질비료를활용하고있으나수박에대한 효과구명및적정시용수준이설정되어있지않으며, 규산질비료가시설토양에시용되었을때토양환경변화에대한연구가수행되어있지않다. 따라서본연구는시설수박재배시규산질비료가수박의생육과수량및시설재배지토양이화학성에미치는영향을구명하고자수행하였다. Materials and Methods 시설수박재배지에서규산질비료시비가수박의생육과수량및시설재배지토양환경변화에미치는영향에대한재배시험을충북음성군대소면대금로 326-8 번지수박연구소시설하우스에서수행하였다. 규산시비는 0 ( 대조구 ), 600, 1,200 및 1,800 kg ha -1 로 4수준으로처리하였다. 시험에사용한입상규산질비료는규산 25%, 알칼리분 40%, 고토 2% 가함유된비료이었다. 처리시기는수박정식전인 3 월중순에퇴비와밑거름시용시전량밑거름으로처리하였다. 퇴비 (15,000 kg ha -1 ) 와밑거름은토양검정시비량 (N-P 2O 5-K 2O=138-49-87 kg ha -1 ) 을기준으로 P 2O 5 는전량, N는토양검정시비량의 50%, K 2O는토양검정시비량의 50% 를밑거름으로시비하였고, 웃거름은 N과 K 2O 잔량을 2 회로나누어관주에의해시비하였다. 사용된수박 (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.) 품종은 삼복꿀 로대목은박 (Lagenaria leucantha Standl.) 인 불로장생 을육묘장에서구입하여정식전육묘상에서 2일순화시키어 4월 15일에정식하였다. 육묘시묘상에서발생할수있는병충해방제를위하여흰가루병, 만고병및진딧물약제를 1회살포하였다. 수박정식은녹색 PE 필름 (0.03 mm) 을피복후본엽 3 4매인접목묘를이랑너비를 250 cm, 포기사이를 45 cm 로하여이랑의안쪽 20 cm 부근에정식하였다. 야간저온에대비하여 4 월말까지소형터널을설치하여온도및습도를관리하였으며, 정식후본엽 4 5매일때적심한후원줄기와건실한아들줄기 2본을선택하여 3줄기로유인하여재배하였다. 수정벌을이용하여 1주일간 (5월 20일 5월 26 일 ) 수분을실시하고, 15 21절에주당 3과를착과시킨후, 건전한 1과를남기고 2과는적과하였으며, 기타재배방법및관리는표준재배법에준하여관리하였다. 수박생육과과실특성등은농업과학기술연구조사분석기준 (RDA, 2003) 에준하여, 만장, 절간장, 절수, 과중등을조사하였고, 당도는당도계 (Atago, PAL-1, Japan) 를사용하여측정하였다. 수확한과실은기형과, 공동과등을비상품과로분류하여조사하였다. 토양분석이화화적특성분석을위한토양시료는표토 0 20 cm 깊이에서 Augar 를이용하여채취하였다. 채취된토양을음지에서자연건조시킨후 2 mm 체를통과한토양을시료로사용하였으며, 국립농업과학원토양및식물체분석법 (NIAST, 2010) 에준하여분석하였다. 토양의 ph
458 Effects of Granular on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) Growth, Yield, and Characteristics of Soil Under Greenhouse 와 EC는시료와증류수를 1 : 5의비율로혼합하여 30 분간진탕한후 ph는 ph meter (Radiometer M-92, Denmark) 로측정하였으며, 유기물함량은 Tyurin 법, 유효인산은 Lancaster 법으로비색계 (Varian Carry 50, Australia) 를이용하여측정하였다. 치환성양이온 K, Ca, Mg 는 1 N ammonium acetate로침출하여 ICP (Varian Vista-Pro, Australia) 로분석하였으며, 토성은 Micropipette 법으로입경분포를조사하여미국농무성 (USDA) 의분류체계에따라서결정하였다 (Miller and Miller, 1987). 토양물리성지표로서용적밀도, 공극율및삼상분석은수박수확이끝난다음 100 cm 3 코어를이용하여채취후즉시밀봉하여실험실로운반하여습토의무게를평량한후 110 C 건조기에 48 시간이상건조한다음건토의무게를측정하여계산하였다. 통계분석분석항목에따른실험결과는 EXCEL 프로그램을이용하여평균값을산출하였고, 처리간의유의성을검정하기위하여 SAS 프로그램 (SAS, ver 9.1.3. 2006) 을이용하여 5% 수준에서 Duncan's Multiple Range Test 를수행하였다. Results and Discussion 토양특성수박을재배한토양의물리화학적특성을분석한결과는 Table 1과같다. 