w» wz 14«4y(2012) (ISSN 1229-5671) Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Vol 14 No 4 (2012) pp 222~228 DOI: 105532/KJAFM2012144222 Author(s) 2012 CC Attribution 30 License š vw ù e ql z*á½ yá w m (2012 10 25 ; 2012 11 21 ; 2012 11 26 ) Natural Regeneration Patten of Pine Seedlings on the Burned Forest Site in Gosung Korea Joo-Hoon Lim* Jeong-Hwan Kim and Sang-Won Bae Division of Forest Soil and Water Conservation Korea Forest Research Institute (Received October 25 2012; Revised November 21 2012; Accepted November 26 2012) ABSTARCT This study was conducted to determine the natural succession process after forest fire by comparing height relative growth rates in height (RGH) and tree density of pine seedlings with different fire severity In the area damaged by surface fire tree density was highest during the first 5 years after fire However in the area damaged by crown fire tree density rapidly increased during first 5 years after fire Pine seedlings were found only on the place with ridges barren soil and the aspect of north Annual height growth of pine seedlings was decreased with time in all study sites The empty space in pine stands gradually decreased by the invasion of Quercus species The forest fire altered the pine forest into oak forest rapidly In contrast pine seedlings invaded steadily on the oak forest in the rocky area or the area with ridges Key words: Pine seedling Post-fire Pine regeneration Relative growth rates I š y 1996 w x d ù ƒ w w d ù ùkù x ù ù 1996 2000 w eš 1996 š š y t w w w y 3762ha gš 2000 š m w 1 w w 268m/s w t kš y 852ha g w 1996 w 3~4 ù e š ù ƒ w w x 70ha ³ ty vw vw œ ƒ w 2000 w»» œ vw p w w œ mw ƒ w k w w» * Corresponding Author : Joo-Hoon Lim (forefire@koreakr)
Joo-Hoon Lim et al: Natural Regeneration Patten of Pine Seedlings on the Burned Forest Site in Gosung Korea 223 w v w ysy w m ù m j ù ƒ w œ k w w (Korea Forest Research Institute 2006) vw y y g k w e w j w wù z s x xk» s vw (Zak and Denton 1998; Korea Forest Research Institute 1996) ù ty w É v w ù y w w û š w ƒ (Agee 1998; Fernandes et al 2008; Rodrigo et al 2007) ù ƒ ƒ š w wš ù z ù (Retana et al 2002; Rodrigo et al 2004; Gara et al 1985) vw ù ˆ mw z w w ù s mw w t k e eù ƒ» (Korea Forest Research Institute 1996) ù m w ù ƒ» w (Raftoyannis and Spanos 2005) š»z w w ù w» m w ù swš w w z ù» ww y ƒ š ù x Ÿ m ù w ù ƒ w š vw ü ù p w y wš ù e ql w š ww II š w l 4km ƒ y s³ w š 90m ùkû k ew w» p t w w ù» ƒ tw û t t t w û t t w ùkû 5 w 1 2 3 š 4 1996 2000 2z vw s 20m ¼ 50m j» w 5 1996 ty w vw Fig 1 The geographic location of the study site
224 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Vol 14 No 4 Table 1 Monthly solar-radiation of study site Mean Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec South facing 1432 926 1390 1487 2004 2078 1748 1868 1188 1459 1424 706 906 North facing 277 252 228 311 293 259 263 312 306 297 235 276 296 RGH(relative growth rates in height)= (ln H 1 ln H 0 ) / (T 1 T 0 ) (1) III š Fig 2 The meteorological data of study site s 20m ¼ 40m j» w s³ û 1432W/m 2 277 W/m 2 ùkû (Table 1) s³» 111 o C û 117 C o ùkûš m 128 o C û 108 C o ùkû m w û 277% 103% ùkù û ùkû w û 620% 663% ùkù ùk û (Fig 2) ü ù e š š w z 15 ù š š ƒ w š 1 w w 31 2011» ƒ 1 740 /ha 2 70 /ha 3 180 /ha 4 170 /ha š 5 1125 /ha ùkù ù e ƒ w» wù x w w (Fig 2) 5ƒ 1 2 3 š 4 w ùkû ƒ ù w (Anderson et al 1987; Bergeron et al 1998) w ty vw 5 1 w ty z» ù w ƒ ƒw ƒ 10 w z l ƒ w w š 1 4 y z 8 w ƒ j ùkù w 2 3 k w û ùkü ù ù Rodrigo et al(2004) s ƒ ù w e y ƒ ty É v w ù k ù y t ƒ w š š w 5 1996 ty vw z û ƒ y w» z» ƒ ƒw l» 5
