한수지 47(2), 122-128, 2014 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(2),122-128,2014 별불가사리 (Asterina pectinifera) 조직별초산추출물의생리활성탐색 고혜진, 조미정 1, 김군도 1, 박남규 * 부경대학교생물공학과, 1 부경대학교미생물학과 Biological Activities of Acidic Extracts of the Starfish Asterina pectinifera Hye-Jin Go, Mi Jeong Jo 1, Gun-Do Kim 1 and Nam Gyu Park* Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea 1 Department of Microbiology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea The present study was performed to examine the contraction and relaxation responses of the smooth muscles, and search for antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in the tissues, of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. Frozen samples were extracted with distilled water containing 1% acetic acid. Extracts from all tissues showed potent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli D31. Relatively high levels of antimicrobial activity were also detected in the body extracts. Liver, tube feet, and body extracts caused contraction responses in the dorsal retractor muscles (DRM) of the starfish. In contrast, all tissues examined exhibited contractile activity in the esophagus of squid Todarodes pacificus. In addition, liver and gonad extracts caused contraction responses upon application to the intestine of the puffer fish Takifugu pardalis. Relaxation effects on the DRM of starfish were identified in most of the extracts, while no relaxant activity was detected in body extracts. Extracts from all tissues examined also exhibited antioxidant activities. The results of this study suggest that starfish are a potential source of novel bioactive compounds. Key words: Starfish, Asterina pectinifera, Antimicrobial activity, Contraction and relaxation responses, Antioxidant activity 서론,,, (Donia and Hamann, 2003)., (Hancock and Diamond, 2000). (innate immunity) (adaptive immunity).,. (Matsunaga et al, 1985), (Charlet et al., 1996; Mitta et al., 1999; Mitta et al., 2000), (Miyata et al., 1989), (Ovchinnikova et al., 2004), (Iijima et al., 2003), (Destoumieux et al., 1997), (Li et al., 2008), (Ovchinnikova et al., 2006). eledosin (Erspamer and Anastasi, 1962) (neuropeptides) (Krieger, 1986). (Elliott and Barchas, 1979; Krieger, 1983),,, (Zadina et al., 1986). http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2014.0122 Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 47(2) 122-128, April 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licens (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/)which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received 14 February 2014; Revised 20 March 2014; Accepted 27 March 2014 *Corresponding author: Tel: +82. 51. 629. 5867 Fax: +82. 51. 629. 5863 E-mail address: ngpark@pknu.ac.kr Copyright 2014 The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 122 pissn:0374-8111, eissn:2287-8815
별불가사리추출물의생리활성 123 (Chauvet et al., 1994), (Irwin and Wong, 1995), (Iwakiri et al., 1990), (Jensen and Colon, 1992)., (Ames et al., 1993; Rice-Evans and Miller, 1996)., tert-butylhydroxytoluene (BHT), tert-butylhydroxyanisol (BHA) -tocopherol, vitamin C, carotenoids, flavonoids, (Kang et al., 2003; Kim et al., 1997; Koshino et al., 1996; Park et al., 1991). (Sampath Kumar NS et al., 2012), (Fan et al., 2012), mycosporin-like amino acids (MAAs) (Dunlap and Yamamoto, 1995).,. (Asterias amurensis) (Kwon et al., 2007) (Chae et al., 2007).. (Asterina pectinifera),. 시료 재료및방법 (Asterina pectinifera, 6-7 cm) 10 (body), (liver), (gonad), (muscle), (gut) (tubefeet). -70 일반시약 Tryptic soy broth (TSB), yeast extract, tryptone (Pancreatic digest of casein), agarose (Low EEO), acetylcholine chloride, carbachol 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) Sigma (St. Louis, USA). 추출물의조제 (Asterina pectinifera) 1% 1:3 (V/V), 4 30 15,000 g., 2. 생리활성탐색 항균활성 ultra radial diffusion assay (URDA) (Lehrer et al., 1991). North Carolina State University Edward J. Noga E. coli D31. 5 L 37, clear zone clear zone diameter (mm). 별불가사리 dorsal retractor muscle (DRM) 에서의수축및이완활성측정 eye spot 5 DRM mess 20 mm., isometric transducer (NEC- Sanei, Tokyo, Japan) resting tension 1.0 g 90., DRM tension 1.0 g acetylcholine (ACh) 10-4 M. 1/10. ACh 100%, ACh., tension 1.0 g 10-4 M ACh, 15 10-4 M ACh,. 10-4 M Ach 100% %. 55 mm Mg 2+, ASW : MgCl 2.6H 2 O 55 mm, NaCl 445 mm, KCl 10 mm, CaCl 2.2H 2 O 10 mm, Glucose 10 mm, Tris-HCl 10 mm (ph 7.8). 오징어소화관에서의수축활성 7 cm, 1.0 cm. buffer, buffer : NaCl 466 mm, MgCl 2 54 mm, CaCl 2 11 mm, KCl 10 mm, NaHCO 3 3 mm, Na-HEPES 10 mm. 2 ml physiography system (NECSanei, Tokyo, Japan) isometric