농촌진흥청 (RDA, 2010) 에서제시하는수박재배지적정범위는 ph 6.0 6.5, OM (Organic Matter) 20 30 g kg -1, Avail. P 2O 5 350 450 mg kg -1, Exch. K 0.70 0.80 cmol c kg -1, Exch. Ca 5.0 6.0 cmol c kg -1, Exch. Mg 1.5 2.0 cmol c kg -1, EC 2 ds m -1 이하이다. 시험포장의토양화학성은수박재배지적정범위에비하 여전기전도도 (EC), 치환성칼슘, 마그네슘을제외하고는유기물, 유효인산, 치환성칼륨은적정범위보다비옥도가낮은수준이었으며, 토성은사양토이었다. 규산질비료처리에따른시험후토양특성변화를조사하기위해수확후토양을채취하여분석하였다 (Table 2). 시험후토양 ph 는규산질비료무시용구 ( 이하대조구 ) 는시험전과같았으며, 규산질비료처리구는시용량이많아짐에따라증가하는경향을보였다. 이는규산질비료에함유된 Ca과 Mg 같은염기성양이온이토양용액내로용해되고또한규산염이일부토양용액에서가수분해되어 ph 가상승된것으로보인다 (Joo and Lee, 2011). Cho et al. (2004) 은규산질비료시비량에따라 ph 가증가하였고, 규산질비료 1,000 kg ha -1 처리로 ph 를 0.1 0.2 단위로증가시킬수있다고보고하였다. 하지만 ph 가낮은산성토양을개량하기위해서는규산질비료의처리만으로는토양개량이낮으므로규산질비료시용과는별도로 ph 교정을위해추가적인석회비료시용이필요하다고하였다 (Kang and Ha, 1985; Park et al., 1972). 진천과음성지역의시설수박재배지는대부분논에하우스를설치하여그대로이용하거나복토하여수박을재배하고있다. 이들지역의토양산도는약 44% 가 ph 6.0 이하의토양 (Korean soil information system : http ://soil.rda.go.kr, 2015) 으로수박재배지로이용할경우적정한토양개량이필요한실정으로석회와규산질비료의적정한시용은토양산도를개선할수있을것이다. 전기전도도 (EC) 는대조구에서는시험전에비하여증가하였으나, 규산질비료처리구는시험전과비슷하였으며, 규산질비료처리량에따른차이는없었다. 토양유기물함량은시험전에비하여시험후에감소하였는데규산질비료처리량이높을수록낮아지는경향을보였다. 이러한결 Table 1. Physicochemical properties of soils used for the experiment. Exch. Cation ph EC OM Avail. P 2O 5 NO 3-N Avail. SiO 2 Soil texture K Ca Mg (1:5) ds m -1 g kg -1 ------------------ mg kg -1 ------------------ ---------------- cmol c kg -1 ---------------- 6.7 1.7 17 175 118 145 0.38 5.2 1.5 Sandy loam Table 2. Changes of soil chemical properties in final harvesting time as influenced by applications of silicate fertilizer. fertilizer level ph EC OM Avail. P 2O 5 NO 3-N Avail. SiO 2 Exch. Cation K Ca Mg kg ha -1 (1:5) ds m -1 g kg -1 ------------------ mg kg -1 ------------------ ---------------- cmol c kg -1 ---------------- 0 6.7b 1.8a 18a 186c 123a 136c 0.30a 5.4b 1.6b 600 6.8ab 1.5b 19a 204b 116b 157b 0.26b 5.5b 1.6b 1,200 6.8ab 1.5b 16b 213ab 125a 166b 0.23b 5.8ab 1.7ab 1,800 6.9a 1.6ab 16b 226a 122a 200a 0.23b 6.0a 1.8a
Young-Sang Kim, Hyo-Jung Kang, Tae-Il Kim, Taek-Gu Jeong, Jong-Woo Han, Ik-Jei Kim, Sang-Young Nam, and Ki-In Kim 459 과는규산질비료시용에의해토양유기물질의분해가촉진되었음을의미하는것으로 Kim (2008) 은규산자재의시용은토양유기물의분해를촉진시켜벼에대한질소공급량을증가시키나규산의시용에의해서토양유기물함량은감소한다는보고와같은결과이었다. 하지만시설재배지와같은고온다습환경과시설재배특성상양분이동이아래에서위로이동하는조건과같은특수한환경에서규산시용이유기물분해에미치는영향에대한연구는좀더수행할필요가있을것으로판단되었다. 