Joo-Hoon Lim et al: Natural Regeneration Patten of Pine Seedlings on the Burned Forest Site in Gosung Korea 225 w z ƒw q w z ù ù É v ƒ š š (Retana et al 2002; Zak and Denton 1998) w ù mw w ƒ w w Ÿ m w t w Ÿ e w w w 2 3 l ù ù ˆ w ù ƒ w ù ƒ w û 32 ù š ƒ z š Fig 3 ùkü š 1z ty 5 ƒ 1629cm ƒ ùkû 1 2 3 š 4 ƒ ƒƒ 1141cm 779cm 822cm 870cm ùkû ù 1 2 3 š 4 m ƒ ùkù (p=05) š 5 k w (p=00003) š 1 1 2 3 4 š 5 ƒƒ 079 078 078 076 067 ùkù w ƒ ùkù (p=074) 10 1 2 3 š 5 ƒƒ 077 005 005 003 ùkù ƒ w ƒ ùkù (p=006) š w w w Cheong et al(1997) s 6 ù š 06 š šw š Retana et al(2002) ³ z xk ù e ù ƒ ù e w ù e ƒ w w š šw Rodrigo et al(2004) w ù kù z s ƒ ù v w w w š šw Stott and Loehle(1998) z d w œ w š k ù wd š w Fig 3 The variations in stem density on post-fire years Fig 4 Visualization of height growth and relative growth rate Graph(a) a-axis are years (1996-2010) and graph(b) x-axis are years after post-fire Error bar is standard error
226 Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Vol 14 No 4 한편 산불피해지에서 수종의 구성은 산불 피해 이 전의 환경 조건을 비롯하여 산불의 발생 형태와 밀접 한 관계를 가진다 즉 사면 방 향에 따라 우점하는 수종이 달라지며 강우량이 낮은 경우 관목의 형태로 우점하게 되며 지표 유출이 일어 나는 경우 초본류보다는 선구수종 위주의 목본류가 우 점하게 된다 이러한 점을 감안해 볼 때 본 연구에서 나타난 상대 수고 생장율 의 급격한 감소는 척박한 토양환경과 능선부 아래쪽에 서 맹아 갱신한 참나무류에 의한 비음량이 증가하였기 때문에 점차 생장이 둔화되었을 것으로 사료된다 (Hanes and Jones 1967; Keeley and Keeley 1981; Keeley and Zedler 1978) (Keeley and Keeley 1981) Fig 5 Added seedling numbers of Pinus densiflora 조사지내 소나무 치수의 증가 년부터 년까지 개소의 조사구에서 능선부 를 중심으로 남사면과 북사면에 발생한 소나무 치수의 개체 수를 에 나타내었다 능선부를 중심으로 남사면과 북사면으로 나누어 비교하면 년 기준 조사구 그리고 의 경우 능선부 북사면 각각 개체 남사면에서 각각 개체가 발 생하여 북사면에서 더 많이 발생하였다 그리고 조사 구 와 의 경우는 능선부 북사면에서 각각 개체 남사면에서 각각 개체가 발생하여 남사면에서 더 많은 치수가 발생하였다 따라서 산불발생 빈도와 산 불피해 형태에 따른 경향은 나타나지 않으며 전체적 33 1999 2011 Fig 5 5 2011 1 37 38 4 24 5 29 9 4 2 3 on study site by time passed 1 7 6 9
Joo-Hoon Lim et al: Natural Regeneration Patten of Pine Seedlings on the Burned Forest Site in Gosung Korea 227 e ƒ w Raftoyannis and Spanos(2005) z ù ƒ w š w Eshel et al(2000) z» Pinus halepensis e t ù ƒ û w w š w ù» Ÿ ù(daniel et al 1979) ùkù Ÿ ƒ j w öe q wr ù ƒ»» w w t y t k ew w ew» p t w w ùkù tw û t t t w û t t w ùkù (Korea Meterological Adminstration 2009) ù» 9 ù» w t ks»» w w û y û t ù k ew w l ƒà» wt t tw w 5 w ù xw p w w e w» w ƒ ƒ v w q x w š ƒ m ƒ ƒ w m ù e w ùkù (Hanes 1971) 2 ƒ 35» w ù ƒ w û ù ƒ w q ù ù š y š ƒ 3 w ù ƒ wš ù ù œ ewš ù v š û š» w ùkû 1z ty 5 x ó ƒ ƒw w ew ù ƒ s y w ù š ƒ ù w vw š w ù m w ù x š š (Korea Forest Research Institute 1996) ù x w w m w w ù ƒ ù» q z ù ù ˆ ql ù ù w œ ù ƒ w x w» w vw ù w vw ù ˆ w» œwš w vw ù y 1z t y vw 5 z» 5 ƒw ql ty w wd š ty vw l w l ƒ» q 2z y vw 1 2 3 š 4 5 z l ù e ƒw ql ù w ù ù w m y š w ƒ ù e ƒw ù š w w
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