124 고혜진ㆍ조미정ㆍ김군도ㆍ박남규 transducer 1.5 g, 15 60. 10-5 M carbachol (Carb) 15 3. 1/10 physiography. 졸복장관평활근에대한수축활성, 1 cm 2.0-3.0 cm., 1.0 cm. buffer, buffer : NaCl 165 mm, KCl 3 mm, MgSO 4 7H 2 O 1.25 mm, NaHCO 3 2 mm, CaCl 2.2H 2 O 1.5 mm, Glucose 10 mm (ph 7.4). 2 ml physiography system isometric transducer 1.5 g, 15 60. 10-7 M ACh 15 3. 1/10. physiography. 10-7 M ACh 100%, ACh. 항산화활성의측정 DPPH methanol 1.5 10-4 M, 3 mg 0.01% 1 ml, 1/50. 1 ml DPPH solution UV cuvette 520 nm. (control) 1 ml DPPH 4 ml methanol. DPPH radical (%). DPPH radical (%) = [(O.D. of Control - O.D. of Sample)/O.D. of Control] 100 통계처리 3, GraphPad Prism 5.0 for Window ANOVA test, P<0.05 Dunnett s multiple comparison test. 결과및고찰 Fig. 1. Antimicrobial activity of various tissues' extracts of the starfish Asterina pectinifera against E. coli D31. 별불가사리추출물들의항균활성 E. coli D31 (Fig. 1). 38 2 mm, 18 2 mm, 15 1 mm, 14 1 mm, 13 2 mm, 19 3 mm (positive control: Piscidine 13.8 1). 2-3. (Seo et al., 2005; Seo et al, 2013)..,.,. (Edward et al., 2004).. (Christina et al., 2001; Martinage et al., 1983),,
별불가사리추출물의생리활성 125 A. The DRM of Starfish, Asterina pectinifera 2 min 1.0 g Muscle Gut Liver Body Tube feet B. The esophagus squid, Todarodes pacificus 2 min 1.0 g Muscle Gut Liver Tube feet Body Gonad C. The intestine of panther puffer, Takifugu pardalis 1.0 g Gonad Liver 2 min Fig. 2. The contractile activity of various tissues' extracts of the starfish Asterina pectinifera on the smooth muscle of other organisms. A; DRM of the starfish Asterina pectinifera, B; Esophagus of the squid Todarodes pacificus, C; Intestine of the panther puffer T akifugu pardalis. The extracts were applied at the time indicated by arrows.... 별불가사리 DRM, 오징어식도및졸복의장관평활근에대한수축활성 DRM, 10-4 M ACh 100%, ACh. Table 1 DRM.,, DRM.,, 100%, 80%.,.. Fig. 2B Table 1 10-5 M Carb 100%, Carb. (164.3%) (103.6%), (71.4%) Table 1. The contractile activity of various tissues' extracts of the starfish Asterina pectinifera on the smooth muscle of the other organisms (n=3) Sample DRM (A. pectinifera) Contractile activity (%) Esophagus (T. pacificus) Intestine (T. pardalis) Muscle 0 9.29±4 N.T. Gut 0 103.6±1 N.T. Gonad N.T 1. 71.4±3 52.3±2 Liver 77.8±4 164.3±2 36.4±1 Tube Feet 22.2±3 14.3±5 N.T. Body 100±1 42.1±2 N.T. 1 N.T.; not tested.
126 고혜진ㆍ조미정ㆍ김군도ㆍ박남규 Muscle Gut Liver Tube feet Gonad Body Ach 10-4 M Ach 10-4 M Ach 10-4 M Ach 10-4 M Ach 10-4 M Ach 10-4 M Fig. 3. The relaxant activity of various tissues' extracts of starfish Asterina pectinifera on the starfish Asterina pectinifera DRM. The extracts were applied at the time indicated by arrows...,, (phasic contraction) (Fig. 2A, Table 1)., (amplitude) (tone), (Fig. 2C). DRM Fig. 3 Table 2. Table 2 41.4%, 92.1%, 76.8%, 78.9%, 62.5%.,, ACh (Fig. 3)., (Stichopus japonicus) longitudinal muscle body wall, 2 (Iwakoshi et al., 1995), (Holothuria glaberrima) (Diaz-Miranda et al., 1995). Asterias rubens Asterias forbesi radial nerve cords FMRFamide peptide S1 S2 (Elphick et al., 1991), cardiac stomach (Elphick and Melarange, 2001). Table 2. Relaxant activity of various tissues' extracts on the starfish Asterina pectinifera DRM (n=3) Sample Relaxant activity (%) Muscle 41.4±8 Gut 92.1±3 Gonad 76.8±2 Liver 78.9±4 Tube Feet 62.5±5 Body 0 Table 3. In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activities of various tissues extracts of the starfish Asterina pectinifera (n=3).. 항산화활성 Sample DPPH DPPH radical. Vitamin C 0.8, 4, 20, 100 500 g/ml, DPPH radical 13, 19, 60, 88 90% (data not shown). Table 3 DPPH radical. 95.8 2%, 100 1%, 97.3 2%, 67.3 3%,, 100 1%., 27.2%., (Asterias amurensis) (Kwon MC et al., 2007), (Kim IH et al., 2001).,. 사사 2007 ( ) (No. KRF-2007-521-F00042) References Radical Scavenging Effect (RSE, %) Muscle 27.2±5 Gut 95.8±2 Gonad 100.0±1 Liver 97.3±2 Tube Feet 67.3±3 Body 100.0±1 Ames BN, Shigenaga MK and Hagen TM. 1993. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging. Proc Natl
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