유효인산함량은규산질비료시용에따라대조구에비하여규산시용량이증가함에따라토양중의유효인산함량도증가하는경향이었다. 본연구에서유효규산함량이높은토양에서유효인산함량이증가하는현상은결국규산의흡착이증가함에따라서인산의흡착이상대적으로억제 (Cho et al., 2004) 되었기때문일것으로판단되었다. 또한 Raupach and Piper (1959) 는토양용액내존재하는규산은인산의흡착량을감소시키므로더많은양의인산이식물이이용가능한상태로존재한다고하였다. 시험후토양화학성중치환성칼륨은대조구에비하여규산질비료처리구에서감소하였다. 이러한결과는규산질비료처리수준이높을수록치환성칼륨의감소정도가컸다는 Jung et al. (1985) 의결과와일치하였다. 일반적으로규산을증시하면, 비료에다량으로함유되어있는관련성분의차이에서오는잔존량의증대로치환성칼슘과마그네슘은증가하는반면, 칼륨은토양내잔존량이감소할뿐만아니라다량원소인칼륨의흡수가촉진되어토양중함유량이적어지는것으로알려져있다 (Chang et al., 2006). 또한규회석을다량으로시용하는경우에도칼륨함량이낮아지는것으로보고되어있으나, 규회석을시용할경우볏짚을병용하면규회석에의한칼륨성분의불용화를억제할수있다고하였다 (Jung et al., 1985). 치환성칼슘함량은규산질비료처리구에서는처리량에관계없이대조구에비하여치환성칼슘함량이증가하는것으로나타났으며, 규산질비료처리량이많아짐에따라증가하였다. 규산질비료처리에따른치환성칼슘함량증가는규산질비료에포함된알칼리분 (CaO+MgO 40%) 의영향으로판단되며, 토양 ph 의상승과도연관이있으리라본다. 규산질비료처리에따른질산태질소의함량변화는대조구에비하여유의적인차이를나타내지않았는데, Kim et al. (1994) 은밭에서규산처리구는질산태질소함량이다소낮아졌다고보고한결과와다소상이한결과를보였다. 시험전토양에서유효규산함량은 145 mg kg -1 정도수준이었는데, 시험후대조구에서는 136 mg kg -1 으로시험전에비하여유효규산함량이다소감소하였다. 이는가용화된규산이수박에의한흡수및용탈로인해감소된것으로판단되었다. 규산질비료처리구에서는규산질비료의처리량이많을수록유효규산함량이증가하였다 (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Relationship between in soil available SiO 2 and application levels of silicate fertilizer. Fig. 2. Changes in the concentrations of available SiO 2 during the growth period as affected by silicate fertilizer applications. 토양에처리된규산은가용화되어식물에흡수나용탈등으로토양에서제거되지않는이상상당기간초기에가용화된수준으로토양중에잔류할수있다 (Cho et al., 2004). 본시험에서는규산질비료를수준별로처리한후재배기간중토양중의경시적변화를조사하여 Fig. 2에나타내었다. 논에서규산질비료시용은유수분화기까지급속히증가하다가출수기에는서서히감소하는경향을보였다고보고 (Kim, 1982) 하였는데, 본연구에서는처리후 40 일까지는가용화속도가빨랐으며처리후 70 일이후에는서서히증가하다가수확기에이른 100 일정도에는완만한증가상태를보였다. 규산질비료시용에따른토양물리성변화는 Table 3과같다. 시험전에비하여시험후용적밀도는증가하였고, 공극율은감소하였다. 그러나규산질비료처리에따른용적밀도및공극율은대조구와유의적인차이를나타내지는않았다. 또한토양 3상중고상, 액상, 기상등규산질비료시용에따른유의적인차이는나타나지않았으나단순평균값은규산시용량이증가함에따라고상이감소하고기상이증가하는경향이었다. Yeon (2005) 은논토양에서토양개량제시용에의해용적밀도는감소하였으며, 공극율은증가하여액상이감소되고, 기상이증가하여토양물리성이개선되었다고보고하였으나, 본연구에서는규산시용에따른토양물
460 Effects of Granular on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) Growth, Yield, and Characteristics of Soil Under Greenhouse Table 3. Changes of soil physical properties before and after experiment as affected by applications of silicate fertilizer. Bulk density Porosity Solid phase Liquid phase Gaseous phase Mg m -3 ---------------------------------------------------- % ---------------------------------------------------- Before treatment 1.50 46.7 57.2 21.3 21.5 Experiment after 0 1.53a 44.8a 55.3 23.4 21.3 600 1.54a 44.4a 55.6 23.1 21.3 1,200 1.59a 46.2a 53.8 23.5 22.7 1,800 1.56a 44.4a 53.6 23.6 22.8 Table 4. Growth of watermelon plant as affected by applications of silicate fertilizer. Stem diameter Internode length Leaf length Leaf width Plant length kg ha -1 ----------------------------------------------------------------- cm ----------------------------------------------------------------- 0 1.14a 9.6a 24.7a 24.3a 222a 600 1.16a 9.6a 24.8a 24.5a 224a 1,200 1.15a 9.5a 24.9a 24.8a 224a 1,800 1.15a 9.6a 24.8a 24.7a 222a Table 5. Effect of applications of silicate fertilizer on the growth characteristic of watermelon. Stem length No. of node Stem diameter Plant length Fresh weight Dry weight kg ha -1 cm ea plant -1 mm cm g plant -1 kg ha -1 0 11.1a 58.6a 10.9b 624a 1,368b 1,780b 600 11.2a 57.9a 11.2a 627a 1,387b 1,800b 1,200 11.1a 59.6a 11.1a 596b 1,509a 1,960a 1,800 10.9b 58.3a 11.3a 600b 1,518a 1,970a 리성개선효과는나타나지않았으며, 물리성에대한효과검토를위해서는좀더장기적인시험이필요할것으로판단된다. 수박생육및수량특성수박정식후 30 일에규산질비료시용에따른초기생육상황을비교검토하기위해절간장, 경경, 만장등을조사하였다 (Table 4). 절간장, 경경및만장은규산질비료처리에따른유의적인차이를나타내지않아규산시용이수박의초기생육에는영향을미치지않은것으로생각된다. 이러한결과는입상규산질비료가용해되어식물에의해흡수되기까지의기간이짧았기때문으로판단된다. 일부농가에서규산질비료를 ha 당 4,000 kg 정도이상시용하였을경우에수박의생육이저조하였다고하는데, 이는질소와규산성분은서로길항작용을하기때문인것으로판단된다. Kim, et al. (2002) 는토마토의생 육반응및수량에미치는영향을검토한결과규소는 N과 K의흡수를억제하는효과가있다고보고하였는데, 규산질비료의과다시용은생육초기질소의흡수저해및광합성활동잎의질소농도저하를초래하여초기생육을억제할우려가있는것으로사료된다. 한편오이에규산을시용하였을경우무처리에비해생육이양호하며수량도높았으며, 규산질비료 2,000 kg ha -1 보다 4,000 kg ha -1 처리에서수량이높았다고보고하여 (Kim and Kim, 1981), 작물의최대생산량을얻기위한규산질비료시용량은작물의종류, 토양비옥도및재배환경에따라차이가날것으로판단된다. Table 5는규산질비료시용에따른수확기생육특성이다. 규산질비료처리구에서는시용량이증가할수록대조구에비하여경경은두꺼워지고, 생중및건물중이무거워지는경향을보였으며, 절간장과만장은짧아지는경향으로나타냈다. 이러한결과는규산질비료의시용은수박의영양
Young-Sang Kim, Hyo-Jung Kang, Tae-Il Kim, Taek-Gu Jeong, Jong-Woo Han, Ik-Jei Kim, Sang-Young Nam, and Ki-In Kim 461 Table 6. Effect of applications of silicate fertilizer on the watermelon yield and its components. weight length width thickness kg ha -1 kg ea -1 ------------------------------------- cm ------------------------------------- Sugar content 0 9.1b 26.7b 23.3b 1.1a 10.8b 600 9.4a 27.6a 23.8a 1.1a 11.5a 1,200 9.5a 27.7a 23.9a 1.2a 11.2ab 1,800 9.2b 27.0b 23.9a 1.1a 11.3ab o Brix Table 7. Effect of applications of silicate fertilizer on the watermelon productivity. Non-marketable fruit rate Yield Commodityrate Marketable yield Puffy fruit Malformed fruit Sum index kg ha -1 -------------------------------------------- % -------------------------------------------- kg ha -1 0 4.2 4.0 8.2 91.8 52,790c 100 600 4.0 4.0 8.0 92.0 54,870ab 104 1,200 3.8 3.9 7.7 92.3 55,340a 105 1,800 3.7 3.8 7.5 92.5 54,140b 103 생장기간동안에는초장생장을일부억제하고잎의직립을유도하여절간장과만장이짧아지는결과를나타낸것으로판단된다. 규산질비료시용은벼의초장을억제하고잎의직립을유도하여수광효율을개선시키며, 토양의양분공급력을향상시켜생육을촉진한다고알려져있으며 (Kim, 2008), 본연구에서도절간장및만장이짧아져부분적으로같은결과를나타냈다. 토마토의경우개화기까지는규소의영향을받지않으나개화기이후규소가부족하면잎의발생이비정상이며, 수분작용에지장을초래하여결실이불량해지는것으로보고되었으나 (Miyake and Takahashi, 1978), 본연구에서는규산부족에의한피해는나타나지않았으며, 규산시용량이적은 600 kg ha -1 처리에서는대조구와비슷한생육특성을보였다. 규산질비료처리에따른수박수량특성은 Table 6에서보는바와같이개당과중은대조구에비하여규산질비료처리구에서무거웠으며, 규산질비료시용량이 1,200 kg ha -1 까지는증가하다가 1,800 kg ha -1 처리에서는낮아지는경향을보였다. Aoki and Ogawa (1997) 및 Kim (1992) 에의하면토마토에규소를시용할경우지상부와지하부의생체중및건물중, 과실중이무시용구에비해증가한다고보고하였지만, 적정량이상이라고판단되는 4 ton ha -1 혼용구에서는오히려감소되어적정혼용량이존재함을확인한보고 (Kim et al,. 2002) 는본연구와일맥상통하는. 결과이었다. 수박의과장은 26.7 27.7 cm, 과폭은 23.3 23 cm 으로대조구에비하여규산질비료처리에따라과장은크고과폭은넓어지는경향을보였으나, 과피두께는 1.1 1.2 cm 으로규산질비료처리에따른차이는나타나지않았다. 본연구에서규산질비료처리구에서생체중및건물중이증가하였으며 (Table 5), 과실수량은 1,200 kg ha -1 처리에서최대수량을나타내어, 필요이상의규산질비료시용은자원낭비와환경오염원이될가능성이있을것으로판단되었다. 한편수박의품질결정에중요한역할을나타내는당도는규산질비료처리구에서대조구에비하여 0.4 0.7 o Brix 높아졌으며, 규산질비료 600 kg ha -1 처리에서 11.5 o Brix로대조구 10.8 o Brix에비하여 0.7 o Brix가유의하게증가되었다. 규산질비료처리에따른비상품과율및상품수량을조사한결과는 Table 7과같다. 공동과율및기형과율은대조구에서각각 4.2% 와 4.0% 로가장높았고, 규산시용량이증가함에따라공동과율과기형과율이낮아져상품율이높아지는경향이었다. 이러한결과는 Cho (2011) 의토마토에규산질비료시용은소과와열과의발생이낮았다는보고와 Ahn et al. (2014) 의규산질비료시용은고추비상품과발생을감소시키고품질을향상시켰으며, Lee et al. (2003) 의참외의발효과와열과의발생이낮아져상품과율이높아졌다는보고와일맥상통하는결과이었다. 공동과, 기형과등비상품과를제외한상품과율은 91.8 92.5% 로규산질비료처리에의하여 0.2 0.7% 증가되어상품과율이향상되었으며, 수박상품수량은 3 5% 증수되었다. 본연구에서규산질비료시용처리에서수박과중이증가된것은규산질비료는작물의생육환경을개선하고생리활성을촉진시켜증수에기여한다고 (Soil and Fertilizer, 2001) 한것처럼수박의생
462 Effects of Granular on Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) Growth, Yield, and Characteristics of Soil Under Greenhouse 육환경과생리환경을증진하여수박의과중이무거워진것 으로사료되며, 작물의생식생장및영양생장에대한규소 의정확한작용기작에대한연구는추후실험이필요하다 고판단된다. Conclusion 시설수박재배지에서규산시용이수박의생육, 수량및 시설재배지토양환경특성에미치는영향을구명하고자시 험을수행하였다. 규산수준을 0 ( 대조구 ), 600, 1,200, 1,800 kg ha -1 4 처리를두었고, 경운전에 100% 밑거름으로처리 하였다. 토양의화학적특성은규산시용량이증가함에따 라 ph, 유효인산, 치환성칼슘, 마그네슘및유효규산함량 은높아졌으며, 전기전도도는비슷하였고, 유기물함량은 규산시용량이증가함에따라시험전에비하여감소하는결 과를보였다. 토양물리성중용적밀도와공극률은규산질 비료처리에따른유의적인차이를보이지않았다. 수박의 초기생육으로절간장, 경경및만장은규산질비료처리에 따라유의적인차이를나타내지않아초기생육에영향을미 치지않았으나, 수확기에는규산질비료시용량이많아짐에 따라경경은두꺼워지고, 생중및건물중 ( 잎과줄기 ) 이무 거웠으며, 절간장및만장은짧아지는경향이었다. 수박상 품수량은대조구에비하여규산질비료처리구에서 3 5%, 당도는 0.4 0.7 o Brix 높게나타났다. 따라서시설수박재 배시규산질비료시용은시설재배지토양화학성을개선시 키며수박의경경및건물중향상등수박의품질과생산성 향상에효과가있는것으로판단되었다. References Ahn, B.K., S.G. Han, J.Y. Kim, K.C. Kim, D.Y. Ko, S.S. Jeong, and J.H. Lee. 2014. Influence of silicate fertilizer application on soil properties and red pepper productivity in plastic film house. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 33:254-261. Aoki, M., and M. Ogawa, 1997. Influence of silicon on the blossom-end rot and growth of tomato. J. Sci. Soil Manure. 48:156-159. Chang, K.W., J.H. Hong, J.E. Lee, and J.J. Lee. 2006. Effects of the granular silicate fertilizer (GSF) application on the rice growth and quality. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39:151-156. Cho, H.J., H.Y. Choi, Y.W. Lee, Y.J. Lee, and J.B. Chung. 2004. Availability of silicate fertilizer and its effect on soil ph in upland soils. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 23:104-110. Cho, I.C., S.H. Lee, and B.J. Cha, 1998. Effects of soluble silicon and several surfactants on the development of powdery mildew of cucumber. Korean J. Environ. Agric. 17:306-311. Elawad S.H., and Green V.E. 1979. Silicon and the rice plant environment. A review of recent research. Ⅱ. Riso. 28:235-253. Epstein, E. 1994. The anomaly of silicon in plant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:11-17. Joo, J. H., and S. B. Lee. 2011. Assessment of silicate fertilizers application affecting soil properties in paddy field. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 44:1016-1022. Jung, K.Y., S.J. Cho, and J.J. Kim. 1985. Effects of rice straw and wollastonite application on the growth and yield of the rice plant. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 18:148-155. Kang, U.G., and, H.S. Ha. 1985. Effect of lime and temperature on the changes of available soil nutrients in acid sulfate soil under submergence. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 18:282-288. Kim, C.B., N.K. Park, S.H. Lee, S.D. Park, and B.S. Choi. 1994. Changes in Barley yield and some physico-chemical properties of upland soil by long term application of silicate fertilizer and compost. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 27:196-200. Kim, J.K. 1982. A study on the dissolution rate for the silicons materials from Korea, MS. Thesis, Korea University, Seoul, Korea. Kim, K.S., and Y.U. Kim, 1981. Studies on the counterplan against soil sickness due to continuous cropping of vegetables in vinyl houses. Part Ⅱ. The effects of silicate on the growth of cucumber plants in vinyl house. Rural Development Review. 16:93-98. Kim, S.B. 2008. Effect of silicon fertilizer application on the paddy rice and soil physiochemical properties. Chungnam National University. Ph. D. Thesis. Kim, T.S. 1992. The effect silicon on physiological nutrition and manganese toxity of tomato plant. Ph. D. Kon-Kuk University, Seoul Korea. Korean soil information system (http ://soil.rda.go.kr). 2015. Soil data. Soil chemical properties in Jincheon and Eumseong region. Lee, J.S., and M.S. Yiem. 2000. Effect of soluble silicon on development of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) in cucumber plants. Korean J. Pestic. Sci. 4:37-43. Lee, S.B. 2012. Effect of several silicate fertilizers on soil characteristics and crop growth. MS. Thesis. Kangwon National University p 1. Lee, S.H., H.J. Cho, H.J. Shin, Y.S. Shin, S.D. Park, B.J. Kim, and J.B. Chung. 2003. Effect of silicate fertilizer on oriental melon in plastic film house. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 36:407-416. Lee, Y.B., and P.J. Kim. 2006. Effects of silicate fertilizer on increasing phosphate availability in salt accumulated soil during Chinese cabbage cultivation. Korean J. Soil Sci. Fert. 39:8-14. Lee, Y.H., S.T. Choi, S.T. Lee, K.P. Hong, W.D. Song, J.H. Lee, and J.S. Cho. 2010. Changes in Fe, and Mn content
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